宋圭武观点168权力约束与制度变革及知识分子的使命

不受约束的权力是可怕的。但权力有多种表现形式。不受约束的政治权力是十分危险的。另外，资本其实也是一种权力，雄厚的资本和具有垄断地位的资本其操纵社会的权力也很大，所以，不受约束的资本权力对社会危害也很大。另外，知识也是一种权力，不受约束的知识权力对社会也是一大害。社会权力制衡，需要考虑对政治权力、资本权力、知识权力三方面权力的全面制衡。

问题是，权力如何制衡才更有效，这是一个两害相权取其轻、两利相权取其重的问题。十全十美的制度设计是不存在的。制度设计需要立足于国情。另外，制度也需要在动态中不断进行改革优化。没有一劳永逸的制度设计。而改革制度所面临的最大阻力是利益集团的阻碍。所以，改革有时候不仅是一个流汗的过程，也是一个流血的过程，是一个敢于斗争和善于斗争的过程。在这种情况下，改革和革命很难区分。深度改革其实就是一场自我革命。

在推进社会制度改革较难的情况下，也可以先推进社会文化价值观的变革。因为社会文化价值观的转变不直接触动利益，可以绕过利益的磐石，推进相对容易。而社会文化价值观的转变，为社会制度的变革提供前提。在社会文化价值观转变的基础上，再推进社会制度变革就相对容易一些。而社会文化价值观的转变，又离不开开放和知识分子的启蒙。由此，推进社会变革，一个是要实现高水平开放；另外，知识分子要勇于走在社会前列。这里还有一个问题是，如何让社会有更多真正的知识分子，其中教育是一个重要的方面。良好的教育是推进社会变革的基础工程。好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's viewpoint168 Power restraint and institutional reform and the mission of intellectuals

Unrestrained power is terrible.But power has many forms of expression.Unrestrained political power is very dangerous.In addition, capital is also a kind of power. Strong capital and monopolized capital have great power to manipulate society, so unrestrained capital power is also harmful to society.In addition, knowledge is also a kind of power. Unrestrained knowledge power is also a great harm to society.Social power checks and balances need to consider the comprehensive checks and balances of political power, capital power and knowledge power.The problem is how to check and balance power more effectively. This is a problem of weighing the two harms and weighing the two benefits.There is no perfect system design.System design needs to be based on national conditions.In addition, systems also need to be reformed and optimized in a dynamic way.There is no once-and-for-all system design.The biggest obstacle to reforming systems is the resistance of interest groups.Therefore, reform is sometimes not only a process of sweating, but also a process of bleeding, a process of daring and good at fighting.In this case, reform and revolution are difficult to distinguish.In-depth reform is actually a self-revolution. When it is difficult to promote social system reform, we can also promote the transformation of social and cultural values first. Because the transformation of social and cultural values does not directly touch the interests, it can bypass the rock of interests and is relatively easy to promote. And the transformation of social and cultural values provides a prerequisite for the transformation of social systems. On the basis of the transformation of social and cultural values, it is relatively easy to promote the transformation of social systems. And the transformation of social and cultural values is inseparable from opening up and the enlightenment of intellectuals. Therefore, to promote social reform, one is to achieve a high level of opening up; in addition, intellectuals should have the courage to walk in the forefront of society. There is also a problem here, how to let the society have more real intellectuals, which education is an important aspect. Good education is the basic project to promote social reform. OK, thank you, thank you.