开发时数据库连接失败的解决办法

在开发过程中，突然发现自己和周围的小伙伴总有一定的概率连接不上，并且机会很随机，提示如下错误：

Caused by: org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Unable to open JDBC connection for schema management target
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.TargetDatabaseImpl.prepare(TargetDatabaseImpl.java:)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.doMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:)
    at org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate.execute(SchemaUpdate.java:)
    at org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate.execute(SchemaUpdate.java:)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:)
    ...  common frames omitted
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Error preloading the connection pool
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.getConnection(BasicDataSource.java:)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.getConnection(DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.java:)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator$ConnectionProviderJdbcConnectionAccess.obtainConnection(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.TargetDatabaseImpl.prepare(TargetDatabaseImpl.java:)
    ...  common frames omitted
Caused by: java.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Could not create connection to database server.
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DriverConnectionFactory.createConnection(DriverConnectionFactory.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolableConnectionFactory.makeObject(PoolableConnectionFactory.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPool.create(GenericObjectPool.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPool.addObject(GenericObjectPool.java:)
    at org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:)
    ...  common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: null
           

用Navicat for MySQL连接数据库，却又一切正常，不合理啊！

“ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException”，又是一个不正常的现象，连接数据库，跟数组还有关系吗？什么时候数据库连接还需要数组呢？什么时候数组还会越界呢？

继续看异常，还发现了“commons.pool2”的身影，那问题就很好解决了，找到连接池的配置文件，如下：

<bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    <property name="initialSize" value="50"/>
    <property name="maxIdle" value="50"/>
    <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="10000"/>
    <property name="maxTotal" value="100" />
</bean> 
           

那问题在哪里呢？启动时报错，只可能是initialSize的问（还有createDataSource的明证），将其改为10，提交代码管理库，再次启动，一切正常！

结论

在开发过程中，开发数据库的连接数量是有限的，大家一起申请大量的初始连接池，必然会导致数据库连接不够用。