12.10 Nginx访问日志
·日志格式：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 搜索log_format
（虽然红框中有三行，但实际上时一行配置，以分号为结尾）
combined_realip 定义日志格式名字，此处定义成什么，那么后面引用时就要写成什么
公网ip(出口ip)
·除了在主配置文件nginx.conf里定义日志格式外，还需要在虚拟主机配置文件中增加
access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip
（日志名称可以自己定义，combined_realip就是nginx.conf中的日志格式名）
[root@localhost vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test3.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:35:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:35:56 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location:
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:36:21 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 15:39:53 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa7f0c9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@localhost vhost]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:35:56 +0800] test2.com "/admin/index.html" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:36:21 +0800] test.com "/admin/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 12.11 Nginx日志切割
创建shell脚本：
[root@localhost vhost]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d` 为了生成昨天的日期
logdir="/tmp/" 存放日志的目录
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" 找pid为了重新加载以便重新写新的日志（日志pid）
cd $logdir 进入到日志文件夹
for log in `ls *.log` 在运行目录logdir下都有哪些文件，每个文件作为一次循环的对象
do
mv $log $log-$d 所有log改名字，以昨天的日期为后缀
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid` 重新加载，生成新的test.com.log
[root@localhost vhost]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh ##sh -x 运行可查看过程
++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d
+ d=20180313
+ logdir=/tmp/
+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ cd /tmp/
++ ls test.com.log
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv test.com.log test.com.log-20180313
++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ /bin/kill -HUP 823 一段时间后删除早前的log文件
find /tmp/ -name *.log-* -type f -mtime +30 | xarge rm
任务计划：（每天凌晨零点开始执行）
[root@localhost vhost]# crontab -e
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
12.12 静态文件不记录日志和过期时间
location ~ 精准匹配 任意一个以 .gif或jpg或jpeg或png或bmp或swf 为结尾的文件
expires 配置过期时间
access_log 是否记录访问日志
由于配置过期时间不同，因此分开写上下两段，js|css和上面分开
创建1.gif和2.js文件，模拟虚拟服务器中有这两种格式文件，我们来访问他们，在访问同一个虚拟主机中的index.html文件，查看log文件，可以看出，log不会记录指定格式的静态文件
[root@localhost vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/test.com/
[root@localhost test.com]# vim 1.gif
[root@localhost test.com]# vim 2.js
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.gif
ifjasdfajsdfladskf
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.js
dlkfjad;slkfja;lk
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/index.html
test.com
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/index.html
test.com
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:36 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 如果js后面跟一些其他字符，就无法匹配规则，因此会记录
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.jsdafafa
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.2</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:36 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:36:25 +0800] test.com "/2.jsdafafa" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 过期时间：
如果去掉配置文件中的 expires，那么不会有过期时间
[root@localhost test.com]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
[root@localhost test.com]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.js -I