Zhang Jiao used more than ten years to gather hundreds of thousands of people in the form of preaching, and prepared to launch an uprising on March 5, 184, together with the Zhongchang attendants Fengxu and Xu Feng, who were co-opted by him.
However, due to Tang Zhou's rebellion, Dafang Ma Yuanyi and more than a thousand followers were killed, and Zhang Jiao had to move in advance to kill the officials and sacrifice the heavens.
Emperor Liu Hong of the Han Dynasty issued an urgent order: With Yin Hejin of Henan as the general, he would make bingtun Duting. Set up eight levels of lieutenant officers... Lu Zhi was sent to The North Zhonglang to beg Zhang Jiao, the left zhonglang to beg Huang Fusong, and the right middle lang to beg Zhu Juan for the Yingchuan Yellow Turban.
This is the prelude to the Yellow Turban Rebellion, from which several messages can be obtained:
Zhang Jiao was well prepared; the uprising was launched in a hurry; the officers and soldiers were divided into two routes.
I will talk about the process of quelling the chaos while talking about the causes of the uprising.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="38" > Lu Zhi</h1>
In the process of crusading against the Yellow Turban, Lu Zhi's task was the heaviest and the role was also the greatest, facing Zhang Jiao's main force, he used a devastating and decadent offensive to win consecutive battles, forcing Zhang Jiao all the way into Guangzong City.
Historical records are very brief about this record, of course, we can think that the main force of the Yellow Turban Army has no military quality, and it is vulnerable to fighting, but when we understand the achievements of all the Yellow Turban Army, can we also see Lu Zhi's terrible?
After retreating to Guangzong, Zhang Jiao, relying on the strength of the city and the abundance of food, chose to hold on.
You know, in ancient wars, the most difficult thing is to attack the city, not to mention the siege of Xingyang, the battle of Kunyang, including the later hongdu miracle, Ningyuan victory these classic battles, even cao Cao and other military experts often look at the city and sigh, and even lost their souls by Zhao Yun's "empty city plan".
It can be said that in the face of strong walls and guards with a little brain, the role of the art of war is only a little greater than that of "farts".
But Lu Zhi did not give up, he led his army to besiege the city, began to dig trenches, make siege equipment, and wait for the opportunity.
It's just that these pure manual operations take a lot of time, and Liu Hong, the Han Ling Emperor of the imperial capital, did pay money, but his stingy nature could not be changed, and when he saw that the army was surrounded but not attacked, he sent his subordinate Xiao huangmen Zuo Feng to the front line to inspect.
Presumably, you also understand that as soon as the "little yellow door" comes out, bad things will come, although the party seems to have been lifted, but the eunuchs and most of the scholars, there is no way to urinate into a pot.
Because Lu Zhi was a gentleman, even if someone pointed out the bright avenue of "bribery", he insisted on the "excuse" of the shortage of military expenses and the fact that soldiers could not run to a well-off life, so that the Zuo Gonggong ate the soil all the way and patted his ass to go back to his life.
It can be seen that although the eunuch lacked parts, he did not lack heart and eyes, and he did not directly say that Emperor Fusong was passive and sluggish, but he poked Liu Hong's sore spot every word.
Liu Hong, who did not seem to lack parts, obviously lacked heart and eyes, and he did not send another person who knew a little military to verify, and he did not let the Zuo Gonggong who despised the Yellow Turban Army lead the army to go out on the expedition, but directly removed Lu Zhi from his post on the charge of "fearing the enemy and staying", escorted him back in a prison cart, and gave him a heavy sentence of "reducing the death penalty by one degree".
At this point, Lu Zhi's road to counterinsurgency was over, but his will was still there, and it was the later Emperor Fusong who used Lu Zhi's method to break Guangzong City.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="196" > 2, Dong Zhuo</h1>
Before Lu Zhizhi was dismissed and Huang Fusong took over as the commander-in-chief of the front, the successor that Emperor Liu Hong of Hanling thought of was Dong Zhuo, a guy who threatened the northwest.
Many Three Kingdoms fans believe that the real Dong Zhuo is a cruel and murderous, shameless and lustful fat man, and has no brains, which is only half right, Dong Zhuo "less good narrow ... Rough and fierce, and scheming", Li Ru in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is often considered to be Dong Zhuo's brain, and friends who know Dong Zhuo's historical image know that his IQ is definitely not low, at least above the average line of the generals.
I have mentioned many times that theory is the foundation, practice is the king, don't look at Dong Zhuo in the northwest almost no one can stop, but in the Central Plains, he is Xiao Bai, the main reason is that the Central Plains have a "city".
Dong Zhuo, who was accustomed to beating nomads, was originally full of ambition, thinking that Zhang Jiao was out of the question, and the Hu people were scared by him to wet their pants, what is this gang of farmers? But he hadn't fought much siege warfare, and he hadn't even seen such a strong city. "Wangcheng Xing sighed", describing Dong Zhuo at that time, could not be more accurate.
Dong Zhuo decided to abandon Guangzong and turn to Lower Quyang to attack Zhang Bao, but even if he changed the target of attack, he could not take off the title of "Siege Xiaobai".
Dong Zhuo, who could not attack for a long time, began to panic, which was beyond his cognitive range;
The soldiers of the Yellow Turban Army began to get excited, because they thought that the commander-in-chief sent by Han Ting was actually a fool.
Therefore, Zhang Bao led his troops and launched an attack on Dong Zhuo, and Guangzong's Yellow Turban Army also saw the opportunity, rushed out of the city to kill, and advanced in two ways to relieve the siege of Ercheng.
In just two months, Dong Zhuo was replaced, and Liu Hong gave him the same treatment as Lu Zhi.
Let me talk to you about a question I saw:
One of the reasons for the defeat of the Yellow Turban Army is that "they fought separately and did not cooperate", that is probably to miss this paragraph, Zhang Jiao, when he retreated into Guangzong, let his younger brother Zhang Bao garrison Quyang, and the two troops formed horns with each other.
Most of the time, the Yellow Turban Army is defending the city, and there is no foreign assistance, this is not that the Yellow Turban Army does not know how to cooperate, but no army can break through the encirclement, coupled with the resistance of local forces, resulting in fighting everywhere, there is no extra strength at all.
Then again, Dong Zhuo lost, it was Liu Hong's turn to have a headache, fortunately, Emperor Fusong's attack went smoothly, so he simply asked him to replace Lu Zhi and Dong Zhuo to take on the heavy responsibility of eliminating Zhang Jiao.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="197" >3, Huang Fusong</h1>
I have already talked to you about the Battle of Changshe before, so I will not dwell on it here, but only that the counterinsurgency troops hit the iron while it was hot, and under the leadership of Emperor Fusong and Zhu Juan, attacked Runan and Chen Guo, and then defeated Bocai again at Yang Zhai, and then broke the Yellow Turban Canal marshal Peng Tuo in Xihua.
After this battle, Emperor Fusong and Zhu Juan divided their forces into two places, the former moving north to attack the rebels in Dong County.
For the Battle of Cangting that occurred in August 184, the historical data is also a stroke: Emperor Fu Songsheng captured the Yellow Turban Army, Shuai Bu, and slaughtered more than 7,000 Yellow Turban troops. The momentum was no different.
Emperor Hanling saw that Emperor Fusong was so fierce, and urgently ordered him to continue north and take over the mess left by Dong Zhuo.
Perhaps it was Cang Tian who heard Liu Hong's prayer and made him wait for the "thunder" that Zuo Feng "predicted"—Zhang Jiao was dead.
You must know that the Yellow Turban Army is based on religion, and in the eyes of the believers, Zhang Jiao is a god, a god who heals and saves people and does not invade all diseases, but such a god is sick and dead...
I once said that when the faith of the Yellow Turban soldiers collapses, there will be two extremes, one is to collapse, like the Bocai Army; the other is to unite as one, put it to death and be born later, they know that there is no way to retreat, horizontal and vertical are dead, it is better to do what he is!
Obviously, Guangzong's Yellow Turban Army belonged to the second type.
Although Zhang Jiao died, Zhang Liang, who succeeded him, was not given in vain, and in the face of the famous general Huang Fusong, he actually chose to take the initiative to attack, and did not let Huang Fusong take advantage of it in the slightest.
At this time, Huang Fusong realized that it was not possible to fight hard, and it depended on the brain.
Thinking about it, Huang Fusong thought that Lu Zhi's method was the most reliable, so he didn't care about the Yellow Turban Army that was cursed in front of the camp, and even more regardless of the Han Ling Emperor in Luoyang, who was about to die in a hurry, ordered the camp door to be closed, recuperate, and those who dared to speak softly about the battle would not be forgiven!
Huang Fusong's approach made the Yellow Turban Army in the city very uncomfortable, and the Yellow Turban Army that opened up was eager to fight, and once that momentum was exhausted, the combat effectiveness would decline rapidly, and the psychological doubts or resentments would become more and more intense.
Emperor Fusong knew this well, and when he found that the defenders had slackened, he deployed his army at night and launched a general attack before dawn.
The victory and defeat had lost suspense from the very beginning, and the Yellow Turban Army, which had recently been able to stand with Emperor Fusong, had become a lamb to be slaughtered.
Zhang Liang saw that the general situation had gone, and ordered him to abandon the city and flee for his life, but unfortunately it was too late, and even he himself died in the rebellion.
The remnants of the Yellow Turban, who escaped from the city, continued their nightmares, the gushing water of the Yellow River cut off their way of life, and more than 50,000 people jumped into the Yellow River under the pursuit of the officers and soldiers...
After the destruction of the city, Emperor Fusong pried open Zhang Jiao's coffin, and after a cruel whipping, cut off his head and sent it to the capital, where the Han Ling Emperor hung it at the head of the city to show the strength of the Han Dynasty.
Huang Fusong did not stop, but together with the giant deer Taishou Guodian, attacked Xiaquyang, killed Zhang Bao, captured more than 100,000 people, and built a "Jingguan" with bones.
The victory of the Han army benefited from the command of Emperor Fusong, but the greatest hero was Lu Zhi.
Emperor Fusong was well aware of this, so he wrote to Liu Hong and gave the credit for the counterinsurgency to Lu Zhi, who was reinstated as an official.
Emperor Fusong himself was also promoted to the rank of General of the Left Horse Riding for his merits, leading the Ji Prefecture Pastor, and sealing the Marquis of Huaili.
After that, Huang Fusong also won the gift of "one year's tax reduction" for the people of Jizhou, which also made those who had been washed in blood breathe.
Later, the people composed a song: "The world is in chaos and the city is a ruin, the mother does not protect her son, the wife loses her husband, and the emperor is restored to live in peace." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="198" >4</h1>
If Lu Zhi is unfortunate, then Zhu Juan is a great fortune.
At the beginning of the war, he was unexpectedly defeated by Bo Cai, which was supposed to lose his head, but fortunately Huang Fusong helped wipe his ass.
After Xihua and Emperor Fusong divided their forces, Zhu Juan marched to Nanyang, and his good fortune followed:
First of all, Emperor Fusong gave the credit for pacifying the three counties to Zhu Juan, so Zhu Juan was given the title of Marquis of Xixiang and moved to the town of Thief Zhonglang.
Presumably, you are no strangers to the "Marquis of Xixiang", and the title that Liu Bei gave to Zhang Fei was the Marquis of Xixiang.
To put it simply: the "Green Horse Saves Sun Jian" mentioned above occurred in the battle with Peng Tuo.
Secondly, Zhang Mancheng, the leader of the Yellow Turbans, led a crowd of troops to kill Nanyang Taishou Chugong and firmly occupied Wancheng, which can be described as a first-class fierce man of the Yellow Turban Army.
However, before Zhu Juan's soldiers arrived, Zhang Mancheng, who called himself "Divine Envoy", was killed by the new Nanyang Taishou Qin Jie and the Jingzhou Assassin Xu Xuan.
Immediately after, the biggest pie fell.
After Zhang Mancheng's death, the Yellow Turban generals immediately elected Zhao Hong as the new leader, and gathered more than 100,000 people in Wancheng to resist Qin Jie, Xu Xuan, and Zhu Juan's nearly 20,000 Han troops.
Wancheng was the hometown of Liu Xiu, the Emperor of Han Guangwu, with strong defenses, abundant grain and grass, and easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Such a situation was the same as when Lu Zhi besieged Guangzong City, and Zhu Juan's approach was also "dragging".
According to the nature of emperor Han Ling, Zhu Juan's fate should be the same as That of Lu Zhi, in fact, Liu Hong did have the idea of removing Zhu Juan, but fortunately, at that time, Sikong Zhang Wen advised the emperor with the story of Bai Qi and Le Yi, and when Lu Zhi withdrew and Dong Zhuoxin was defeated, Liu Hong decided to cancel the withdrawal order and break the city within a time limit.
Although good luck is one after another, things like "Zhang Jiao's illness and death" will not happen again.
Zhu Juan had no choice but to attack strongly. He was a pioneer, and there was a fierce general like Sun Jian, and after a charge, the city was not completely destroyed, but he killed Zhao Hong.
Soon, the Yellow Turban Yuzhong elected Han Zhong as the new commander of the canal, and the Han army suffered too many casualties to withdraw from the city, and it was impossible to attack again.
Therefore, Zhu Juan ordered that he camp in the southwest of Wancheng, build a fortress with earth, and lure the main force of the enemy army to garrison, while he himself led 5,000 elite troops to attack the northeast corner of Wancheng, and after winning the battle, forced the remnants of the Yellow Turban into the inner city.
Han Zhong knew that he was not an opponent, and he could not wait for reinforcements, so he asked Zhu Juan to surrender.
Sima Zhangchao under Zhu Juan, as well as Xu Xuan, Qin Jie, and others, were all relieved, but Zhu Juan refused Han Zhong's surrender, believing that the Yellow Turban Army wanted to surrender because they were cornered, and if they were accepted, they might surrender and rebel, and second, they would be lucky and could not play a warning role.
As a result, the Yellow Turban Army knew that the horizontal and vertical were dead, so they aroused their fighting spirit and repelled several attacks by Zhu Juan.
I think that if I change to Huang Fusong, I will definitely be downgraded. More than a hundred years ago, Wang Feng, the leader of the Green Forest Army, was beaten by Wang Mang's army and wanted to surrender, but was refused, and as a result, Liu Xiu took the opportunity to make a big fuss in Kunyang, laying the foundation for his future ascension to the throne in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.
fortunately
Sure enough, Han Zhong saw that the Han army had withdrawn the encirclement and really led the crowd out of the city, and Zhu Juan took advantage of the situation to break the Yellow Turban Army and kill more than 10,000 people.
Han Zhong had to surrender again, but Qin Jie had a vendetta against Han Zhong and killed him privately, and the Yellow Turban Yu saw the situation and returned to the city with Sun Xia as his commander.
Unfortunately, at this time, the Yellow Turban Army was already exhausted and exhausted, and its troops were damaged, and it was unable to resist Zhu Juan's strong attack.
Not long after, Zhu Juan ordered Sun Jian to attack the city, and Sun Xia fled to Xi'e County with yu zhong, but Zhu Juan chased all the way to Jingshan, killing tens of thousands of people, and Sun Xia disappeared.
Since then, the Yellow Turban Rebellion has come to an end.
From the time Zhang Jiao launched the uprising and until the destruction of the Yellow Turban in Nanyang, it lasted more than nine months.
Although after that, there were peasant uprisings in many places, such as Black Mountain, Baibo, Huanglong, Zuo Colonel, Niujiao, Wulu, Qigen, Bitter Cockle, Liu Shi, Pinghan, Dahong, Si Li, Yuancheng, Luoshi, Lei Gong, Fuyun, Feiyan, Bai Jue, Yang Feng, Yu Poison, etc., but they could no longer be compared with the Zhangjiao period.
We can't help but think: Zhang Jiao has been preparing for more than ten years, gathering nearly a million people, why can't he even last a year?
In my opinion, there are three main points:
First, the military strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty was still strong
Although the emperor was faint and the imperial court was dim, the military power was still strong, and in addition to the generals who could recruit good warriors, the rapid development of the military system and smelting technology also played a key role.
Second, no other regime rebelled against the Han court
With the exception of the Yellow Turban Army, no other decent regime rose up in resistance. In the Ming Dynasty as we know it, half of Zhu Yuanzhang's success was attributed to "a hundred flowers blooming". If there are no allies with the same goal, and no equal strength, then the hope of success is very slim.
Third, the interior of the Yellow Turban Army should be completely cut off
Without equal strength, there is only "oddity", and internal response is one of the "strange soldiers". Unfortunately, the Yellow Turban Army's neither should have gone bankrupt because of Tang Zhou's whistle-blowing, and had lost the sharp knife that was inserted into the enemy's hinterland, and only had to face the sharp fangs.
Eh?
In my opinion, the sudden death of Zhang Jiao really dealt a blow to the rebel army, but after watching the whole process, do you still have such thoughts?
Indeed, it is easy to fail on the basis of religion, because with the cruelty of war, their ideas will continue to be impacted, and most importantly, most of their beliefs are on the initiator, and once this initiator is lost, then the blow is devastating.
But Zhang Jiao's death clearly inspired the fighting spirit of the rebel army, which is the other extreme of what I call - there is no way back.
First, take "Taiping" as the slogan
Although the rebel army believed in the "Taiping Classic", for the peasants, Taoism and gods and ghosts could not be the root cause of their lives, and only "Taiping" was what the people wanted most.
When Tang Zhou went to inform, it must not be that Zhang Jiao, the "god", could not control him; Zhang Xiu, or the Wudou Rice Sect of the Zhang Lu family, preached in the Ba County and Hanzhong areas of the same period, and also used Fu Shui to save people, and also carried out armed uprisings, which were quickly suppressed, was Zhang Xiu's Daoist skills inferior to Zhang Jiao's?
And the later Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, if it were not for the slogan of "Taiping", could it have such a huge scale?
Second, based on "Jizhou"
Jizhou is not only Zhang Jiao's hometown, but also the place with the worst disaster, and the people here can see the fainting of the imperial court, but it is not as far away as Youzhou and Qingzhou. The living standards of the people here are very poor, and the disasters are continuous, but they have to watch the nobles of the imperial palace and the family clans singing and dancing, and most of them who hate the Eastern Han Court the most are the people of Jizhou.
Third, take the "eunuch" as the internal response
Zhang Jiao's choice was very accurate, and the chaos of the party made the eunuch's goal more clear, and if he wanted money and wealth, he had to send all the party members to the devil.
Fourth, take "Zhang Liang" as the new king
Before Zhang Jiao died, there was not much sorrow, but he pulled Zhang Liang to Guangzong and told the Yellow Turban soldiers that their death was not the end, and they would eventually usher in Taiping.
Zhang Liang did not live up to Zhang Jiao's expectations, but the opponent was too strong.
This is what I want to talk about about the whole process of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and the reasons for its failure, although in my opinion, it is not the main reason for the overthrow of the Han Dynasty, but its impact is indeed very huge.
So, I really like this history, simple, yet complex.