用iterator遍历集合时碰到java.util.ConcurrentModificationException这个异常,
下面以List为例来解释为什么会报java.util.ConcurrentModificationException这个异常,代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> saveList=new ArrayList<>();
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int j=1; j < 100; j++) {
list.add(String.valueOf(j));
}
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
list.remove("50");
}
}
}
就是在遍历list的时候同时对list进行删除操作,就会报出java.util.ConcurrentModificationException,下面看一下 java.util. AbstractList 的内部类 Itr 的源码:
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
/**
* Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.
*/
int cursor = 0;
/**
* Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
* previous. Reset to -1 if this element is deleted by a call
* to remove.
*/
int lastRet = -1;
/**
* The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
* List should have. If this expectation is violated, the iterator
* has detected concurrent modification.
*/
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size();
}
public E next() {
checkForComodification(); //检测modCount和expectedModCount的值!!
try {
E next = get(cursor);
lastRet = cursor++;
return next;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
checkForComodification();
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet == -1)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet); //执行remove的操作
if (lastRet < cursor)
cursor--;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount; //保证了modCount和expectedModCount的值的一致性,避免抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount) //当modCount和expectedModCount值不相等时,则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
我们可以发现, ArrayList的remove方法只是修改了modCount的值,并没有修改expectedModCount,导致modCount和expectedModCount的值的不一致性,当next()时则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
因此使用Iterator遍历集合时,不要改动被迭代的对象,可以使用 Iterator 本身的方法 remove() 来删除对象,Iterator.remove() 方法会在删除当前迭代对象的同时维护modCount和expectedModCount值的一致性。知道问题的原因就好办了。
这里总共提供3中方式处理这个问题:
1、新建一个saveList对象用于保存要删除的值,等遍历完后调用list的removeAll方法删除:
for(String list1 : list){
if("50".equals(list1)){
saveList.add("50");
}
}
list.removeAll(saveList);
2、使用Iterator替代增强型for循环 ,Iterator.remove()方法保证了modCount和expectedModCount的值的一致性,避免抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
sss.remove();
}
}
以上俩种方式在单线程环境下不会有问题,但是在多线程并发执行的情况下还是会出现问题,所以就引入第三种方式:使用CopyOnWriteArrayList替代ArrayList:
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for (int j=1; j < 100; j++) {
list.add(String.valueOf(j));
}
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
list.remove("50");
}
}
}
CopyOnWriteArrayList也是一个线程安全的ArrayList,其实现原理在于,每次add,remove等所有的操作都是重新创建一个新的数组,再把引用指向新的数组。
由于我用CopyOnWriteArrayList少,这里就不多讨论了,想了解可以看: Java并发编程:并发容器之CopyOnWriteArrayList
对于hashMap也有类似的情况,看如下代码:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map=new HashMap<>();
for (int i=1; i < 100; i++) {
map.put(String.valueOf(i), "testMap");
}
//将map中key的值都加上tf56前缀
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
String value=map.get(key);
map.remove(key);
map.put("tf56" + key, value);
}
}
执行结果同样会抛出:java.util.ConcurrentModificationException异常,解决的办法也是非常的简单:
用ConcurrentHashMap代替HashMap即可完美解决:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map=new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
for (int i=1; i < 100; i++) {
map.put(String.valueOf(i), "testMap");
}
//将map中key的值都加上tf56前缀
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
String value=map.get(key);
map.remove(key);
map.put("tf56" + key, value);
}
}