(1)第一步:内容介绍
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/__Qf2AjLwojIjJCLyojI0JCLiQDOxEzX3xCZlhXam9VbsUmepNXZy9CXwJWZ3xCdh1mcvZ2Lc1zaHRGcWdUYuVzVa9GczoVdG1mWfVGc5RHLwIzX39GZhh2csATMflHLwEzX4xSZz91ZsAzMfRHLGZkRGZkRfJ3bs92YskmNhVTYykVNQJVMRhXVEF1X0hXZ0xiNx8VZ6l2cssmch1mclRXY39CXldWYtlWPzNXZj9mcw1ycz9WL49zZuBnL1kTO1EGNxUmMzITOiFzNzYzX3IjM0ETM0EzLcFTMyIDMy8CXn9Gbi9CXzV2Zh1WavwVbvNmLvR3YxUjLyM3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.png)
(2)
网易新闻的链接:https://news.163.com/
重点爬取五个板块的文字:国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机
需求:爬取基于文字的新闻数据
三步走
第一步:
新建项目
scrapy startproject wangyiPro
cd wangyiPro/
建立爬虫文件
scrapy genspider wangyi www.xxxx.com
第二步:组织数据结构和写爬虫文件
wangyi.py
import scrapy
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,8]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
print(url+":"+title)
在settings.py加上UA和robots设置
注意,在爬取数据量很小的时候可以不加,在某些网站上,这个案例就是这样
第三步:执行
scrapy crawl wangyi --nolog
结果:
(3)很多时间花费在解析数据上了
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,8]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond)
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="data_row news_article clearfix"]')
print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tag="".join(tag)
动态加载的数据拿不到,用selenium
(4)selenium的初步应用
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver #第一步,导包
#第二步,实例化浏览器,保证浏览器只能实例化一次
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def __init__(self):
# 第二步,实例化一个浏览器对象(保证实例化一次)
self.bro=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
def closed(self,spider):
# 最后一步:必须在整个爬虫结束后,才关闭浏览器
print('爬虫结束')
self.bro.quit
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,8]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond)
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="data_row news_article clearfix"]')
print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tag="".join(tag)
(5)selenium在下载中间件中的配置2
爬虫文件wangyi.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver #第一步,导包
#第二步,实例化浏览器,保证浏览器只能实例化一次
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def __init__(self):
# 第二步,实例化一个浏览器对象(保证实例化一次)
self.bro=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./wangyiPro/chromedriver.exe')
def closed(self,spider):
# 最后一步:必须在整个爬虫结束后,才关闭浏览器
print('爬虫结束')
self.bro.quit()
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,8]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond)
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="data_row news_article clearfix"]')
# print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tag="".join(tag)
middlewares.py
from scrapy import signals
class WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
return None
#拦截响应的对象(拦截下载器传递给Spider的响应对象)
#request:响应对象对应的请求对象
#response:拦截到的响应对象
#spider:爬虫文件中对应的爬虫类的实例
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
print(request.url+"这是下载中间件")
return response
开启UA和robot以及下载中间件
settings.py
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
(6)网易爬虫程序wangyi.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver #第一步,导包
#第二步,实例化浏览器,保证浏览器只能实例化一次
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def __init__(self):
# 第二步,实例化一个浏览器对象(保证实例化一次)
self.bro=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./wangyiPro/chromedriver.exe')
# urls = []
def closed(self,spider):
# 最后一步:必须在整个爬虫结束后,才关闭浏览器
print('爬虫结束')
self.bro.quit()
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
# global urls
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
# urls.append(url)
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
print(url)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond)
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li/div/div')
print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tag="".join(tag)
settings.py文件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
middlewares.py
from scrapy import signals
from time import sleep
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
class WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
return None
#拦截响应的对象(拦截下载器传递给Spider的响应对象)
#request:响应对象对应的请求对象
#response:拦截到的响应对象
#spider:爬虫文件中对应的爬虫类的实例
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# print(request.url+"这是下载中间件")
#响应对象中存储页面数据的篡改 #spider.url_list可以提前拿出来,问题出在这个http是否加s和无人机这个模块是独特的解析方式上边
if request.url in['http://news.163.com/domestic/','http://news.163.com/world/','http://war.163.com/','http://news.163.com/air/']:
# if request.url in spider.urls:
# print('this is process_response!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1')
spider.bro.get(url=request.url)
sleep(2)
#页面数据就是包含了动态加载出来的新闻数据对应的页面数据
page_text=spider.bro.page_source
return HtmlResponse(url=spider.bro.current_url,body=page_text,encoding='utf-8',request=request)
# 实例化新的响应对象,作用域
else:
return response
(7)向下滑动与打印解析的内容(),这个有问题明天需要测试一下
wangyi.py爬虫文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver #第一步,导包
#第二步,实例化浏览器,保证浏览器只能实例化一次
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def __init__(self):
# 第二步,实例化一个浏览器对象(保证实例化一次)
self.bro=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./wangyiPro/chromedriver.exe')
# urls = []
def closed(self,spider):
# 最后一步:必须在整个爬虫结束后,才关闭浏览器
print('爬虫结束')
self.bro.quit()
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
# global urls
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
# urls.append(url)
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
print(url)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond)
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li/div/div')
print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tags=[]
for t in tag:
t=t.strip('\n \t')
tags.append(t)
tag="".join(tags)
# print(head+":"+url+":"+imgUrl+":"+tag)
settings.py爬虫文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for wangyiPro project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'wangyiPro'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['wangyiPro.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'wangyiPro.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'wangyiPro (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'wangyiPro.pipelines.WangyiproPipeline': 300,
#}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
View Code
middlewares.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
from time import sleep
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
class WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# Called for each request that goes through the downloader
# middleware.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this request
# - or return a Response object
# - or return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
# installed downloader middleware will be called
return None
#拦截响应的对象(拦截下载器传递给Spider的响应对象)
#request:响应对象对应的请求对象
#response:拦截到的响应对象
#spider:爬虫文件中对应的爬虫类的实例
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# print(request.url+"这是下载中间件")
#响应对象中存储页面数据的篡改 #spider.url_list可以提前拿出来
if request.url in['http://news.163.com/domestic/','http://news.163.com/world/','http://war.163.com/','http://news.163.com/air/']:
# if request.url in spider.urls:
# print('this is process_response!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1')
spider.bro.get(url=request.url)
sleep(2)
# js='window.scrollTo(0,documnet.body.scrollHeight)'
# spider.bro.execute_script(js)
# sleep(2) #缓冲加载数据,一定要给予浏览器一定的缓冲加载数据的时间
#页面数据就是包含了动态加载出来的新闻数据对应的页面数据
page_text=spider.bro.page_source
return HtmlResponse(url=spider.bro.current_url,body=page_text,encoding='utf-8',request=request)
# 实例化新的响应对象,作用域
else:
return response
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class WangyiproItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
pass
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
class WangyiproPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
# print(item['title']+':'+item['content'])
return item
执行:
scrapy crawl wangyi --nolog
(8)加上传入管道和传递item,以及meta传递参数和获取文章内容的编写
爬虫文件wangyi.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver #第一步,导包
from wangyiPro.items import WangyiproItem
#第二步,实例化浏览器,保证浏览器只能实例化一次
class WangyiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'wangyi'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://news.163.com/']
def __init__(self):
# 第二步,实例化一个浏览器对象(保证实例化一次)
self.bro=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./wangyiPro/chromedriver.exe')
# urls = []
def closed(self,spider):
# 最后一步:必须在整个爬虫结束后,才关闭浏览器
print('爬虫结束')
self.bro.quit()
def parse(self, response):
lis=response.xpath('//div[@class="ns_area list"]/ul/li')
indexs=[3,4,6,7,]
li_list=[] #存储的就是国内,国际,军事,航空,无人机五个模块对应的li标签对象
# global urls
for index in indexs:
li_list.append(lis[index])
#获取四个板块中的链接和文字标题
for li in li_list:
url=li.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first()
# urls.append(url)
title=li.xpath('./a/text()').extract_first()
# print(url+":"+title)
print(url)
#对每一个板块对应的url发起请求,获取页面数据(标题,缩略图,关键字,发布时间,url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parseSecond,meta={'title':title})#请求传参
def parseSecond(self,response):
div_list=response.xpath('/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li/div/div')
print(len(div_list))
for div in div_list:
head=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/text()').extract_first()
url=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_title"]/h3/a/@href').extract_first()
imgUrl=div.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
publish_t=div.xpath('.//div[@class="news_tag"]/span/text()').extract_first()
tag=div.xpath('.//div[@class="keywords"]/a/text()').extract()
tags=[]
for t in tag:
t=t.strip('\n \t')
tags.append(t)
tag="".join(tags)
#获取meta传递过来的数据值title
title=response.meta['title']
#实例化item对象,将解析到的数据值存储到item对象中
item =WangyiproItem()
item['head']=head
item['url']=url
item['imgUrl']=imgUrl
item['publish_t']=publish_t
item['tag']=tag
item['title']=title
#对url发起请求,获取对应页面中存储的新闻内容数据
yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.getContent, meta={'item': item})
# print(head+":"+url+":"+imgUrl+":"+tag)
def getContent(self,response):
#获取传递过来的item
item=response.meta['item']
#解析当前页面中存储的新闻数据
content_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="post_text"]/p/text()').extract()
content="".join(content_list)
item['content']=content
yield item
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class WangyiproItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
# pass
head = scrapy.Field()
url = scrapy.Field()
imgUrl = scrapy.Field()
publish_t = scrapy.Field()
tag = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
content = scrapy.Field()
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
class WangyiproPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
print(item['title']+':'+item['content'])
return item
settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for wangyiPro project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'wangyiPro'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['wangyiPro.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'wangyiPro.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'wangyiPro (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'wangyiPro.pipelines.WangyiproPipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
middlewares.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
from time import sleep
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
class WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# Called for each request that goes through the downloader
# middleware.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this request
# - or return a Response object
# - or return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
# installed downloader middleware will be called
return None
#拦截响应的对象(拦截下载器传递给Spider的响应对象)
#request:响应对象对应的请求对象
#response:拦截到的响应对象
#spider:爬虫文件中对应的爬虫类的实例
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# print(request.url+"这是下载中间件")
#响应对象中存储页面数据的篡改 #spider.url_list可以提前拿出来
if request.url in['http://news.163.com/domestic/','http://news.163.com/world/','http://war.163.com/','http://news.163.com/air/']:
# if request.url in spider.urls:
# print('this is process_response!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1')
spider.bro.get(url=request.url)
sleep(2)
# js='window.scrollTo(0,documnet.body.scrollHeight)'
# spider.bro.execute_script(js)
# sleep(2) #缓冲加载数据,一定要给予浏览器一定的缓冲加载数据的时间
#页面数据就是包含了动态加载出来的新闻数据对应的页面数据
page_text=spider.bro.page_source
return HtmlResponse(url=spider.bro.current_url,body=page_text,encoding='utf-8',request=request)
# 实例化新的响应对象,作用域
else:
return response
主要是五个文件的编写:
wangyi.py爬虫文件
middlewares.py
settings.py
items.py
pipelines.py
(9)