Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, once created an ancient poem called "Sorrowful Song Line" through the old title of Lefu, which was catchy to read, and the editor still remembered the first three sentences: "Sorrow comes, sorrow comes." The master had wine and did not pour, listening to my sad song to moan. Sorrow does not groan or laugh, no one in the world knows my heart. In particular, "sorrow does not groan, do not laugh", writing a kind of sadness into the wood three points, is a kind of want to cry without tears, indescribable sadness, so that readers can not help but think of a heroic figure in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" not long ago - Xi Liang Ma Chao.
Xi Liang Ma Chao
Everyone says that Xiliang is "Jin Ma Chao", but behind this Jin character is the tragedy of Ma Chao's life. Where does this sadness come from? Ma Chao (176–222), courtesy name Mengqi, was a native of Fufeng Maoling (present-day Xingping, Shaanxi), a descendant of the Han fubo general Ma Yuan, and the son of Ma Teng, who became famous as a teenager. In fact, many people think that Ma Chao is a Xiliang person, which is a deep misunderstanding, the ancient Fufeng Maoling tomb belongs to today's Kansai Plain area, and the high-speed rail from Xi'an is only a little more than a time.
Fufeng's position in Guanzhong
In 196 AD, when Ma Chao was 20 years old, Ma Chao was almost stabbed to death, because his father Ma Teng and his brother Han Sui broke up, the two attacked and killed each other, and Ma Chao, who was in good shape since he was a child, also went to help his father fight, and fought with Yan Xing, the general of Han Sui's army, Yan Xing attacked Ma Chao, the spear was broken by Ma Chao, yan Xing almost injured Ma Chao's neck with a broken spear, killing Ma Chao.
Maarten
In 202 AD, Ma Chao was 26 years old, at this time Yuan Shao's son Yuan Shangbu sent Gao Gan and Guo Yuan to join forces with the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu HuQuan to attack Hedong to capture Guanzhong, the imperial court sent people to persuade Ma Teng and Han Sui, saying, "You two should stop fighting, you are both officials of the imperial court, you have to have a little bit of a big picture view, and then fight Chang'an and lose it", Ma Teng then sent his son Ma Teng to lead the army to attack Guo Yuan, Gao Gan, Ma Chao led more than 10,000 people to break the enemy army, although he was wounded by an arrow, he still insisted on fighting, and Ma Chao's general Pound also personally killed Guo Yuan. Subsequently, Gao Gan and Shan Yu surrendered at Hu kitchen spring. Ma Chao's performance made Cao Cao, as the chancellor, very satisfied, and after the crusade against Guo Yuan, Cao Cao borrowed the edict of Emperor Xian of Han to appoint Ma Chao as the assassin of Xuzhou, but Ma Chao did not go to the post, and finally Cao Cao had to change Ma Chao to the false name of the counselor.
Cao Cao
In 208 AD, Ma Teng, under the persuasion of Zhang Jie, entered the imperial court as an official and was appointed as a wei lieutenant. Ma Chao's two younger brothers, Ma Xiu, and Ma Tie were also given the titles of Che Du Wei and Qi Du Wei, but Ma Chao remained in Liangzhou, was made a partial general and The Marquis of Duting, commanded Ma Teng's troops, divided the "Three Auxiliaries", tun bing Huai Li, and accumulated military capital. In March 211, Cao Cao attempted to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong through the territory of Ma Chao and other Liangzhou warlords, but Ma Chao believed that this was Cao Cao's false way to eliminate The Evil, so he united with the Guanzhong generals Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Yang Qiu of Anding, Hou Xuan of Hedong, Cheng Yin, Li Kan, Ma Play, Cheng Yi and other ten hundred thousand troops to rebel against Cao. The Battle of Tongguan lasted for half a year, and although Cao Jun won, it was very hard to win, and Cao Cao was almost killed twice by Ma Chao's schemes or pursuers.
Ma Chao zhan Xu Chu
The first time: Cao Cao's army was stationed in Pusaka and wanted to cross the river westward, ma Chao heard this and said to Han Sui: "You can hold a position on the north bank of the Wei River, and in less than twenty days, the grain in Hedong is exhausted, and the enemy army will withdraw on its own." But it was replaced by Han Sui's "half-crossing attack" scheme. After Cao Cao later heard about Ma Chao's plan, he sighed: "If Ma Chao's child does not die, I am afraid that I will not even have a place to bury."
The second time: Cao Cao crossed the Yellow River from Tongguan to the north, sent Xu Huang, Zhu Ling, and others to lead 4,000 people to cross Pusakajin at night, Ma Chao knew that after riding more than 10,000 people, Cao Cao's side of more than a hundred people under the cover of Ma Chao's arrows did not know what to do. Xu Chu, Zhang Gao and other generals, seeing that the matter was urgent, set Cao Cao up and took him out of the boat, hurriedly crossing the river, Ma Chao led the cavalry to chase and shoot at the rear, the arrows rained down, and Cao Cao almost died. Cao Cao's subordinate Tiger Fool Xu Chu blocked the arrow with one hand and the pole in the other, desperately trying to save Cao Cao.
Cao Cao cut off his robe
At the end of the war, Cao Cao used a divisive strategy to crush the Kansai coalition army, barely winning, Ma Chao and Han Sui once again sent emissaries to Cao Cao, wanting to cut the land of Hexi to ask for peace, but Cao Cao did not agree, Ma Chao then withdrew his troops and returned to Liangzhou Shangyi, and the Shangjun people Ren Yang led his own people to meet Ma Chao.
Map of the Battles of Tongguan and Weinan
In 212, shortly after the defeat at the Battle of Ma Chaotong Pass, he quickly annexed the counties of Longshang and besieged Liangzhou's assassin Shi Weikang at Liangzhou's seat of Jicheng. Cao Cao wanted to retake Ma Chao before, but this time Cao Cao ignored it, remembering that Ma Chao's father was still in Yecheng, so Cao Cao captured the Ma Chao people in Yicheng (including his father Ma Teng and his two younger brothers Ma Xiu and Ma Tie), counted the three clansmen, and beheaded them all. On the other hand, he also sent the western expeditionary force led by Xiahou Yuan to Jicheng to rescue him. However, Xiahou Yuan's reinforcements still did not arrive, Wei Kang Kaicheng surrendered, Ma Chao occupied Jicheng, and defeated Xiahou Yuan's reinforcements, Xiahou Yuan then withdrew his army back to Chang'an, and did not dare to advance west for two years. Based on Jicheng, Ma Chao divided Longshang and declared himself the general of Zhengxi, leading and supervising the military of Liangzhou.
Cao Cao's famous general
In September 213, the generals Yang Fu and Jiang Xu, who had previously escaped from Zhang Lu's side, took the lead in rebelling at Halo City, Zhao Qu and Yin advised Ma Chao to attack, Ma Chao heard this, and led his troops to attack, Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu secretly occupied Jicheng, closed the city gates, and killed Ma Chao's wife and children. Ma Chao was furious, but could not attack Jicheng, so he attacked Licheng, killed Yang Fu, Jiang Xu's clan in Licheng, Yang Fu then led the rebels to fight with Ma Chao, on the battlefield Yang Fu and Zongzu Kundi seven people came to besiege Ma Chao, all were killed by Ma Chao, Yang Fu himself was seriously wounded in five places and died in battle. After Xiahou Yuan's reinforcements arrived, Ma Chao lost his base and was in a dilemma, so he had to defect to Hanzhong to rely on Zhang Lu.
Ma Chao Stone Monument
In 214, Ma Chao, who had defected to Zhang Lu, was greatly appreciated by Zhang Lu, but Zhang Lu's subordinate Yang Bai and others wanted to harm him because they were afraid of Ma Chao's talents, so Ma Chao resigned and fled into the middle of the army. In 215, just when Liu Bei led his troops into Sichuan at this time, Liu Bei sent Li Hui to marry Ma Chao, Ma Chao knew that Zhang Lu was not a person who did a big cause, Liu Bei heard that Ma Chao was going to vote, and said happily: "Yizhou can be taken!" So he sent someone to meet Ma Chao, and secretly gave one of his own troops to Ma Chao, and asked Ma Chao to lead his troops to encircle Chengdu. Ma Chao led the soldiers and horses to Chengdu, tun troops in the north of the city, everyone in the city was terrified because of Ma Chao's prestige, and in less than ten days, the Chengdu military and civilians collapsed, and Liu Zhang immediately surrendered. After Liu Bei pacified Xichuan, he promoted Ma Chao to the rank of general of Pingxi and ordered him to oversee Linfeng.
Map of the Battle of Hanzhong
In 217-219, Liu Bei and Cao Cao fought a three-year Hanzhong War, and finally Liu Bei captured all of Hanzhong with the courage of his generals. In the autumn, more than 120 Shu Han officials led by Ma Chao jointly wrote a letter "Li Hanzhong Wang Shangbiao Han Emperor" to persuade Liu Bei to enter the throne of Hanzhong. Liu Bei claimed the title of queen and promoted Ma Chao to the rank of General of the Left, false festival. In 220, Peng Xi was displeased when he saw that he would be sent to other places, and when he met Ma Chao, he once said to him, "Old Ge is absurd, but he can be reverted to evil!" "The secretary is outside, I am inside, and the world is not determined." Ma Chao was horrified after hearing this, and most of his life was a tyrant, submitting to Liu Bei, and after sending people to the fence, he often had a sense of danger, and was shocked to hear Peng Xian say such words, and was silent. After Peng Xi left, Ma Chao truthfully reported Peng Xi's words, so Peng Xi was arrested and imprisoned, and then Liu Bei listened to Zhuge Liang's advice and executed Peng Xi.
Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor
In 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor, established the Shu Han Dynasty, made Ma Chao a general of the Hussars, led Liangzhou Mu, and entered the Marquis of Fengxiang. In 222, Ma Chao fell seriously ill and was sent to Liu Bei: "The two hundred people under the clan of the subjects were killed by Cao Cao, and only his brother Ma Dai was left, and when my humble clan let him inherit, he was deeply entrusted to Your Majesty, and there was nothing else to say." In December of the same year, Ma Chao died of illness at the age of 47.
Tomb of Ma Chao in Hanzhong
Throughout Ma Chao's life, the most important thing is the official position, whether it is the imperial court, Cao Cao, Zhang Lu, Liu Bei have given prominent official positions, but these are only fleeting, fame and fortune seem to be Ma Chao does not care much, Ma Chao's misfortune is born in a chaotic world, even if there is a determination to defend the family and defend the country, but did not meet the Ming Lord, even if it belongs to the later Liu Bei, it is also a helpless move, but this "thousand mile horse" has become a docile "horse", in order not to cause trouble, Ma Chao has become more careful, Before there was a father and brother who was killed by his old enemy Cao Cao, and then there was a betrayal of the general who led to the killing of his wife and children, which was a helpless pain, the pain of sending people under the fence, and the pain of the hero's uselessness.