【JAVA学习笔记】个人设定

1.简介：

以前你想让程序记住用户自定义的习惯，比如界面字体等，你使用一个配置文件，但是在维护多个用户或出现误拼写时还是力不从心。而java.util.prefs包则提供了便利。在线文档写的非常糟糕，将java.util.prefs这个类描述为“a node in a hierarchical collection of preference data”，还说“there are two separate trees of preference nodes, one for user preferences and one for system preferences.”

这个其实没有那么抽象。

2.使用：

创建Preferences对象的方法是使用静态方法userNodeForPackage()。这个方法要求有一个类对象（通过getClass()方法得到）作为它唯一的参数，系统以便确定某个类是驻留在某个包上的，它返回Preferences对象，这个对象可以从那个包中返回用户设定的偏好信息。由于所有程序一般都使用它们自己的包名，这样references对象间就不会冲突了。userNodeForPackage()方法对每个用户返回不同的Preferences对象，因此同一个程序的不同用户也不会冲突。

偏好信息是以键值对的形式存储的，存储偏好设定使用put()方法，取出偏好设定使用get()方法，使用时需要有一个默认值提供。针对int的putInt方法也可以使用。相似的，

    * boolean - putBoolean() and getBoolean()

    * long - putLong() and getLong()

    * float - putFloat() and getFloat()

    * double - putDouble() and getDouble())

clear()则清除这个键值对。

3.举例：

import java.util.prefs.*;

/**

  * Simple demonstration of the most common usage of the Java

  * Preferences API using the user and package based storage

  * node. This app uses the user tree to avoid collisions with

  * other users and uses the package name, as is conventional,

  * to avoid collisions with other applications in other packages.

  *

  * This is a simple command-line application. It stores only one

  * key/value pair, in which key is the string "PrefsValue".

  * Argument 1 may be either "get", "clear", or "put".

  * If "get", the value stored under the key "PrefsValue" is

  * fetched and displayed.

  * If "clear", all prefs items for this package are cleared.

  * If "put", the second command-line argument provides the value

  * to be stored. If the second argument is null, a suitable default

  * value is used.

  * If "get" is requested the first time this application is run

  * or after a "clear" operation, a suitable default value is

  * returned.

**/

public class PrefsDemo {

  // Define constants for the three possible operations.

  private static final int GET   = 1;

  private static final int CLEAR = 2;

  private static final int PUT   = 3;

  /** Constructs the PrefsDemo application. **/

  public PrefsDemo (String[] args) {

    // Get the preferences node for this user and this package.

    Preferences prefs = Preferences.userNodeForPackage (getClass ());

    // Decode the command-line arguments.

    String command  = null;

    String param2   = null;

    String param3   = null;

    String newvalue = null;

    boolean export  = false;

    System.err.println ("");

    if (args.length == 0) {

        System.err.println ("No command given, assuming 'get'");

        command = "get";

    }

    else if (args.length == 1) {

        command = args[0];

    else if (args.length == 2) {

        param2  = args[1];

    else if (args.length == 3) {

        param3  = args[2];

    // Turn the string commands into ints so they can be used

    // in a switch.

    int operation;

    if (command.equals ("get")) {

        operation = GET;

    else if (command.equals ("clear")) {

        operation = CLEAR;

    else if (command.equals ("put")) {

        operation = PUT;

        newvalue =

          param2!=null ? param2 : "you forgot the value, dummy";

    else {

        System.err.println

          ("Don't understand command '" + command + "', assuming 'get'");

    // See if the 2nd parameter (for GET and CLEAR) or

    // 3rd parameter (for PUT) is the string "export".

    if (operation == GET || operation == CLEAR) {

        export = "export".equalsIgnoreCase (param2);

    else if (operation == PUT) {

        export = "export".equalsIgnoreCase (param3);

    // Do the operation requested by the command-line argument(s).

    switch (operation) {

      case CLEAR:

        System.err.println ("Clearing preferences");

        try {

          prefs.clear ();

        }

        catch (BackingStoreException bse) {

          System.err.println (bse);

        break;

      case GET:

        String prefs_value = prefs.get ("PrefsValue", "default value");

          ("Got PrefsValue `" + prefs_value + "' from prefs");

      case PUT:

        System.err.println ("Putting `" + newvalue + "' into prefs");

        prefs.put ("PrefsValue", newvalue);

        int num_puts = prefs.getInt ("num_puts", 0);

        prefs.putInt ("num_puts", num_puts+1);

          ("Number of puts since clear is " + (num_puts+1));

    } // switch

    if (export) {

          prefs.exportNode (System.out);

        catch (java.io.IOException ioe) {

          System.err.println (ioe);

  } // ctor

  public static void main (String[] args) {

    new PrefsDemo (args);

  } // main

}   // class PrefsDemoApp

下边这篇文字更为详细的介绍了个人偏好设定这个话题：

http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/releases/preferences/