宋圭武觀點168權力限制與制度變革及知識分子的使命

不受限制的權力是可怕的。但權力有多種表現形式。不受限制的公權力是十分危險的。另外，資本其實也是一種權力，雄厚的資本和具有壟斷地位的資本其操縱社會的權力也很大，是以，不受限制的資本權力對社會危害也很大。另外，知識也是一種權力，不受限制的知識權力對社會也是一大害。社會權力制衡，需要考慮對公權力、資本權力、知識權力三方面權力的全面制衡。

問題是，權力如何制衡才更有效，這是一個兩害相權取其輕、兩利相權取其重的問題。十全十美的制度設計是不存在的。制度設計需要立足于國情。另外，制度也需要在動态中不斷進行改革優化。沒有一勞永逸的制度設計。而改革制度所面臨的最大阻力是利益集團的阻礙。是以，改革有時候不僅是一個流汗的過程，也是一個流血的過程，是一個敢于鬥争和善于鬥争的過程。在這種情況下，改革和革命很難區分。深度改革其實就是一場自我革命。

在推進社會制度改革較難的情況下，也可以先推進社會文化價值觀的變革。因為社會文化價值觀的轉變不直接觸動利益，可以繞過利益的磐石，推進相對容易。而社會文化價值觀的轉變，為社會制度的變革提供前提。在社會文化價值觀轉變的基礎上，再推進社會制度變革就相對容易一些。而社會文化價值觀的轉變，又離不開開放和知識分子的啟蒙。由此，推進社會變革，一個是要實作高水準開放；另外，知識分子要勇于走在社會前列。這裡還有一個問題是，如何讓社會有更多真正的知識分子，其中教育是一個重要的方面。良好的教育是推進社會變革的基礎工程。好，謝謝，謝謝。

Song Guiwu's viewpoint168 Power restraint and institutional reform and the mission of intellectuals

Unrestrained power is terrible.But power has many forms of expression.Unrestrained political power is very dangerous.In addition, capital is also a kind of power. Strong capital and monopolized capital have great power to manipulate society, so unrestrained capital power is also harmful to society.In addition, knowledge is also a kind of power. Unrestrained knowledge power is also a great harm to society.Social power checks and balances need to consider the comprehensive checks and balances of political power, capital power and knowledge power.The problem is how to check and balance power more effectively. This is a problem of weighing the two harms and weighing the two benefits.There is no perfect system design.System design needs to be based on national conditions.In addition, systems also need to be reformed and optimized in a dynamic way.There is no once-and-for-all system design.The biggest obstacle to reforming systems is the resistance of interest groups.Therefore, reform is sometimes not only a process of sweating, but also a process of bleeding, a process of daring and good at fighting.In this case, reform and revolution are difficult to distinguish.In-depth reform is actually a self-revolution. When it is difficult to promote social system reform, we can also promote the transformation of social and cultural values first. Because the transformation of social and cultural values does not directly touch the interests, it can bypass the rock of interests and is relatively easy to promote. And the transformation of social and cultural values provides a prerequisite for the transformation of social systems. On the basis of the transformation of social and cultural values, it is relatively easy to promote the transformation of social systems. And the transformation of social and cultural values is inseparable from opening up and the enlightenment of intellectuals. Therefore, to promote social reform, one is to achieve a high level of opening up; in addition, intellectuals should have the courage to walk in the forefront of society. There is also a problem here, how to let the society have more real intellectuals, which education is an important aspect. Good education is the basic project to promote social reform. OK, thank you, thank you.