如果停止喝水会怎样 What if you stopped drinking water

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Every living organism we know of requires water to survive.

我们所知道的每一种生物都需要水才能生存。

It's part of the reason we look so feverishly for water on other planets across the universe and consume it consistently every day here on Earth.

这也是我们为什么如此热切地在宇宙其他星球中寻找水源，也是我们每天持续消耗它的原因。

So what would happen to your body if you stopped drinking water?

如果你停止喝水，会对身体有什么影响呢?

Of course, when we say"water" we're including all fluids which simply contain water, like juices, pop, or tea.

当然，当我们说“水”时，我们指的是所有含有水的液体，比如果汁、汽水或茶。

Much like the desire to breathe​ in oxygen, thirst is a survival instinct.

就像渴望吸入氧气一样，口渴是一种生存本能。

H20 is the most abundant molecule in the human body making up, on average, 65% of an adult.

H20 是人体中含量最多的分子，平均占成人的65%。

As a universal solvent, it carries nutrients and hormones through the body, regulates body temperature, cushions our joints and even lubricates our eyes.

作为一种通用的溶剂，它携带着营养物质和激素流过身体，调节体温，缓冲我们的关节，还可以润滑我们的眼睛。

You produce around 1.5 liters of urine every day, with another liter​ lost from breathing, sweating and. . . pooping.

你每天会产生大约1.5升的尿液，还有一升是由于呼吸、出汗和排便而流失的。

So it's essential that the body replaces this liquid.

所以身体必须要替换这些液体。

The thirst center​ of the brain is located in the hypothalamus and is constantly using sensors in your blood vessels to monitor the amount of sodium and other substances in your body.

大脑的“口渴中枢”位于下丘脑，它不断地在你的血管中使用传感器来监测你体内钠和其他物质的含量。

For example, if you sweat too much, your blood volume and pressure fall.

例如，如果你流汗过多，你的血量和血压就会下降。

The brain then detects this change and creates the urge to drink something, NOW!

大脑检测到这一转变的时候，就会催促你马上去补充水分！

So what happens if you are unable to satisfy this thirst?

如果你当时不能够马上喝水会怎么样？

The initial signs of dehydration are the obvious dry mouth, following which your urine becomes darker with a stronger odor, as your body attempts to conserve more fluids.

脱水的最初症状是明显的口干，随着身体试图保存更多的水分，你的尿液会变得更黑，气味更重。

The lack of H20 then begins to affect your brain.

H20 的缺乏开始影响你的大脑。

You might feel light-headed, have a slower response time and decreased ability to feel pain.

你可能会感到头晕，反应时间变长，感觉疼痛的能力下降。

In fact, when you're dehydrated, your brain tissue literally shrinks.

事实上，当你脱水时，你的脑组织会收缩。

In studies observing hydrated vs. dehydrated participants, the same task required more brainpower​ and oxygen in dehydrated individuals compared to those fully hydrated.

在观察水分充足者和脱水者的研究中，面对同样的任务，脱水者要比那些水分充足的人需要动用更多的脑力和氧气。

After a day or two with no fluids, ​ you'll stop peeing all together, have trouble swallowing, suffer from muscle spasms and likely experience nausea.

一两天不喝水，你就会完全排不出小便，吞咽困难，肌肉痉挛，可能还会感到恶心。

After all, your body can survive without food much longer, and attention to digestion is not a priority at this point.

毕竟，你的身体可以在没有食物的情况下存活更长时间，此时，注意消化并不是当务之急。

Eventually, victims may become delirious with severely impaired brain function.

最终，受害者可能会神志不清，大脑功能严重受损。

Interestingly, studies looking at elderly patients who suffer from delirium found that many are simply suffering from chronic dehydration in the first place.

有趣的是，对老年精神错乱患者的研究发现，许多人一开始只是患有慢性脱水症。

After even more time without water, the blood stops flowing to your skin, reducing heat loss but increasing your core body temperature.

在更长时间的缺水之后，血液不再流向皮肤，减少热量损失，但核心体温会增加。

This can lead to a grey-blueish tinge to your skin.

这会让你的皮肤呈现灰蓝色。

Beyond 3-5 days without water, and your body will begin to shut down its​ organs, and eventually the brain.

超过3-5天没有水，你的身体会让器官停止工作，最终停止工作的是大脑。

Of course, unlike the plentiful oxygen we breathe​, only 2.5% of all Earth's water is fresh, most of which is locked up in glaciers, ice caps and underground lakes known as aquifers, leaving less than 1% available for drinking.

当然，与丰富的氧气不同的是，地球上只有2.5%的水是淡水，其中大部分被锁在冰川、冰盖和被称为含水层的地下湖泊中，剩下只有不到1%的可饮用水。

And most of this water is actually used to grow crops; approximately 500 billion liters of freshwater​ is used daily for agriculture in the USA alone, with another 500 billion liters to cool electric power plants.

大部分的水资源都用来种植庄稼。仅在美国，每天就有大约5000亿升的淡水被用于农业生产，另外5000亿升用于冷却发电厂。

And as our personal drinking sources become increasingly contaminated, over 783 million people on earth are unable to access clean water.

随着我们个人饮用水源日益受到污染，地球上有超过7.83亿人无法获得洁净的水。

Scientists around the world are trying to find solutions to this problem, from attempts to remove salt from ocean water, tap into underground aquifers and creating innovative water filtration systems.

世界各地的科学家正试图找到解决这个问题的办法，从海水中去除盐分，开采地下含水层，并建立创新的水过滤系统。 每听

​If we look to space, NASA has developed technology for astronauts to turn their urine into water more pure than what we drink on earth.

如果我们把目光投向太空，美国宇航局已经开发出一种技术，可以让宇航员把尿液变成比地球上喝的水更纯净。

But we can't just rely on science and technology, perhaps the solution relies on us as a species to understand and contribute to this global water crisis.

但是，我们不能仅仅依靠科学和技术，也许解决方案依赖于我们作为一个物种来理解并为这场全球水资源危机做出贡献。

If you want to help in the mission to end global thirst, join in World Water Day on March 22nd.

如果你想帮助解决全球缺水问题，请参加3月22日的世界水日。

There are a lot of really amazing projects out there, like Water. org or even the awesome UNICEF app which donates 1 day of clean water to child in need, for every 10 minutes you put your phone down.

这天会有很多很棒的项目，例如，Water. org 还有很棒的联合国儿童基金会的应用程序，只要你每放下手机10分钟，它就会向需要帮助的儿童捐赠1天的净水。

We'll leave links in the description for these and other great water charities.

链接在描述栏中。

Small investments really do make a huge difference.

小额投资确实会带来巨大的不同。

We'll be donating all the proceeds from this video to a water project close to us called Morocco 5 Villages, so thanks for supporting and watching.

我们将把这段视频的所有收益捐给我们附近的一个名为“摩洛哥5村”的水利项目，感谢大家的支持和观看。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos!

订阅我们，每周都有新的科学视频！