在虚拟世界里,自然现象的实现是最需要实现的,比如天空的实现,以便反映是白天还是晚上,这样才逼真反映现实世界。在第二人生里实现的天空,还是比较好的,如下图所示:

蔡军生 2008/01/10 QQ:9073204 深圳 从上面的图片里,可以看到太阳在远处,并具有雾化的效果,这是早上太阳升起的效果。看到远处是浅蓝色的天空,与海边连接成一体。在室外场境的模拟中,最重要的就是天空体的实现。目前实现天空体有两种不同的实现方式:天体盒和天空穹。而第二人生里是采用天空盒的实现方式,这种方式是渲染的速度比较快,但纹理需要特别处理,才让人们看到的所有地方一样远的感觉。跟实现地面是一样的,都是使用网格和纹理来实现。下面就来通过代码仔细地分析怎么创建天空盒的网格,以及纹理的坐标设置。 #001 #002 BOOL LLVOSky::updateGeometry(LLDrawable *drawable) #003 { #004 if (mFace[FACE_REFLECTION] == NULL) #005 { #006 LLDrawPoolWater *poolp = (LLDrawPoolWater*) gPipeline.getPool(LLDrawPool::POOL_WATER); #007 mFace[FACE_REFLECTION] = drawable->addFace(poolp, NULL); #008 } 创建反射表面。 #009 #010 mCameraPosAgent = drawable->getPositionAgent(); #011 mEarthCenter.mV[0] = mCameraPosAgent.mV[0]; #012 mEarthCenter.mV[1] = mCameraPosAgent.mV[1]; #013 #014 LLVector3 v_agent[8]; #015 for (S32 i = 0; i < 8; ++i) #016 { #017 F32 x_sgn = (i&1) ? 1.f : -1.f; #018 F32 y_sgn = (i&2) ? 1.f : -1.f; #019 F32 z_sgn = (i&4) ? 1.f : -1.f; #020 v_agent[i] = HORIZON_DIST*0.25f * LLVector3(x_sgn, y_sgn, z_sgn); #021 } #022 #023 LLStrider<LLVector3> verticesp; #024 LLStrider<LLVector3> normalsp; #025 LLStrider<LLVector2> texCoordsp; #026 LLStrider<U32> indicesp; #027 S32 index_offset; #028 LLFace *face; #029 下面开始创建天空盒的6个平面。 #030 for (S32 side = 0; side < 6; ++side) #031 { #032 face = mFace[FACE_SIDE0 + side]; #033 #034 if (face->mVertexBuffer.isNull()) #035 { #036 face->setSize(4, 6); 设置每个表面有4个顶点构成,共有6个索引顶点。 #037 face->setGeomIndex(0); #038 face->setIndicesIndex(0); #039 face->mVertexBuffer = new LLVertexBuffer(LLDrawPoolSky::VERTEX_DATA_MASK, GL_STREAM_DRAW_ARB); #040 face->mVertexBuffer->allocateBuffer(4, 6, TRUE); 上面分配顶点缓冲区和索引缓冲区。 #041 #042 index_offset = face->getGeometry(verticesp,normalsp,texCoordsp, indicesp); #043 #044 S32 vtx = 0; #045 S32 curr_bit = side >> 1; // 0/1 = Z axis, 2/3 = Y, 4/5 = X #046 S32 side_dir = side & 1; // even - 0, odd - 1 #047 S32 i_bit = (curr_bit + 2) % 3; #048 S32 j_bit = (i_bit + 2) % 3; #049 #050 LLVector3 axis; #051 axis.mV[curr_bit] = 1; #052 face->mCenterAgent = (F32)((side_dir << 1) - 1) * axis * HORIZON_DIST; #053 #054 vtx = side_dir << curr_bit; #055 *(verticesp++) = v_agent[vtx]; #056 *(verticesp++) = v_agent[vtx | 1 << j_bit]; #057 *(verticesp++) = v_agent[vtx | 1 << i_bit]; #058 *(verticesp++) = v_agent[vtx | 1 << i_bit | 1 << j_bit]; 上面计算4个顶点坐标。 #059 #060 *(texCoordsp++) = TEX00; #061 *(texCoordsp++) = TEX01; #062 *(texCoordsp++) = TEX10; #063 *(texCoordsp++) = TEX11; #064 设置4个顶点的纹理坐标。 #065 // Triangles for each side #066 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 0; #067 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 1; #068 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 3; #069 #070 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 0; #071 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 3; #072 *indicesp++ = index_offset + 2; 上面设置每个表面由两个三角形构成索引。 #073 } #074 } #075 #076 const LLVector3 &look_at = gCamera->getAtAxis(); #077 LLVector3 right = look_at % LLVector3::z_axis; #078 LLVector3 up = right % look_at; #079 right.normVec(); #080 up.normVec(); #081 #082 const static F32 elevation_factor = 0.0f/sResolution; #083 const F32 cos_max_angle = cosHorizon(elevation_factor); #084 mSun.setDraw(updateHeavenlyBodyGeometry(drawable, FACE_SUN, TRUE, mSun, cos_max_angle, up, right)); #085 mMoon.setDraw(updateHeavenlyBodyGeometry(drawable, FACE_MOON, FALSE, mMoon, cos_max_angle, up, right)); #086 #087 const F32 water_height = gAgent.getRegion()->getWaterHeight() + 0.01f; #088 // gWorldPointer->getWaterHeight() + 0.01f; #089 const F32 camera_height = mCameraPosAgent.mV[2]; #090 const F32 height_above_water = camera_height - water_height; #091 #092 BOOL sun_flag = FALSE; #093 #094 if (mSun.isVisible()) #095 { #096 if (mMoon.isVisible()) #097 { #098 sun_flag = look_at * mSun.getDirection() > 0; #099 } #100 else #101 { #102 sun_flag = TRUE; #103 } #104 } #105 #106 if (height_above_water > 0) #107 { #108 #if 1 //1.9.1 #109 BOOL render_ref = gPipeline.getPool(LLDrawPool::POOL_WATER)->getVertexShaderLevel() == 0; #110 #else #111 BOOL render_ref = !(gPipeline.getVertexShaderLevel(LLPipeline::SHADER_ENVIRONMENT) >= LLDrawPoolWater::SHADER_LEVEL_RIPPLE); #112 #endif #113 if (sun_flag) #114 { #115 setDrawRefl(0); #116 if (render_ref) #117 { #118 updateReflectionGeometry(drawable, height_above_water, mSun); #119 } #120 } #121 else #122 { #123 setDrawRefl(1); #124 if (render_ref) #125 { #126 updateReflectionGeometry(drawable, height_above_water, mMoon); #127 } #128 } #129 } #130 else #131 { #132 setDrawRefl(-1); #133 } #134 #135 #136 LLPipeline::sCompiles++; #137 return TRUE; #138 } #139 上面计算太阳和月亮的出现位置以及光照效果。 通过上面的分析,了解天空体的网格创建,纹理坐标的设置,以及太阳、月亮的效果计算。