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静态路由(Static routes)

一、在下列情况下,可使用静态路由:

1、链路的带宽较低(如拨号链路),不希望它们传输动态路由选择更新。

2、管理员想完全控制路由器使用的路由。

3、需要为动态路由提供一条备用路由。

4、前往只有一条路径可以到达的网络(末节网络)时。

5、路由器不够强大,没有足够的CPU或内存资源来运行动态路由选择协议。

6、需要让路由器看来,路由是一个直连网络。

二、配置静态路由:

1、网络拓扑:

静态路由(Static routes)

2、RA的配置如下:

Router(config)#hostname RA

RA(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

RA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

RA(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

RA(config-if)#exit

RA(config)#interface serial 0

RA(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252

RA(config-if)#clock rate 64000

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

RA(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2

RA(config)#exit

RA#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?

Building configuration...

[OK]

===================================================================

3、RB的配置如下:

Router(config)#hostname RB

RB(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

RB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

RB(config-if)#no shutdown

RB(config-if)#exit

RB(config)#interface serial 0

RB(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252

RB(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1

RB(config)#exit

RB#copy run start

4、验证以上配置:

RA:

RA#show ip route 

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

       U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0

     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0

S    192.168.10.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2

RA#ping 192.168.10.1 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

RA#ping 192.168.20.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

RA#ping 10.10.10.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

RA#ping 10.10.10.2

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

RB:

RB#show ip route

C    192.168.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0

S    192.168.20.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1

RB#ping 192.168.20.1

RB#ping 192.168.10.1

RB#ping 10.10.10.2

RB#ping 10.10.10.1

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