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[零基础学JAVA]Java SE面向对象部分-19.面向对象高级(07)

上季内容回顾:

代理设计、适配器设计 

抽象类和接口的区别

本季主要知识点:

本季以题目讲解为主,详细的讲解了抽象类和接口的实际应用及典型的实例分析。

练习题一

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192366Af4m.png"></a>

abstract class Employee    

{    

        private String name;    

        private int age;    

        private String sex;    

        public Employee(){}    

        public Employee(String name,int age,String sex)    

        {    

                this.setName(name);    

                this.setAge(age);    

                this.setSex(sex);    

        }    

        public void setName(String name)    

                this.name = name;    

        public void setAge(int age)    

                this.age = age;    

        public void setSex(String sex)    

                this.sex = sex;    

        public String getName()    

                return this.name;    

        public int getAge()    

                return this.age;    

        public String getSex()    

                return this.sex;    

        //显示数据    

        public abstract String getInfo();    

}    

class Manager extends Employee    

        //职务    

        private String job;    

        //年薪    

        private float income;    

        public Manager(){}    

        public Manager(String name,int age,String sex,String job,float income)    

                super(name,age,sex);    

                this.setJob(job);    

                this.setIncome(income);    

        public void setJob(String job)    

                this.job = job;    

        public void setIncome(float income)    

                this.income = income;    

        public String getJob()    

                return this.job;    

        public float getIncome()    

                return this.income;    

        public String getInfo()    

                return "管理层信息:"+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 姓名: "+super.getName()+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 年龄: "+super.getAge()+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 性别: "+super.getSex()+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 职务: "+this.getJob()+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 年薪: "+this.getIncome();    

class Worker extends Employee    

        private String dept;    

        private float salary;    

        public Worker(){}    

        public Worker(String name,int age,String sex,String dept,float salary)    

                this.setDept(dept);    

                this.setSalary(salary);    

        public void setDept(String dept)    

                this.dept = dept;    

        public void setSalary(float salary)    

                this.salary = salary;    

        public String getDept()    

                return this.dept;    

        public float getSalary()    

                return this.salary;    

                return "职员信息:"+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 部门: "+this.getDept()+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 月薪: "+this.getSalary();    

public class Demo01    

        public static void main(String args[])    

                Employee w = new Worker("张三",30,"男","技术部",5000.0f);    

                Employee m = new Manager("李四",35,"女","经理",10000.0f);    

                System.out.println(w.getInfo());    

                System.out.println(m.getInfo());    

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192368AGw7.png"></a>

练习题二(重点来咯~~~)

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192369k4sw.png"></a>

分析: 

  只要是宠物则肯定可以向宠物商店中加入 

   猫  --&gt; 宠物 

   狗  --&gt; 宠物 

  宠物商店存放宠物

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192370oHuA.png"></a>

五种宠物?如果说不是五种,可能是更多种了,那该如何? 

  5种宠物 --&gt; 5个接口对象 --&gt; 对象数组

//宠物    

interface Pet    

//宠物商店    

class PetShop    

//小狗    

class Dog implements Pet    

//小猫    

class Cat implements Pet    

}

宠物信息:  

· 名字  

· 年龄 

· 颜色 

· 价钱 

还应该具备一个返回全部信息的方法。

我们继续看下面哈~

        //返回宠物的名字    

        public String getName();    

        //返回宠物的年龄    

        public int getAge();    

        //返回宠物的颜色    

        public String getColor();    

        //返回宠物的价钱    

        public float getPrice();    

        //返回宠物的全套信息    

        public String getInfo();    

        //必须有一个对象数组可以保存全部的宠物    

        private Pet p[] = null;    

        //必须定义一个当前已经加到了多少个宠物    

        private int foot = 0;    

        //对象数组的大小,可以由程序运行时动态分配    

        //len表示对象数组的长度    

        public PetShop(int len)    

                //动态得开辟了对象数组空间    

                this.p = new Pet[len];    

        //增加宠物    

        //假设说宠物商店里面的宠物已经够多了,那还可以继续增加吗?    

        public boolean add(Pet p)    

                if (this.foot&lt;this.p.length)    

                {    

                        //还有地方加入宠物    

                        this.p[foot] = p;    

                        //宠物数量增加    

                        this.foot++;    

                        return true;    

                }    

                else    

                        return false;    

        //查找宠物信息的方法    

        public Pet[] search(String keyWord)    

                //要返回的对象数组    

                Pet pet[] = null;    

                //最后要根据count的内容开辟对象数组pet,把此数组返回    

                int count =0;    

                //pet的大小是否确定呢?    

                //先求出符合关键字的全部宠物信息    

                //循环验证    

                for (int i=0;i&lt;this.p.length ;i++ )    

                        //判断返回的信息是否有指定的关键字存在    

                        if (this.p[i].getInfo().indexOf(keyWord)!=-1)    

                        {    

                                //如果不等于-1,表示已经找到了    

                                //就表示可以增加一个记录    

                                count++;    

                        }    

                //经过以上代码之后,肯定count包含了全部已经满足要求的宠物信息个数    

                if (count!=0)    

                        //已经有内容    

                        pet = new Pet[count];    

                        count = 0;    

                        //还需要重新循环一次    

                        for (int i=0;i&lt;this.p.length;i++)    

                                //判断返回的信息是否有指定的关键字存在    

                                if(this.p[i].getInfo().indexOf(keyWord)!=-1)    

                                {    

                                        //如果不等于-1,表示已经查找到了    

                                        //表示向返回的对象数组中加入内容    

                                        pet[count]=this.p[i];    

                                }    

                        //表示全部符合要求的对象数组    

                        return pet;    

                        //表示没有查询到内容    

                        return null;    

        private String color;    

        private float price;    

        //加入两个构造方法    

        public Dog(){}    

        public Dog(String name,int age,String color,float price)    

                this.setColor(color);    

                this.setPrice(price);    

        public void setColor(String color)    

                this.color = color;    

        public void setPrice(float price)    

                this.price = price;    

        public String getColor()    

                return this.color;    

        public float getPrice()    

                return this.price;    

                return "狗的信息:"+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 狗的名字: "+this.name+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 狗的颜色: "+this.color+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 狗的年龄: "+this.age+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 狗的价格: "+this.price+"\n";    

        public Cat(){}    

        public Cat(String name,int age,String color,float price)    

                return "猫的信息:"+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 猫的名字: "+this.name+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 猫的颜色: "+this.color+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 猫的年龄: "+this.age+"\n"    

                                +"\t|- 猫的价格: "+this.price+"\n";    

//编写主方法进行测试    

public class Demo02    

                //指定里面存放宠物的个数    

                PetShop shop = new PetShop(5);    

                //向商店中增加宠物    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Dog("拉布拉多",3,"黄色",5000.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Cat("黑猫",2,"黑色",500.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Dog("美卡",1,"金色",2000.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Cat("波斯猫",2,"白色",2800.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Dog("哈巴狗",3,"棕色",120.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                //这个是第六个宠物,已经放不下了,所以就不放了    

                System.out.println(shop.add(new Dog("人造狗",1,"杂色",10.0f))?"添加宠物成功!":"添加宠物失败!");    

                //增加成功之后进行查询    

                //返回的应该是一个对象数组(即接口数组)    

                Pet p[] = shop.search("狗");    

                for (int i=0;i&lt;p.length ;i++ )    

                        System.out.println(p[i].getInfo());    

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192372erqv.png"></a>

出现空指向错误哈~主要原因在于count的值没有改变,则其他的元素都是null,我们加入count++就可以了哈~

                                        // count的值没有改变,则其他的元素都是null    

                                        count++;    

现在我们就查出了带狗的信息哈~~~

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192375QuP2.png"></a>

如果我们要查找带卡的宠物呢?

                Pet p[] = shop.search("卡");    

<a href="http://redking.blog.51cto.com/attachment/200902/9/27212_1234192377SvZy.png"></a>

思想总结出来: 

  一切就是操作接口,本程序如果可以清楚的掌握,并且可以写出类似的题目,则基本的概念就算具备了。

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