用iterator周遊集合時碰到java.util.ConcurrentModificationException這個異常,
下面以List為例來解釋為什麼會報java.util.ConcurrentModificationException這個異常,代碼如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> saveList=new ArrayList<>();
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int j=1; j < 100; j++) {
list.add(String.valueOf(j));
}
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
list.remove("50");
}
}
}
就是在周遊list的時候同時對list進行删除操作,就會報出java.util.ConcurrentModificationException,下面看一下 java.util. AbstractList 的内部類 Itr 的源碼:
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
/**
* Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.
*/
int cursor = 0;
/**
* Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
* previous. Reset to -1 if this element is deleted by a call
* to remove.
*/
int lastRet = -1;
/**
* The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
* List should have. If this expectation is violated, the iterator
* has detected concurrent modification.
*/
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size();
}
public E next() {
checkForComodification(); //檢測modCount和expectedModCount的值!!
try {
E next = get(cursor);
lastRet = cursor++;
return next;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
checkForComodification();
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet == -1)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet); //執行remove的操作
if (lastRet < cursor)
cursor--;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount; //保證了modCount和expectedModCount的值的一緻性,避免抛出ConcurrentModificationException異常
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount) //當modCount和expectedModCount值不相等時,則抛出ConcurrentModificationException異常
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
我們可以發現, ArrayList的remove方法隻是修改了modCount的值,并沒有修改expectedModCount,導緻modCount和expectedModCount的值的不一緻性,當next()時則抛出ConcurrentModificationException異常
是以使用Iterator周遊集合時,不要改動被疊代的對象,可以使用 Iterator 本身的方法 remove() 來删除對象,Iterator.remove() 方法會在删除目前疊代對象的同時維護modCount和expectedModCount值的一緻性。知道問題的原因就好辦了。
這裡總共提供3中方式處理這個問題:
1、建立一個saveList對象用于儲存要删除的值,等周遊完後調用list的removeAll方法删除:
for(String list1 : list){
if("50".equals(list1)){
saveList.add("50");
}
}
list.removeAll(saveList);
2、使用Iterator替代增強型for循環 ,Iterator.remove()方法保證了modCount和expectedModCount的值的一緻性,避免抛出ConcurrentModificationException異常。
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
sss.remove();
}
}
以上倆種方式在單線程環境下不會有問題,但是在多線程并發執行的情況下還是會出現問題,是以就引入第三種方式:使用CopyOnWriteArrayList替代ArrayList:
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for (int j=1; j < 100; j++) {
list.add(String.valueOf(j));
}
Iterator<String> sss=list.iterator();
while (sss.hasNext()) {
if ("50".equals(sss.next())) {
list.remove("50");
}
}
}
CopyOnWriteArrayList也是一個線程安全的ArrayList,其實作原理在于,每次add,remove等所有的操作都是重新建立一個新的數組,再把引用指向新的數組。
由于我用CopyOnWriteArrayList少,這裡就不多讨論了,想了解可以看: Java并發程式設計:并發容器之CopyOnWriteArrayList
對于hashMap也有類似的情況,看如下代碼:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map=new HashMap<>();
for (int i=1; i < 100; i++) {
map.put(String.valueOf(i), "testMap");
}
//将map中key的值都加上tf56字首
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
String value=map.get(key);
map.remove(key);
map.put("tf56" + key, value);
}
}
執行結果同樣會抛出:java.util.ConcurrentModificationException異常,解決的辦法也是非常的簡單:
用ConcurrentHashMap代替HashMap即可完美解決:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map=new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
for (int i=1; i < 100; i++) {
map.put(String.valueOf(i), "testMap");
}
//将map中key的值都加上tf56字首
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
String value=map.get(key);
map.remove(key);
map.put("tf56" + key, value);
}
}