如何高效的将excel导入sqlserver？

大部分人都知道用oledb来读取数据到dataset，但是读取之后怎么处理dataset就千奇百怪了。很多人通过循环来拼接sql，这样做不但容易出错而且效率低下，System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy 对于新手来说还是比较陌生的，这个就是传说中效率极高的bcp，6万多数据从excel导入到sql只需要4.5秒。

using System;  

using System.Data;  

using System.Windows.Forms;  

using System.Data.OleDb;  

namespace WindowsApplication2  

{  

    public partial class Form1 : Form  

    {  

        public Form1()  

        {  

            InitializeComponent();  

        }  

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  

        {  

            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中  

            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";  

            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();  

            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)  

            {  

                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);  

            }  

        }  

        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)  

        {  

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();  

            try 

            {  

                //获取全部数据  

                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";  

                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);  

                conn.Open();  

                string strExcel = "";  

                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;  

                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);  

                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);  

                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);  

                //如果目标表不存在则创建  

                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);  

                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)  

                {  

                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);  

                }  

                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";  

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))  

                {  

                    sqlconn.Open();  

                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();  

                    command.CommandText = strSql;  

                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();  

                    sqlconn.Close();  

                }  

                //用bcp导入数据  

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))  

                {  

                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);  

                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数  

                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数  

                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表  

                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);  

                }  

            }  

            catch (Exception ex)  

            {  

                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);  

            }  

        }  

        //进度显示  

        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)  

        {  

            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();  

            this.Update();  

        }  

    }  

}  

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data.OleDb;

namespace WindowsApplication2

{

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

        public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中

            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";

            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();

            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)

            {

                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);

            }

        }

        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)

        {

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();

            try

            {

                //获取全部数据

                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";

                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);

                conn.Open();

                string strExcel = "";

                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;

                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);

                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);

                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);

                //如果目标表不存在则创建

                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);

                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)

                {

                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);

                }

                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))

                {

                    sqlconn.Open();

                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();

                    command.CommandText = strSql;

                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();

                    sqlconn.Close();

                }

                //用bcp导入数据

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))

                {

                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);

                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数

                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数

                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表

                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);

                }

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);

            }

        }

        //进度显示

        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)

        {

            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();

            this.Update();

        }

    }

}

上面的TransferData基本可以直接使用，如果要考虑周全的话，可以用oledb来获取excel的表结构，并且加入ColumnMappings来设置对照字段，这样效果就完全可以做到和sqlserver的dts相同的效果了。

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