Chen Yaokai: The "King of Two Guns" who shocked the enemy

Chen Yaokai

The "King of Two Guns" who shocked the enemy

Chen Yaokai, a native of Zhangjia, Dazhu County, Sichuan Province, born in December 1922, is a revolutionary martyr.

Martyr Chen Yaokai (1922-1949)

When Chen Yaokai was young, he had a bold temperament, spoke out with righteousness, and won the respect of his peers with courage and directness.

In the spring of 1942, the 20-year-old Chen Yaokai left home for Chongqing and studied at the Yucai School founded by Tao Xingzhi and studied in the social group. When the Japanese invaders hit Dushan in Guizhou and threatened Chongqing, Chen Yaokai joined the Yucai School Guard Team and became a striking backbone of the School Guard Team.

In the autumn of 1946, Chen Yaokai returned to his hometown of Zhangjiachang. He invited some young peasants and intellectuals to decide to sell their fields and buy guns to carry out armed struggle. By the beginning of 1947, Chen Yaokai had more than 20 rifles. He used the form of the "Mountain King's Society" organized by the mountain peasants, and when he had a little leisure, he invited them to the mountains to practice marksmanship, familiarize himself with the terrain, and explain the strategies and tactics of guerrilla warfare. In the process of running the "Mountain King's Meeting", Chen Yaokai trained into a sharpshooter.

Former residence of Chen Raokai

In early July 1947, Peng Yongwu, a member of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and secretary of the Neighboring (Water) Da (Bamboo) Working Committee, sent Hu Zhengxing, a member of the Communist Party, to Zhangjiachang in Dazhu. A few days later, Chen Yaokai joined the party organization; In the middle of the year, the Zhangjiachang Special Branch of the CPC was born, with Secretary Hu Zhengxing, Military Commissar Chen Yaokai, and Organization Committee Member Liu Jiqing. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the party organizations in eastern Sichuan, the Zhangjiachang Special Branch mobilized the masses in Zhangjia and neighboring townships and towns, built the party and the army, actively carried out the "three resistances" and "four grasps," and quickly opened up the situation. The "Mountain King's Association" developed into a mass "Lan Fair" and "Turnaround Meeting," and the "Shangbang," "Sisterhood," and "Young Relatives' Association" and other peripheral mass organizations of the party were also established one after another. Anti-Ding anti-donation, borrowing money to buy guns, almost semi-public; Engaging in the united front has reached the heads of almost every township and security chief.

Across the border from Zhangjiachang and a bridge, Linshui County Guard Yard is inhabited by Bao Zhiming, a senator from Linshui County. He secretly went to the Dazhu Special Office to inform, and colluded with Bao Yi, the township chief of the neighboring field, to bring spies, ready to poison Chen Yaokai at any time, and the Zhangjiachang special branch decided to get rid of Bao Zhiming. On September 30, Zhangjiachang Special Branch Chen Zixia, Zhang Maozi and others killed Bao Zhiming in the heart of Zhangjiachang Street, known in history as the "Zhangjiachang Uprising".

Zhangjiachang Old Street Uprising

The "Zhangjiachang Uprising" shocked the enemy and exposed itself. On October 9, Yu Fuku, administrative inspector and security commander of the 10th district of Sichuan Province, and Fu Yuanxi, deputy commander of security, ordered a large detachment of the 7th Security Corps to "go to the crackdown" with the police squadrons in Linshui and Dazhu. Hu Zhengxing and Chen Yaokai dragged foreign cadres and some guerrilla armed fighters to the area around Yaquekou, scattered and hidden in peasant homes, laying out day and night, mobilizing the masses in the gap of the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" to build a party army. Not only have the revolutionary forces not been eliminated, but they have become stronger and more effective.

In the period after that, the underground organization of the Chuandong Party was restored and rebuilt, forming a relatively complete organizational system. The party organization in Dazhu County is uniformly led by the First Working Committee of ShangchuanDong. The Eastern Sichuan Provisional Committee and the Shangchuan Eastern Prefectural Committee attached great importance to the armed struggle in Zhangjiachang and successively sent a large number of outstanding cadres here to open up work, including Deng Zhaoming, Wang Min, Chen Yiwen, and Hu Zhengxing. They brought over a set of experiences in the Liberated Areas, mobilized the masses to build the party and the army with great fanfare, and party cadres made public appearances, held meetings, taught songs, stood guard and sentry, and sometimes held banquets. Chen Yaokai, who had already served as secretary of the zhangjiachang special branch, traveled between Zhangjia, Jixing, Yang Tong, and Wenxing, mobilizing the masses, recruiting party members, transforming bandits, expanding their armaments, and carrying out united front work. After several months of hard work, the Yangtong, Shizi, and Wenxing special branches of the party were successively established in this area, and there were three small guerrilla armed detachments active in Zhangjia, Yangtong, and Jixing respectively. The area after DazhuShan formed the absolute superiority of the CCP's underground organization for a period of time and became the best example of mass work and armed struggle in eastern Sichuan. Wang Pu, secretary of the Provisional Party Committee, excitedly praised: "They are like the liberated areas of the Jiang Guan District!"

On the evening of February 5, 1948, Chen Yaokai led his troops to Sujiagou to join Xu's corresponding troops, who had gathered here for the first two days, and informed Ou Junliang to also bring the team out, with the intention of attacking the ambush of Deng Ruzhang, who had defected to the enemy. At this time, Jiang Shanlin and Jiang DaRong told Xu zhi about seeing the enemy's secret order to "attack" Zhangjiachang at Xu Shiji. The backbone of several small armed forces held an emergency meeting and decided to retreat to Neishan before dawn, and Xu Shiwan to Wenxing informed Xu Shiying that he must send armed forces to kill Deng Ruzhang on his way home. When Xu Shiying had not yet been exposed, he was still the mayor of Wenxing Township.

The "Advance" forces, led by Fu Yuanxi, deputy commander of the 10th District Security Department, arrived in Shenhe Township on February 5. That night, he received a phone call from Li Shuyi, the chief of the Dazhu Police Station, from Shizi Township, and received the news that Chen Yaokai and more than 100 other people had assembled at Maidi Yakou, which ordered Li Shuyi to attack in the early morning of the next day.

In the early morning of February 6, before Chen Yaokai, Xu Zhili, and Ou Junliang's troops could begin to act, the sentries found the enemy. The troops rushed to battle, and the battle began. Chen Yaokai and Xu accordingly commanded the retreat to the mountain while fighting. After a few hours, gradually disengage from the enemy. In the evening, Fu Yuanxi and Li Shuyi led the team back to Shizi, and the battle ended. The guerrilla armed forces retreated safely, and the enemy gained nothing.

On February 13, the "Blocking and Suppression Column" formed by the "suppression and suppression column" units of the counties adjacent to Zhuliang Mat in the tenth district and the 293rd Regiment of the Reorganized 79th Division of the Kuomintang government army drove to the area of Niutouzhai in Shizi District to repeatedly "clear and suppress" and indiscriminately hunt and kill indiscriminately. Chen Yaokai, Xu Corresponding, and a large number of other local and foreign cadres were forced to evacuate the dazhushan hou district. Chen Yaokai, Hu Zhengxing, Xu Xiangli, and others hid in Dazhu Gaojiaba, and together with Su Dengzheng and Su Shaobo, mobilized the masses and established a secret armed force.

At the beginning of April, they moved to Guang'an, changed their names and surnames, and led the armed team members to actively participate in the work of the special branch of Guang'an Guanyin Pavilion.

From August to September 1948, major uprisings broke out in the counties around Huaying Mountain. In the early morning of August 12, the Guang'an Guanyinge Uprising launched by the second general unit of the fifth detachment of the "Southwest Democratic Coalition Army Chuandong Column" broke out. Due to the two-sided trick played by the town mayor Jin Youliang, the guerrillas' original plan to seize the gun failed, and the rebel leaders Yang Yushu, Chen Bochun, Liu Longhua, Deng Zhijiu and other leaders led the troops to retreat. On August 13, the unit met with an independent squadron led by Chen Yaokai at the Sifang Mountain Dayakou; Chen Yaokai then became the "de facto military leader" of the unit. On the 14th, the troops marched toward Huaying Mountain, and marched to Dingjia Mountain in the early morning of the 16th. In the early afternoon of the same day, the troops were meeting in a room when they suddenly found themselves surrounded. Chen Yaokai and Wang Zhaonan led more than a dozen capable members of the armed workers to fight while shouting and fighting, retreating while fighting, and quickly drilled out of the enemy's encirclement. They attack behind the enemy's ass, sandwiching the enemy in the middle. The enemy does not know the details and flees in all directions; In a melee, the enemy fled, but the guerrillas were also scattered. Counting, there were more than 120 people, and Chen Bochun, Liu Longhua, Deng Zhijiu, Hu Zhengxing, and several other principal responsible persons also lost contact with the troops. Chen Yao Kai Nai, Wang Zhaonan, and Xiang Jiedong gathered up the remaining troops, pulled them to the Guihua Field for a short rest, and then moved to the Guangming Temple, and later reorganized the team again at the neighboring water Qianqiu, leaving only more than 20 guns. In late August, Chen Yaokai, Wang Zhaonan, and Xiang Jiedong took the team to Zhangjiachang and hid them in the foothills of Mingyue Gorge.

After the outbreak of the Huayingshan Uprising, Deng Zhao, former secretary of the First Working Committee of Shangchuandong, who had withdrawn to Chongqing, felt that the conditions for cooperation in launching an uprising in other regions were not yet ripe, and that the military pressure on the huayingshan uprising troops should be alleviated, so he decided to "let Chen Yaokai and Xu Yongpei, who had already been indiscriminately and red-hot, launch armed struggles in the two parts of the dazhushan hou district to cooperate." In August, Deng Guangzhao bought three machine guns in Chongqing and transported them into Dazhu, and later transferred a number of cadres. In mid-September, Deng Guangming held a meeting in Chongqing to form the Guanglin Dashan District Party Committee and the Guanglin Dashan District Guerrilla Group, with Chen Yaokai as party secretary and guerrilla commander. Party committees and guerrilla units in mountainous areas mobilized the masses to build party and army in the vast mountainous areas west of the Bamboo Mat Liang Highway east of the Quhe River, and waged guerrilla warfare, which soon opened up the situation. Unfortunately, the armed struggle in the Huayingshan area soon turned to a low ebb, and the party committees and guerrillas in the mountainous areas were in the predicament of fighting alone.

Chen Yaokai, alias Zhou Mao'er, opened up work in the Tianchi Mountains at the junction of bamboo mats and beams. Together with Xu Yongpei, Yang Xunxing, Dai Guohui, Gu Taizhang, and Wang Daijia, he transformed Wang Daijia's ranks of townspeople and mobilized the masses to expand their armed forces. A guerrilla base area centered on Tianchi, including dazhu Badu and Mingtan, Matjiang Wu'an and Shaping, and Liangping Huilong, has begun to take shape.

In January 1949, in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of Qian Ying of the Shanghai Bureau of the Communist Party of China, Deng Guangming announced the abolition of the mountain party committee and the guerrillas, and divided the scope of activities by the three mountains of Dazhu, and formed the Dongshan Party Committee, the Zhongshan Party Committee, and the Xishan Party Committee, each with a small armed forces team. Chen Yaokai was appointed secretary of the Dongshan Party Committee, and Liu Jiqing was appointed as a committee member, and they had an armed task force of 20 or 30 or 30 people and 30 or 40 guns, which haunted the Area of Dazhu Zhangjia, Shizi, Sihe, and Neighboring Water to Protect Neighbors and Xingren.

After November 1948, Luo Guangwen, commander of the Seventh Formation of the Kuomintang, entered Dazhu and set up a command post of the Sichuan-E Appeasement Office in Dazhu; He and his vicious minions, Lei Ming, commander of the 242nd Division, colluded with the Kuomintang local government to brutally massacre the Communists and revolutionary masses.

At the end of May 1949, Luo Guangwen, the Dazhu Special Bureau and the Dazhu County Government comprehensively deployed the "Qing Suppression". Jiang Guanqun, commander of the enemy's assault third battalion, led his troops into Zhangjiachang, set up soldiers everywhere, and lined up civilian sentries, trapping Chen Yaokai and others in the area around The Bird Pass, making it difficult to enter and exit. After more than 20 days of painstaking persistence, many days without seeing food, people are so thin that only skin and bones are left. Just as on June 25, when Jiang Guanqun's troops were preparing to withdraw their troops, Zhang Hetian, the chief engineer of the landlord Chen Jiguang, went to the mountain to collect mushrooms and saw Chen Yaokai hiding in the cave, Chen Yaokai felt a hard ocean, asked him to fry some wheat and send it to eat, Zhang Hetian returned to the landlord Chen Jiguang's house, and when he was about to push and grind the wheat, the landlord Chen Jiguang discovered the inside story, so he secretly told Jiang Guanqun that Chen Yaokai was hiding in the cave- loquat rock. Jiang Guanqun immediately rushed out to encircle and suppress the loquat rock in the cave, at this time, Chen Yaokai gave up the hope of life to his comrades-in-arms, kept the danger of death to himself, and let other comrades-in-arms quickly withdraw. Chen Yaokai fired both guns, drank bullets and killed himself, and died heroically at the age of 27. The sound of gunfire attracted the enemy and bought valuable time for the comrades to evacuate.

Chen Yaokai's cave of sacrifice - loquat rock