最近在执行单元测试的时候，发现一个奇怪的问题：本地Junit的单测单独执行，程序正常；但是在集成了JaCoCo覆盖率插件后，执行maven test命令一直会报ArrayIndexOutOfBounds数组越界异常，查了好久，才找到最终原因。
单测代码如下：
@Test
public void getSingleProductProperty(){
String productCode = "C030060008";
List<PropertyOptionVO> propertyOptionVOList = waresMallProductFacadeService.getSingleProductProperty(productCode);
Assert.assertTrue(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(propertyOptionVOList));
}
maven test命令报出的异常：
[20190822-17:46:30.840]-[INFO]-[1566467084465_GqwN]-[Thread-18]-[org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ExecutorConfigurationSupport:202]- Shutting down ExecutorService
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[ERROR] Errors:
[ERROR] WaresMallProductFacadeServiceImplTest.getSingleProductInfo:62 » ArrayIndexOutOfBounds
[INFO]
[ERROR] Tests run: 41, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] wares-mall-api 1.8.0 ............................... SUCCESS [ 2.386 s][INFO] support-platform-user .............................. SUCCESS [ 25.723 s]
[INFO] mall-bootstrap ..................................... FAILURE [01:49 min]
[INFO] mall-rest 3.3-SNAPSHOT ............................. SKIPPED
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 05:21 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-08-22T17:46:31+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) on project mall-bootstrap: There are test failures.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] Please refer to /Users/ding******/wares-manage-center/mall-bootstrap/target/surefire-reports for the individual test results.
[ERROR] Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date]-jvmRun[N].dump, [date].dumpstream and [date]-jvmRun[N].dumpstream.
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) on project mall-bootstrap: There are test failures.
Please refer to /Users/ding******/wares-manage-center/mall-bootstrap/target/surefire-reports for the individual test results.
Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date]-jvmRun[N].dump, [date].dumpstream and [date]-jvmRun[N].dumpstream.
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:213)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:154)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:146)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:954)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:288)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:192)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoFailureException: There are test failures.
Please refer to /Users/ding******/wares-manage-center/mall-bootstrap/target/surefire-reports for the individual test results.
Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date]-jvmRun[N].dump, [date].dumpstream and [date]-jvmRun[N].dumpstream.
at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.SurefireHelper.throwException (SurefireHelper.java:240)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.SurefireHelper.reportExecution (SurefireHelper.java:112)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.SurefirePlugin.handleSummary (SurefirePlugin.java:354)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeAfterPreconditionsChecked (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1008)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.execute (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:854)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo (DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:137)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:208)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:154)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:146)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:954)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:288)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:192)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:356)
[ERROR]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException
[ERROR]
[ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command
[ERROR] mvn <goals> -rf :mall-bootstrap
使用maven -X -e -l，也查不出来具体的信息。一开始不知道是JaCoCo导致的问题，以为是maven的问题，更换了最新的maven版本也不行，因为自己一直搜的关键词是maven + ArrayIndexOutOfBounds，谷歌搜索给了一条搜索记录了，进去之后才发现是JaCoCo覆盖率插件的问题。
JaCoCo GitHub项目上的issues：https://github.com/jacoco/jacoco/issues/799
JaCoCo官网上FAQ的解释：https://www.jacoco.org/jacoco/trunk/doc/faq.html
My code uses reflection. Why does it fail when I execute it with JaCoCo?
To collect execution data JaCoCo instruments the classes under test which adds two members to the classes: A private static field
$jacocoData
and a private static method
$jacocoInit()
. Both members are marked as synthetic.
Please change your code to ignore synthetic members. This is a good practice anyways as also the Java compiler creates synthetic members in certain situation.
是说为了收集执行数据，jacoco在测试中的类加入两个成员：私有静态字段$jacodata 和私有静态方法160；$jacoinit（），这两个成员都是合成（synthetic）的。Java 里面的synthetic机制，有兴趣大家可以看一下，是说Java编译器会给类添加额外的成员信息，这些成员字段在源码级别往往是看不到的，即这些成员不是程序员定义的，比如常见的内部类，Java编译器通过生成一些在源代码中不存在的synthetic方法和类的方式，实现了对private级别的字段和类的访问，从而绕开了语言限制。我检查了一下单测中waresMallProductFacadeService.getSingleProductProperty(productCode)方法的实现，里面果然用到了反射。是一个Bean字段copy的函数：
public static <T> T copyProperties(Object orig, T dest){
if (dest == null || orig == null) return dest;
if (orig instanceof Map) {
Map map = ((Map)orig);
for(Object o:map.keySet()){
setProperties(dest, (String)o, map.get(o));
}
} else /* if (orig is a standard JavaBean) */ {
Class<?> clazz = orig.getClass();
while(clazz.getName().equals(Object.class.getName())==false){
for(Field origField:clazz.getDeclaredFields()){
Object value = null;
try {
origField.setAccessible(true);
value = origField.get(orig);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
setProperties(dest, origField.getName(), value);
}
clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
}
}
return dest;
}
在JaCoCo执行的时候，修改了字节码文件（比如添加了synthetic成员），导致了错误，因此如果修改的话，可以看到JDK 反射涉及的Class、Method、Field都有synthetic相关的处理，并且都有一个函数 boolean isSynthetic(); 用来判断一个类或者类的成员函数或者字段是不是合成的。如果JaCoCo上涉及反射的单测出错了，可以考虑用这个方法排除synthetic合成成员的干扰。
关于Java compiler synthetic的介绍：https://javapapers.com/core-java/java-synthetic-class-method-field/
这次排查这个问题耗费不少时间，有以下教训：自己给项目选用了JaCoCo做单测覆盖率统计插件，没有仔细阅读官方文档资料，以前没有太关注过一些官网上的FAQ，这是不正确的。很多问题FAQ上都表明了，所以要养成看FAQ的好习惯。另外，排查问题的时候，可以去所在的GitHub项目上，找一找对应的issues，往往能事半功倍。
![Java小案例——随机数猜测随机数猜测[图]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)