centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

Hadoop集群部署，就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79，hadoop2.7.5。

 1.Hadoop的节点构成如下：

HDFS daemon：  NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode

YARN damones： ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy

MapReduce Job History Server

本次测试的分布式环境为：Master 1台 (test166)，Slave 1台(test167)

2.1 安装JDK及下载解压hadoop

JDK安装可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Dylansuns/p/6974272.html 或者简单安装：https://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5809553.html

从官网下载Hadoop最新版2.7.5

[[email protected] ~]$ su - hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/
[[email protected] ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz      

将hadoop解压到/usr/hadoop/下

[[email protected] ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz      

结果：

[[email protected] ~]$ ll
total 211852
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Documents
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop      4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5
-rw-rw-r--.  1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Music
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos
[[email protected]-master ~]$       

 2.2 在各节点上设置主机名及创建hadoop组和用户

所有节点（master,slave）

1 [[email protected] ~]#  su - root
2 [[email protected] ~]#  vi /etc/hosts
3 10.86.255.166 hadoop-master
4 10.86.255.167 slave1
5 注意：修改hosts中，是立即生效的，无需source或者. 。      

先使用

建立hadoop用户组

新建用户，useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop （新建用户hadoop指定用户主目录/usr/hadoop 及所属组hadoop）

passwd hadoop 设置hadoop密码（这里设置密码为hadoop）

[[email protected] ~]# groupadd hadoop 
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop
[[email protected] ~]# passwd hadoop      

2.3 在各节点上设置SSH无密码登录

最终达到目的：即在master:节点执行  ssh [email protected]不需要密码，此处只需配置master访问slave1免密。

 su - hadoop

进入~/.ssh目录

执行：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路回车

 生成两个文件，一个私钥，一个公钥，在master1中执行：cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[[email protected] ~]$ su - hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[[email protected]-master ~]$ cd .ssh
[[email protected]-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de [email protected]master
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|=+*.. . .        |
|oo O . o .       |
|. o B + .        |
|   = + . .       |
|  + o   S        |
| . +             |
|  . E            |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+
[[email protected]-master .ssh]$ 
[[email protected] .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[[email protected] .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts
[[email protected] .ssh]$       

 2.3.1：本机无密钥登录

[[email protected] ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[[email protected] ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh
[[email protected] ~]$ cd .ssh
[[email protected] .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[[email protected] .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts      

验证：

没有提示输入密码则表示本机无密钥登录成功，如果此步不成功，后续启动hdfs脚本会要求输入密码

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh [email protected]master
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master
[[email protected]-master ~]$       

2.3.2：master与其他节点无密钥登录       

 ( 若已有authorized_keys，则执行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected] 上面命令的功能ssh-copy-id将pub值写入远程机器的~/.ssh/authorized_key中

)      

从master中把authorized_keys分发到各个结点上(会提示输入密码，输入slave1相应的密码即可)：

scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys [email protected]:/home/master/.ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:
      

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[[email protected] .ssh]$

然后在各个节点对authorized_keys执行(一定要执行该步，否则会报错)：chmod 600 authorized_keys

保证.ssh 700，.ssh/authorized_keys 600权限

测试如下（第一次ssh时会提示输入yes/no，输入yes即可）：

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh [email protected]
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018
[[email protected] ~]$ 
[[email protected] ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave1 closed.
[[email protected] ~]$       

2.4 设置Hadoop的环境变量

Master及slave1都需操作

[[email protected] ~]#  su - root

[[email protected] ~]#  vi /etc/profile  末尾添加，保证任何路径下可执行hadoop命令

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

PATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH      

让设置生效

[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile

或者

[[email protected] ~]# . /etc/profile      

Master设置hadoop环境

su - hadoop
1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh   新增以下内容
2 export   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
3 export   HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5      

此时hadoop安装已完成，可执行hadoop命令，后续步骤为集群部署

[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME]
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME
 or
  where COMMAND is one of:
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
                       note: please use "yarn jar" to launch
                             YARN applications, not this command.
  checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
  credential           interact with credential providers
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
  trace                view and modify Hadoop tracing settings

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
[[email protected]-master ~]$       

2.5 Hadoop设定

2.5.0 开放端口50070

注：centos7版本对防火墙进行 加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewall

Master节点:

su - root

firewall-cmd --state 查看状态（若关闭，则先开启systemctl start firewalld）

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

开启8000端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和访问类型) --permanent(永久生效)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload -重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

 

关闭端口：firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent      

Slave1节点：

su - root
systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动      

2.5.1 在Master节点的设定文件中指定Slave节点

[[email protected] hadoop]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop
[[email protected]-master hadoop]$ vi slaves
slave1      

2.5.2 在各节点指定HDFS文件存储的位置（默认是/tmp）

Master节点： namenode

创建目录并赋予权限

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown   -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5      

Slave节点：datanode

创建目录并赋予权限，改变所有者

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown -R   hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5      

2.5.3 在Master中设置配置文件(包括yarn)

su - hadoop 
 1 # vi   etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
 2 
 3 <configuration>
 4 
 5 <property>
 6 
 7         <name>fs.default.name</name>
 8 
 9         <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value>
10 
11     </property>
12 
13 <property>
14 
15           <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
16 
17           <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp</value>
18 
19     </property>
20 
21 </configuration>      

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
 2 
 3 <configuration>
 4 
 5 <property>
 6 
 7         <name>dfs.replication</name>
 8 
 9       <value>3</value>
10 
11 </property>
12 
13   <property>
14 
15       <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
16 
17         <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name</value>
18 
19 </property>
20 
21     <property>
22 
23       <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
24 
25       <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data</value>
26 
27     </property>
28 
29  
30 
31 </configuration>      

1 #cp mapred-site.xml.template   mapred-site.xml
 2 
 3 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
 4 
 5 <configuration>
 6 
 7     <property>
 8 
 9         <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
10 
11         <value>yarn</value>
12 
13     </property>
14 
15 </configuration>      

YARN设定

yarn的组成（Master节点： resourcemanager ，Slave节点： nodemanager）

以下仅在master操作,后面步骤会统一分发至salve1。

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
 2 
 3 <configuration>
 4 
 5     <property>
 6 
 7         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
 8 
 9         <value>hadoop-master</value>
10 
11     </property>
12 
13     <property>
14 
15         <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
16 
17         <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
18 
19     </property>
20 
21 </configuration>      

2.5.4将Master的文件分发至slave1节点。

cd /usr/hadoop

scp -r  hadoop-2.7.5 [email protected]:/usr/hadoop      

2.5.5 Master上启动job history server，Slave节点上指定

此步2.5.5可跳过

Mater:

启动jobhistory daemon

# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

确认

# jps

访问Job History Server的web页面

http://localhost:19888/

Slave节点：

1 # vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
2 
3     <property>
4 
5         <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
6 
7         <value>hadoop-master:10020</value>
8 
9     </property>      

2.5.6 格式化HDFS（Master）

# hadoop namenode -format      

Master结果：

2.5.7 在Master上启动daemon，Slave上的服务会一起启动

 启动:

[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[[email protected]-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master]
hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out
[[email protected]-master hadoop-2.7.5]$       

确认

Master节点：

[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps
81209 NameNode
81516 SecondaryNameNode
82052 Jps
81744 ResourceManager      

Slave节点：

[[email protected] ~]$ jps
58913 NodeManager
59358 Jps
58707 DataNode      

停止（需要的时候再停止，后续步骤需running状态）:

[[email protected] hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: stopping namenode slave1: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager slave1: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop      

2.5.8 创建HDFS

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user

# hdfs dfs -mkdir   /user/test22      

2.5.9 拷贝input文件到HDFS目录下

# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh   /user/test22/input      

查看

# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input      

2.5.10 执行hadoop job

统计单词的例子，此时的output是hdfs中的目录，hdfs dfs -ls可查看

# hadoop jar   share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount   /user/test22/input  output      

确认执行结果

# hdfs dfs -cat output/*      

2.5.11 查看错误日志

注：日志在salve1的*.log中而不是在master或*.out中

2.6 Q&A

1. hdfs dfs -put 报错如下，解决关闭master&salve防火墙

hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream

java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pu20065226/p/8464156.html