"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 281
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > guizhuang and Gu Yanwu are collectively known as Guiqi Guwei, who have a family origin and are proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing</h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Guizhuang (29 August 1613 – 1 October 1673), a ZuoMing, zi erli, also spelled Xuangong, hengxuan, also known as Guizang, Huihuihu, Hanging Bow, Yuan Gong, Gong Of Qiu, Gongzi of Yiqun, etc., a native of Kunshan.
Guizhuang is Gu Yanwu's best friend. Life has to be friends to return to the village, husbands and wives have no regrets! He was the same year as Gu Yanwu; he also studied in the same window; the two of them went to fight and raise their careers together, and they were both left behind; they were both resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, and they ran for a lifetime; and they also did not forget the previous dynasty and did not serve the Qing court for life. Guizhuang's career was quite unstable, and he had the same disease as Gu Yanwu. The two joined the Restoration Society at the age of eighteen, felt sorry for each other, and gave each other mutual encouragement for their learning and deeds, they were not harmonious with the vulgarity, and they were called "strange and strange" by the people of the time.
Guizhuang was the great-grandson of Gui Youguang, a representative writer of the "Tang and Song Dynasties" of the Ming Dynasty, known as "Ouyang Xiu of the Present", and later generations praised his prose as "Mingwen First". He admired the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties, and his prose style was simple and sincere. Guizhuang's father was gui changshi, a calligrapher and seal engraver, who was jointly known as the three talents of Kunshan with Li Liufang and Wang Zhijian.
In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), Guizhuang was conscripted by the imperial court with a special list, and the state affairs were no longer the same, and he could not bear to die, so Guizhuang refused to accept it. Guizhuang said in the poem "Jintang Chun • Half Wall Hengjiang Rises":
Half of the river rises, and a boat carries rain alone.
Out of thin air, the waves of anger and the sky are surging, and the sound of the six dynasties is not exhausted.
The clouds on the other shore are far away, and the small trees around the rock are slightly bright.
Did the swallows still fly in the old days? Ancient times are overwhelmed.
Returning home is full of loyal martyrs, and there is no shame in the great-grandfather, just like returning to the light and forever shining back to the clan and the yongyao literary world. Guizhuang's older brother Guizhao, during the Ming Dynasty, was nothing more than a mere tongzhi. In April 1645, when the Qing army fell in Yangzhou, Gui Zhao fought a bloody battle and died heroically at the west gate of Yangzhou. Guizhuang's uncle Gui Jideng was also killed in Changxing. Guizhuang heard the bad news, the mountains and rivers could not be stopped, the Guanshan could not be stopped, the hard work could not be stopped, the dangerous land needed to be involved, went to the tang to fight the fire, and collected the bones and relics of relatives and returned to Kunshan in the chaos of the war. In the same year, the Qing soldiers went down to Jiangnan, Kunshan ZhiXian ran away and died, and the county clerk Yan Maocai took the place of Zhi County and issued an order to shave his hair. At the instigation of Guizhuang, the kunshan people killed Yan Maocai and closed the city and refused to qing. In July, the city was destroyed, the Qing army entered the city, burned and plundered, and More than 40,000 people were killed in Kunshan. Guizhuang's sister-in-law Lu And Zhang were martyred, and his father Gui Changshi also died at that time. Guizhuang in the poem "Self Ugly Yuan Day", sad and hairy, poetry cloud:
Four years of absolute degree of new righteousness, this sunset will be two eyes wide.
The rise and fall of the world depends on the strategy, and the body is in a suspense.
The Shang Emperor decreed that the cattle should be fine, and Wang Mangzheng should be fish-tailed.
I don't believe that there are millions of households in Jiangnan, and the hoe is only ploughed to Longtou.
Guizhuang had a funeral and could not be cured, because he was named and arrested by the Qing soldiers, so he had to flee to his hometown and go far away. It was not until the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653 AD), after nine years, that Guizhuang "wept blood and bear the soil" and buried seven people of the third dynasty. At the time of the funeral, Guizhuang was no longer able to handle it, had no finances, and had no heart, but fortunately Qian Qianyi came forward to help. Although Qian Qianyi lost his temperance in the qing, he did have a favor with Shilin. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the scribes under the Heavens, or at least the scribes of Jiangnan, asked qian Qianyi to come to his door, and Qian Qianyi all helped. Qian Qianyi for the funeral of returning home, Widely recruited Shilin to "tie up gold" to help, not enough part of the cost, all qian Qianyi funded. Qian Qianyi has two kinds of worship for Guizhuang: first, Qian Qianyi has a similar admiration for Guiyouguang; second, he has a teacher-student friendship with Guizhuang. He said in the poem "The Harvest of the Guantian Family (Three First Choices)":
The rice fragrance is ripe in the late autumn, and the strangers are across the ten thousand acres.
Five years of grain loss Jurchen Kingdom, the heavens are all my ambitions are alone.
Guizhuang accompanied by the construction of a hut next to the tomb of his relatives, and he wrote a joint in the hut: "The nest of two people living in peace, the wife is too clever and the husband is too strange; the neighbors are connected to the house of the underworld, and there are many people who fall into ghosts." "His hut, outdoor: the wood door is broken and cannot be hidden; indoor: the table and chair are missing legs, and the ropes are supported. Inside the door there is another link: entering his room, empty, asking his people, and making a lot of noise.
Although Guizhuang is poor, but there is a good wife who loves him, hurts him, and loves him, the two people have a very strong feeling, and in this chaotic world, it is undoubtedly the greatest comfort for Guizhuang. He signed the inner room "Tui Zai Lou", and when someone asked for his intentions, he told the people: "This is a combination of talents and beautiful people, and cannot be separated."
After returning to Kunshan, he made a living selling calligraphy and paintings, did not wear clean clothes, and treated himself with wild clothes. At one point, he also wore a monk's robe and cut his hair to become a monk, called Puming Touto, in order to oppose the Qing Dynasty's "shaving order". He has two poems of "Broken Hair", poem Cloud:
One
Relatives and friends tolerate love and force me to change from vulgarity.
Once with scissors, cut my head half bald.
Hair was born of parents, and it was a great insult to the injury.
Forsaking China and obeying the destruction, I will not atone for my sins now.
Human feelings are heavy to avoid trouble, and they do not hesitate to make plans.
What do you want to do? Fear is not torture.
The situation is changeable, and the misfortunes and blessings depend on each other.
My life is in heaven, and I will be poisoned!"
It is impossible to chase, and the head is in tears!
Second
The Chinese have become Yi, and it is better to live than to die.
The hate is tired, and the desire to die is even more suspended.
Gao Tang has two white heads, and the three men are now the only sons.
I don't look back, what do I rely on?
Be patient and stealthy, and sit back and wait for the real person to rise.
Hehe Yao Rongguo, his hair could not fall to his ears.
Pledge to the Hundred Generations, wash away the shame of life.
Guizhuang wrote twelve poems of "Falling Flowers" and wrote a preface, in which it is said: "I was not born, I was valued for many reasons, the guest was not a Jingshi, and I often moved Huashi to hide the wild thoughts; In Jiangnan, there is still a feeling of big trees floating in the ground. Even the wind and wood are in pain, the calyx is deeply sad, and there is no seed left under the zhilan. A piece of first flight, sometimes splashed with tears; Thousands of forests, infinite sorrow! It is to imitate the style, portray the appearance, the predecessors are extremely skilled, and the sound is difficult; As for the emotional sending, it is not owned by the princes. No heart toddler, dare to know the same drive; Lyrical through the scenery, the end of the emotion. "'Falling Flowers' is not only about falling flowers, but the poet borrows the scenery of falling flowers to express the pain of his home country and life that is depressed in his heart. Wu Weiye commented on his "Twelve Chapters of Falling Flowers": "Fluent and profound, the purpose of sustenance, and the preparation of physical objects." Guizhuang "Falling Flower Poems" twelve first choice one, poetry cloud:
Jiangnan Chun sighed red and thin, and the remnants of the tree flew high and low.
Yan Ke Warbler He is too anxious! How much and how little did you return?
The dry and dewy strips are cold, and the pond hall is shaded by greenery.
Quietly cover the door alone, from his herbs to Fifi.
At this moment, his good friend Gu Yanwu was imprisoned for "killing evil servants". He ran to save each other, but there was no way to tell him, and instead he turned to Qian Qianyi's men. Qian Qianyi proposed to let Gu Yanwu worship him as a teacher, so that he could easily rescue him. After GuiZhuang deliberated, he thought that the situation was urgent, and it was more important to save Gu Yanwu's life. Therefore, on behalf of Gu Yanwu, he wrote a protégé post and handed it to Qian Qianyi. Gu Yanwu did not agree with Qian Qianyi's discipline, and after learning about this matter, he directly asked Qian Qianyi to return to his protégé post, and posted notices everywhere to inform the public. It was a little embarrassing to make Qian Qianyi and return to Zhuangzhuang, and Gu Yanwu was principled in his integrity.
Guizhuang only lived for sixty-one years, and the evening scenery was not good. First he was killed by his mother, and then the eldest son went out to earn a living, and he did not know the end. Guizhuang became more and more insane, and he ate in the monk's house, only to drink and sing. The best friend Gu Yanwu traveled far to the north, and throughout his life, the two never saw each other again except for their thoughts.
Guizhuang was the only masturbator in his later years, dedicated to engraving his great-grandfather's "Complete Collection of Gui Youguang". In the process of collecting and compiling certificates, Qian Qianyi also helped the most. Many times to write the preface, many parties to collect, more research, but also many times to fund, Kangxi twelfth year (1673), when the pressure of the death, this book is completed. Guizhuang knew that his time was short, and on New Year's Day of that year, he wrote a poem:
Perennial first day five more prosperous, sick and decay Ongz failed.
The name is not Laotong Yili, and the bean is not summoned to relatives and friends.
Firecrackers on the mountain, the wind and clouds in the sky.
Koshi reunited with a sigh, what is the basis for his ambition in life?
When Guizhuang was compiling the Complete Collection of Guiyouguang, he clashed with Wang Huan, who wrote The GuiyouGuang Chronicle. Wang Huan and Guizhuang were old friends, and they traded testimony and were negative, thus leading to a dispute between the Ming remnants and the identity of the new dynasty scholar. Wang Huan took grammar as the first essential meaning for reviving ancient Chinese, and was ridiculed by Guizhuang in "Replying to Wang Yuanwen Again": "The deacon has no other magic trick in every word and composition, but only to overturn the case." The dispute between Wang and Gui mainly involves the evaluation of Qian Qianyi. Wang Huan "poured money" and returned it to The Zhuang Master, and more importantly, Qian Qianyi also contributed funds for the re-engraving of the "Complete Collection of Gui Youguang". It can be said that the discord between Wang and Gui has evolved into a fierce conflict, which is not unrelated to the contentiousness and righteousness of the late Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty collapsed in a quarrel.
At the time of Guizhuang's death, Gu Yanwu was in Zhangqiu, Shandong. After learning of Guizhuang's death, he set up an altar in Sangjiazhuang's home to pay tribute, and wrote four poems of mourning in "Weeping back to Gaoshi".
Guizhuang poetry, calligraphy and painting can be printed, and he has to learn from the family, and his father is very strict with him. Zhu Yizun said that Guizhuang was: "Hengxuan is curious, the world is crazy, good deeds, cursive writing." Guizhuang's calligraphy, before the change of Jiashen, was the style of the two kings, and the style was relatively plain. After Jia Shen, the pen and ink became the accumulation of depression in the chest, and it tended to be more ups and downs, vertical and horizontal. Just as Guizhuang joked when he said his own name: "Guizi Name Zhuang, ZiYuan Gong, alias Gong Gong, alias JianJu Ju Shanren, The name of pingsheng has changed repeatedly, in the dozens, the present name is from its old, the word is from its new, and the number is from its strange cloud." What he pursues in calligraphy is really "word from its new".
"Tong Yin on Painting" commented on Zhuang "literary and literary calligraphy and painting, there are many strengths, ink and bamboo into the divine product." The fan head is small, the pen is dashing, the ink is thick, the machine is funny, and the smell of books is overflowing with susu. The cover is high and the pen is strange and elegant, not falling into the ordinary way." Ink bamboo is extremely rare in the calligraphy and paintings handed down from Guizhuang, and he refuses to do it easily in his life. Guizhuang's "Ink Bamboo Poetry Han Scroll", which is now in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum, was composed in Qing Shunzhi Ding You (1657), painting five paragraphs of ink bamboo and writing nine poems of his previous years in Zhejiang, which are three excellent volumes of "poetry, book and painting", which were his works when he was 45 years old. At that time, he had just finished his life of exile and wandering, so his pen and ink felt a little strange. Ten years later, Guizhuang's "Inscription Ink Bamboo Scroll" Yun: "The learning of man advances with the years, and so does the acrobatics." Yu Yu Mozhu, this game for, at first had no intention of seeking progress, but after more than ten years, I also felt very different. This volume is not very workable, but it is not as common as the recent paintings. ”
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Guizhuang Erli", praising:
The dead soldiers left Wu and returned home to Xuan Yimian.
If the day is clear, death and life are paid early.
Poetry is the medium, calligraphy and painting spring and autumn cuts.
The masonry is cool and the night is sad, and the ru color does not need to be broken.
Seven people died in the third dynasty, and nine years were repeated.
Through the four seas of Shi Yao, the cocoon of gathering and re-gathering is revealed.
Indulge in drunken thinking, sing wild songs to encourage yourself.
Living in the monks' quarters, he sighed that his trampling was not shallow.
The pillow is empty, and its heart is inexhaustible.
Laughing but fishing, deep elegance without foot.
The flowers are full of leaves, and there is still a hot one left.
The heart goes thousands of miles, without tears to the void.
Recite the beloved, the word is not harsh.
Concubines are full of spring, and Bai Shou is willing to be a.
The word has many changchuns, and the words are from its new soup.
The name is old and dazzling, so good that the strange one is spared.
If the ancestors are born with what books, which can regenerate fresh?
In front of the green trees of the sinking boat, the Yantian remnants of food.
The pen is dashing and the horizontal machine is funny.
Thick and light ink came, and the books overflowed with sustenance.
Fame never camps, and the ambition is high and unlimited.
Strange to the end of the pen, Tinglin opposite the eye.
Not to fall into the wrong path, this world's ambitions have not been developed.