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spring 类型转换器_Spring中的类型转换

spring 类型转换器

以下是一些需要类型转换的简单情况:

情况1。 为了帮助简化bean配置,Spring支持属性值与文本值之间的转换。 每个属性编辑器仅设计用于某些类型的属性。 为了使用它们,我们必须在Spring容器中注册它们。

案例2。 同样,在使用Spring MVC时,控制器会将表单字段值绑定到对象的属性。 假设对象是由另一个对象组成的,则MVC控制器无法自动将值分配给内部自定义类型对象,因为表单中的所有值都作为文本值输入。 Spring容器将把文本值转换为原始类型,而不转换为自定义类型对象。 为此,我们必须在MVC流中初始化自定义编辑器。

本文将讨论实现自定义类型对象的转换器的各种方法。 为了详细说明这些,让我们考虑以下用例。 在该示例中,我想模拟游戏场地预订系统。 所以这是我的领域对象:

public class Reservation {

	public String playGround;
	public Date dateToReserve;
	public int hour;
	public Player captain;
	public SportType sportType;

	public Reservation(String playGround, Date date, int hour, Player captain, SportType sportType) {
		this.playGround = playGround;
		this.dateToReserve = date;
		this.hour = hour;
		this.captain = captain;
		this.sportType = sportType;
	}

	/**
	 * Getters and Setters
	 */
}

public class Player {

	private String name;
	private String phone;
	/**
	 * Getters and Setters
	 */

}

public class SportType {

	public static final SportType TENNIS = new SportType(1, "Tennis");
	public static final SportType SOCCER = new SportType(2, "Soccer");

	private int id;
	private String name;

	public SportType(int id, String name) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
	}

	public static Iterable<SportType> list(){
		return Arrays.asList(TENNIS, SOCCER);
	}

	public static SportType getSport(int id){
		for(SportType sportType : list()){
			if(sportType.getId() == id){
				return sportType;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Getters and Setters
	 */
}
           

这是案例1的示例:假设我们要定义一个预留bean,这是我们的方法:

<bean id="dummyReservation" class="com.pramati.model.Reservation">
	<property name="playGround" value="Soccer Court #1"/>
	<property name="dateToReserve" value="11-11-2011"/>
	<property name="hour" value="15"/>
	<property name="captain">
		<bean class="com.pramati.model.Player">
			<property name="name" value="Prasanth"/>
			<property name="phone" value="92131233124"/>
		</bean>
	</property>
	<property name="sportType">
		<property name="id" value="1"/>
		<property name="name" value="TENNIS"/>
	</property>
</bean>
           

这个bean的定义很冗长。 如果定义看起来像这样,它本来可以表现得更好:

<bean id="dummyReservation" class="com.pramati.model.Reservation">
	<property name="playGround" value="Soccer Court #1"/>
	<property name="dateToReserve" value="11-11-2011"/>
	<property name="hour" value="15"/>
	<property name="captain" value="Prasanth,92131233124"/>
	<property name="sportType" value="1,TENNIS"/>
</bean>
           

为此,我们应该告诉Spring在定义bean的过程中使用自定义转换器。

这是案例2的示例:假设我的应用程序中有一个JSP,它允许用户在一天的特定时间预订游乐场。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Reservation Form</title>
<style type="text/css">
.error {
	color: #ff0000;
	font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
	<form:form method="post" modelAttribute="reservation">
		<table>
			<tr>
				<th>Court Name</th>
				<td><form:input path="courtName" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Reservation Date</th>
				<td><form:input path="date" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Hour</th>
				<td><form:input path="hour" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Player Name</th>
				<td><form:input path="player.name" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Player Contact Number</th>
				<td><form:input path="player.phone" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Sport Type</th>
				<td><form:select path="sportType" items="${sportTypes}"
						itemLabel="name" itemValue="id" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="3"><input type="submit" name="Submit" /></td>
			</tr>
		</table>
	</form:form>
</body>
</html>
           

这是对应的MVC控制器:

@Controller
@RequestMapping
@SessionAttributes("reservation")
public class ReservationFormController {

	@Autowired
	private ReservationService reservationService;

	@ModelAttribute("sportTypes")
	public Iterable<SportType> getSportTypes(){
		return SportType.list();
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/reservationForm/{captainName}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String initForm(Model model, @PathVariable String captainName){
		Reservation reservation = new Reservation();
		reservation.setPlayer(new Player(captainName, null));
		reservation.setSportType(SportType.TENNIS);
		model.addAttribute("reservation", reservation);
		return "reservationForm";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/reservationForm/{captainName}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public String reserve(@Valid Reservation reservation, BindingResult bindingResult, SessionStatus sessionStatus){
		validator.validate(reservation, bindingResult);
		if(bindingResult.hasErrors()){
			return "/reservationForm";
		} else{
			reservationService.make(reservation);
			sessionStatus.setComplete();
			return "redirect:../reservationSuccess";
		}
	}
}
           

现在您可以看到,在JSP中,我们将表单字段绑定到Reservation对象(modelAttribute =“ reservation”)。 该对象由传递给视图的控制器(在initForm()方法中)保留在模型中。 现在,当我们提交表单时,Spring会引发一条验证消息,指出无法将字段值转换为类型Player和SportType。 为此,我们必须定义自定义转换器并将其注入Spring MVC流中。

现在的问题是如何定义自定义转换器? Spring提供了两种支持这些自定义转换器的方式:

  • 解决方案1:使用PropertyEditors
  • 解决方案2:使用转换器

使用PropertyEditor:

PropertyEditorSupport,实现PropertyEditor接口,是用于帮助构建PropertyEditor的支持类。

public class SportTypeEditorSupport extends PropertyEditorSupport {

	/**
     * Sets the property value by parsing a given String.  May raise
     * java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if either the String is
     * badly formatted or if this kind of property can't be expressed
     * as text.
     *
     * @param text  The string to be parsed.
     */
	@Override
	public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		try{
			SportType sportType = SportType.getSport(Integer.parseInt(text));
			setValue(sportType);// setValue stores the custom type Object into a instance variable in PropertyEditorSupport.
		}
		catch(NumberFormatException nfe){
			throw new RuntimeException(nfe.getMessage());
		}
	}

	 /**
     * Gets the property value as a string suitable for presentation
     * to a human to edit.
     *
     * @return The property value as a string suitable for presentation
     *       to a human to edit.
     * <p>   Returns "null" is the value can't be expressed as a string.
     * <p>   If a non-null value is returned, then the PropertyEditor should
     *	     be prepared to parse that string back in setAsText().
     */
	@Override
	public String getAsText() {
		SportType sportType = (SportType)getValue();
		return Integer.toString(sportType.getId());
	}
}
           

现在,在PropertyEditorRegistry中注册自定义编辑器。 PropertyEditorRegistrar在PropertyEditorRegistry中注册自定义编辑器。 这是您的操作方式:

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.PropertyEditorRegistrar;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyEditorRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;

import com.pramati.model.SportType;

public class CustomPropertyEditorRegistrar implements PropertyEditorRegistrar {
	@Override
	public void registerCustomEditors(PropertyEditorRegistry registry) {
		registry.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(
				new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy"), true));
		registry.registerCustomEditor(SportType.class, new SportTypeEditorSupport());
	}
}
           

CustomEditorConfigurer被实现为Bean工厂后处理器,您可以在实例化任何Bean之前注册自定义属性编辑器。 为此,我们将PropertyEditorRegistry与CustomEditorConfigurer关联。

<bean id="customPropertyEditorRegistrar" class="com.pramati.spring.mvc.CustomPropertyEditorRegistrar"/>

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer">
	<property name="propertyEditorRegistrars">
		<list>
			<ref bean="customPropertyEditorRegistrar"/>
		</list>
	</property>
</bean>
           

现在,当Spring容器看到​​此信息时:

<property name="captain" value="Prasanth,92131233124"/>
           

Spring自动将指定的值转换为Player对象。 但是,此配置对于Spring MVC流还不够。 控制器仍然会抱怨类型不兼容,因为它期望一个Player对象在获取String的地方。 为了将表单字段值解释为自定义类型对象,我们必须进行很少的MVC配置更改。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebBindingInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;

public class CustomWebBindingInitializer implements WebBindingInitializer {
	@Autowired
	private CustomPropertyEditorRegistrar customPropertyEditorRegistrar;

	@Override
	public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, WebRequest request) {
		customPropertyEditorRegistrar.registerCustomEditors(binder);
	}
}
           

现在,手动删除并定义必要的bean,因为我们需要将WebBindingInitializer注入RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
	<property name="webBindingInitializer">
		<bean class="com.pramati.spring.mvc.CustomWebBindingInitializer"/>
	</property>
</bean>
           

现在,控制器会自动将String转换为必要的自定义类型对象。 请注意,我们必须进行单独的配置更改,以简化Spring MVC中的bean配置和表单字段的类型转换。 同样值得指出的是,在扩展PropertyEditorSupport时,我们将自定义类型对象存储在实例变量中,因此使用PropertyEditors并不是线程安全的。 为了克服这些问题,Spring 3.0引入了转换器和格式化程序的概念。

使用转换器:

转换器组件用于将一种类型转换为另一种类型,并通过强制将所有此类与转换相​​关的代码放在一个位置来提供更清晰的分隔。 Spring已经支持常用类型的内置转换器,并且该框架可扩展性足以编写自定义转换器。 Spring Formatters进入图片以根据呈现数据的显示来格式化数据。 在考虑编写适合特定业务需求的自定义转换器之前,总是有必要先查看详尽的预制转换器列表。 有关查看预建转换器的列表,请参见org.springframework.core.convert.support软件包。

回到我们的用例,让我们实现String到SportType转换器:

import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
import com.pramati.model.SportType;

public class StringToSportTypeConverter implements Converter<String, SportType> {

	@Override
	public SportType convert(String sportIdStr) {
		int sportId = -1;
		try{
			sportId = Integer.parseInt(sportIdStr);
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			throw new ConversionFailedException(TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(SportType.class), sportIdStr, null);
		}

		SportType sportType = SportType.getSport(sportId);
		return sportType;
	}

}
           

现在,在ConversionService中注册它,并将其与SpringMVC流链接:

<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean" >
	<property name="converters">
		<set>
			<bean class="com.pramati.type.converters.StringToSportTypeConverter"/>
			<bean class="com.pramati.type.converters.StringToDateConverter"/>
			<bean class="com.pramati.type.converters.StringToPlayerConverter"/>
		</set>
	</property>
</bean>
           

如果您使用的是自定义bean声明而不是‹mvc:annotation-driven /›,则可以使用以下方法:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebBindingInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;

public class CustomWebBindingInitializer implements WebBindingInitializer {

	@Autowired
	private ConversionService conversionService;

	@Override
	public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, WebRequest request) {
		binder.setConversionService(conversionService);
	}

}
           

现在将WebBindingInitializer注入RequestMappingHandlerAdapter。

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
	<property name="webBindingInitializer">
		<bean class="com.pramati.spring.mvc.CustomWebBindingInitializer"/>
	</property>
</bean>
           

单独注册ConversionService将有助于简化bean配置(案例1)。 为了使案例2正常工作,我们必须在Spring MVC流中注册ConversionService。 请注意,这种类型转换方式也是线程安全的。

同样,除了使Converters / PropertEditor对应用程序中的所有控制器都可用之外,我们还可以基于每个控制器启用它们。 这是您的操作方式。 删除上面指定的通用配置,并在控制器类中引入@InitBinder,如下所示:

@Controller
@RequestMapping
@SessionAttributes("reservation")
public class ReservationFormController {

	private ReservationService reservationService;
	private ReservationValidator validator;

	@Autowired
	public ReservationFormController(ReservationService reservationService, ReservationValidator validator){
		this.reservationService = reservationService;
		this.validator = validator;
	}

	@Autowired
	private ConversionService conversionService;
	@InitBinder
	protected void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) {
		binder.setConversionService(conversionService);
	}

	/*@InitBinder
	protected void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) {
		binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy"), true));
		binder.registerCustomEditor(SportType.class, new SportTypeEditorSupport(reservationService));
	}*/

	/*@Autowired
	private PropertyEditorRegistrar propertyEditorRegistrar;
	@InitBinder
	protected void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) {
		propertyEditorRegistrar.registerCustomEditors(binder);
	}*/

	@ModelAttribute("sportTypes")
	public Iterable<SportType> getSportTypes(){
		return SportType.list();
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/reservationForm/{userName}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String initForm(Model model, @PathVariable String userName){
		Reservation reservation = new Reservation();
		reservation.setPlayer(new Player(userName, null));
		reservation.setSportType(SportType.TENNIS);
		model.addAttribute("reservation", reservation);
		return "reservationForm";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value="/reservationForm/{userName}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public String reserve(@Valid Reservation reservation, BindingResult bindingResult, SessionStatus sessionStatus){
		validator.validate(reservation, bindingResult);
		if(bindingResult.hasErrors()){
			return "/reservationForm";
		} else{
			reservationService.make(reservation);
			sessionStatus.setComplete();
			return "redirect:../reservationSuccess";
		}
	}

	@RequestMapping("/reservationSuccess")
	public void success(){

	}
}
           

因此,如果您看到上面的代码,您会注意到在使用PropertyEditor而不是转换器的地方,注释的代码。 因此,在两种实现方式中都可以使用基于控制器启用类型转换器的功能。

参考:

prasanthnath博客上的JCG合作伙伴 Prasanth Gullapalli 在Spring中进行了类型转换 。

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/11/type-conversion-in-spring-2.html

spring 类型转换器