12.10 Nginx通路日志
·日志格式：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 搜尋log_format
（雖然紅框中有三行，但實際上時一行配置，以分号為結尾）
combined_realip 定義日志格式名字，此處定義成什麼，那麼後面引用時就要寫成什麼
公網ip(出口ip)
·除了在主配置檔案nginx.conf裡定義日志格式外，還需要在虛拟主機配置檔案中增加
access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip
（日志名稱可以自己定義，combined_realip就是nginx.conf中的日志格式名）
[root@localhost vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test3.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:35:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:35:56 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location:
[root@localhost vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:36:21 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 15:39:53 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa7f0c9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@localhost vhost]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:35:56 +0800] test2.com "/admin/index.html" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:36:21 +0800] test.com "/admin/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 12.11 Nginx日志切割
建立shell腳本：
[root@localhost vhost]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d` 為了生成昨天的日期
logdir="/tmp/" 存放日志的目錄
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" 找pid為了重新加載以便重新寫新的日志（日志pid）
cd $logdir 進入到日志檔案夾
for log in `ls *.log` 在運作目錄logdir下都有哪些檔案，每個檔案作為一次循環的對象
do
mv $log $log-$d 所有log改名字，以昨天的日期為字尾
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid` 重新加載，生成新的test.com.log
[root@localhost vhost]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh ##sh -x 運作可檢視過程
++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d
+ d=20180313
+ logdir=/tmp/
+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ cd /tmp/
++ ls test.com.log
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv test.com.log test.com.log-20180313
++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ /bin/kill -HUP 823 一段時間後删除早前的log檔案
find /tmp/ -name *.log-* -type f -mtime +30 | xarge rm
任務計劃：（每天淩晨零點開始執行）
[root@localhost vhost]# crontab -e
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
12.12 靜态檔案不記錄日志和過期時間
location ~ 精準比對 任意一個以 .gif或jpg或jpeg或png或bmp或swf 為結尾的檔案
expires 配置過期時間
access_log 是否記錄通路日志
由于配置過期時間不同，是以分開寫上下兩段，js|css和上面分開
建立1.gif和2.js檔案，模拟虛拟伺服器中有這兩種格式檔案，我們來通路他們，在通路同一個虛拟主機中的index.html檔案，檢視log檔案，可以看出，log不會記錄指定格式的靜态檔案
[root@localhost vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/test.com/
[root@localhost test.com]# vim 1.gif
[root@localhost test.com]# vim 2.js
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.gif
ifjasdfajsdfladskf
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.js
dlkfjad;slkfja;lk
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/index.html
test.com
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/index.html
test.com
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:36 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 如果js後面跟一些其他字元，就無法比對規則，是以會記錄
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.jsdafafa
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.2</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost test.com]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:25 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:33:36 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:36:25 +0800] test.com "/2.jsdafafa" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 過期時間：
如果去掉配置檔案中的 expires，那麼不會有過期時間
[root@localhost test.com]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
[root@localhost test.com]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.js -I