From the middle of the Qing Dynasty, which was corrupt and incompetent, our nation suffered great humiliation. Their indomitable resistance, tenacious resistance, opened one scene after another of blood and tears. In the years of war, the people of the land of China resolutely and resolutely resisted for the sake of their homeland, composing a magnificent song of blood and fire intertwined.
The outbreak of the Opium War awakened a generation of people to the great dream of spring and autumn, and they woke up from the great powers of the Heavenly Dynasty. The panicked and hasty escape, that kind of embarrassing appearance, is still disgraced by history. In this way, the Western powers opened the door of our country, plundered the people's wealth, destroyed our treasures, and the most representative of which was the burning of the Yuanmingyuan.
On August 29, 1842, the Qing Dynasty's representatives Qi Ying, Iribu, Niu Jian and the British representative Pu Dingcha signed the first unequal treaty of loss of power and humiliation, the Treaty of Nanjing, on the British ship Gao Huali moored on the Xiaguan River in Nanjing, cutting off land, paying indemnities and opening trade ports, and at the same time deciding on the "matter of litigation" between Chinese and British people by oral agreement, "returning to the British merchants to the British themselves"; since then, China's judicial sovereignty has been infringed.