hashCode 和对象的内存地址

hashCode

文章目录

• ​​hashCode​​

• ​​hashCode 的生成逻辑​​
• ​​第 0 种算法​​
• ​​第 1 种算法​​
• ​​第 2 种算法​​
• ​​第 3 种算法​​
• ​​第 4 种算法​​
• ​​第 5 种算法​​

根据一定的规则将与对象相关的信息（比如对象的存储地址，对象的字段等）映射成一个数值，这个数值称作为散列值。

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object o = new Object();
        System.out.println(o);
        int hashCode = o.hashCode();
        //hashCode 16进制
        System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(hashCode));
        System.out.println(hashCode);
        //获取hashCode
        System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(o));

    }
      

@后面的为16进制的hashCode

hashCode 的生成逻辑

openjdk 源码里生成 hashCode 的核心方法

static inline intptr_t get_next_hash(Thread * Self, oop obj) {  
  intptr_t value = 0 ;  
  if (hashCode == 0) {  
     // This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,  
     // so it's possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.  
     // On MP system we'll have lots of RW access to a global, so the  
     // mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.  
     value = os::random() ;  
  } else  
  if (hashCode == 1) {  
     // This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)  
     // between STW operations.  This can be useful in some of the 1-0  
     // synchronization schemes.  
     intptr_t addrBits = intptr_t(obj) >> 3 ;  
     value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;  
  } else  
  if (hashCode == 2) {  
     value = 1 ;            // for sensitivity testing  
  } else  
  if (hashCode == 3) {  
     value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;  
  } else  
  if (hashCode == 4) {  
     value = intptr_t(obj) ;  
  } else {  
     // Marsaglia's xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state  
     // This is probably the best overall implementation -- we'll  
     // likely make this the default in future releases.  
     unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;  
     t ^= (t << 11) ;  
     Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;  
     Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;  
     Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;  
     unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;  
     v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;  
     Self->_hashStateW = v ;  
     value = v ;  
  }  
  
  value &= markOopDesc::hash_mask;  
  if (value == 0) value = 0xBAD ;  
  assert (value != markOopDesc::no_hash, "invariant") ;  
  TEVENT (hashCode: GENERATE) ;  
  return value;  
}  
      

从源码里可以发现，生成策略是由一个 hashCode 的全局变量控制的，默认为5；而这个变量的定义在另一个头文件里：

product(intx, hashCode, 5,                                              
         "(Unstable) select hashCode generation algorithm" )   
      

第 0 种算法

if (hashCode == 0) {  
     // This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,  
     // so it's possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.  
     // On MP system we'll have lots of RW access to a global, so the  
     // mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.  
     value = os::random();  
  }  
      

这种生成算法，使用的一种Park-Miller RNG的随机数生成策略。不过需要注意的是……这个随机算法在高并发的时候会出现自旋等待

第 1 种算法

if (hashCode == 1) {  
    // This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)  
    // between STW operations.  This can be useful in some of the 1-0  
    // synchronization schemes.  
    intptr_t addrBits = intptr_t(obj) >> 3 ;  
    value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;  
}  
      

这个算法，真的是对象的内存地址了，直接获取对象的 intptr_t 类型指针只不过封装了一下数字。

第 2 种算法

if (hashCode == 2) {  
    value = 1 ;            // for sensitivity testing  
}  
      

value = 1

第 3 种算法

if (hashCode == 3) {  
    value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;  
}  
      

第 4 种算法

{
    value = intptr_t(obj) ;  
}
      

第 5 种算法

// Marsaglia's xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state  
     // This is probably the best overall implementation -- we'll  
     // likely make this the default in future releases.  
     unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;  
     t ^= (t << 11) ;  
     Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;  
     Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;  
     Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;  
     unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;  
     v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;  
     Self->_hashStateW = v ;  
     value = v ;  
  }