For people living in the land of Guantao, the thousand-year-old county, the border between Jilu and Lu, the convenient transportation, the layer chicken cucumber, the painting of grain... These "labels" about the museum pottery have been well known to everyone, but there are many unknown aspects of the historical museum pottery, this article will comb through it, see you understand a few:
Spring and Autumn Guanshiyi
Guantao County is one of the earliest places in China's history to build a city, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period already had the city of "Guanshiyi", and in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, this city pool was used to set up the county "Guantao". The reason why it got this name is because guantao has been an important station to connect the east and west post roads since the founding of the city, in the Warring States period, in order to facilitate official business and business travel, the Zhao state built a posthouse next to the Tao Mountain in the northwest of Guanshiyi City, over time, the name of "Guantao" was used by officials and merchants who came and went, and gradually replaced "Guanshiyi", and even the county also used the name "Guantao", until today. The name "Guanshi" was placed in the sixth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (586), and parts of the eastern part of Jianguan Tao County and Qingyuan County were placed in "Guanshi County", which is today's Guan County.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Guantao County, Qingyuan County on the north side was ruled in today's Qingyang ChengCun, Luqiao Township
Guantao in the Qin and Han Dynasties is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the river is numerous, the transportation is convenient, the soil is fertile, the products are rich, such conditions in the period of agricultural civilization is no different from the "kingdom of heaven", so it was favored by many emperors, in order to express the spoiling of their children, the pavilion pottery as a TangMuyi and fiefdom rewarded to his children, in the two Han and Cao Wei period, there are Han Wen Emperor's daughter Liu Shi, Han Xuan Emperor's daughter Liu Shi, Guangwu Emperor's daughter Liu Hongfu was named Guantao Princess, Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pi's son Cao Lin as the King of Guantao. Guantao is undoubtedly a veritable "royal treasure land".
After the Battle of Guandu at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao eliminated Yuan Shao's forces and occupied the city of Yicheng, thus pacifying Hebei. In order to annex the world, he painstakingly managed the city of Yicheng and called it "Yidu". After the Establishment of Wei by the Cao Pi Dynasty, although the capital was Luoyang, Yicheng was one of the "five capitals" of Chang'an, Chen, Xuchang, Yicheng, and Luoyang, and until the period of the Five Hu And Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yicheng was successively the capital of Cao Wei, Later Zhao, Ran Wei, Former Yan, Eastern Wei, and Northern Qi, and was the political, economic, military, and cultural center of the Yellow River Basin for four centuries.
The four dynasties with Yecheng as their capital
During this period, because the pavilion pottery was only more than 200 miles away from Yecheng, it became one of the "three Weis" of Gyeonggi from the beginning of Cao Wei, and at the same time, there was a white ditch flowing through the west side of the pavilion, and Cao Cao dug a Licao Canal to communicate with Zhangshui and Baigou, so that it could communicate with Luoyang from the south of Baigou, and Guantao thus became both the eastern barrier of Yecheng and the throat of Yecheng to Luoyang. Probably because of this, Guantao began with Cao Wei, first becoming the seat of Yangping Commandery in the second year of the Huang Dynasty (221), and then in the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580) in Yangping County. At that time, the administrative division level was a three-level system of prefectures, counties, and counties, corresponding to today's words, the state was equivalent to a province, and the county was equivalent to a prefecture-level city, so the guantao county town at that time was equivalent to today's provincial city, with three levels of leadership institutions at the provincial, prefecture-level and county levels.
Yangping Commandery during the Northern Wei Dynasty
Near the Tang Dynasty Pavilion, there is the Yongji Canal, which is under the jurisdiction of Wei Prefecture
Due to the demolition of Yecheng and the relocation of the people in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yecheng was no longer prosperous, and the pavilion pottery also fell from the altar of the prefecture and county administration, and became an ordinary county in the Sui Dynasty. Although there was the Yongji Canal of the Grand Canal dug by the Sui Emperor along the Baigou of the Cao Cao period, Guantao County became an important town along the way, and Li Shimin and Li Jiancheng fought here in the early Tang Dynasty, and also walked out of the famous Wei Hui, but it could not hide the decline after losing its status as a regional central city. After the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, in order to envelop the old department of Anshi in Hebei, the imperial court placed Wei Bojie in today's Hebei Daming, and from then on, the area around Daming began to rise, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, it became one of the four capitals of "Beijing".
The four capitals of the Song Dynasty, Beijing is the daimyo
During the Tang and Song dynasties, Guantao became a suburb of the regional central city "Damingfu", although the distance was not far, but the influence was not large. Only the Yongji Canal "Royal River" around him, because the Sui Dynasty Emperor marched through Goryeo and prevented the rebel army Liu Heimin from escaping from Li Shimin's pursuit and let Guantao leave a name in history, and then there was the Daming, Guantao, Enzhou, Hejian and Xiongzhou lines as a communication channel during the peacetime period of Song and Liao, and the Song Dynasty prime minister Wang Anshi passed through Guantao and left a verse of "Sending Uncles in Yongji Road":
The lights hurried out of the museum pottery, looking back at the first high of Yongji Day. It seems to smell the empty house bird Wule, and I feel more desolate. The road time is really abandoned, and the spring wind side plug is only xiao sullen. Under the Xinyi tree, Wutangwei, when will the handle get Ru Cao.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Guantao County was located in the first line of roads from Daming to Enzhou
After experiencing those magnificent events in history, the Yuan Dynasty Guantao County gradually fell silent, became thick and steady, just like a big hero who took away the sharp edge and turned into a simple, gentle old farmer. "Although it is not as vigorous as when I was a hero, I am also down-to-earth, rich in people and materials, and living and working in peace and contentment."
Guantao County during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Guantao County was the county seat
The Ming Dynasty determined the outline of most of the provincial boundaries in China today, Guantao County is located in the western part of Shandong Province, adjacent to the Ming Dynasty's northern direct subordination and the Qing Dynasty's direct subordination, although there is a "Wei Cao" that the royal family regards as the lifeblood, but it is only for the grain of Henan Province to go north, far more prosperous than the Grand Canal that cannot flow through Dongchangfu City. However, it is precisely because of this that the simple, frugal and virtuous character of the museum pottery people has been accumulated. Just like the records of the state, provinces, and governments at all levels in the Ming and Qing dynasties on the customs of the people of Guantao:
"Daming Yi Tongzhi": customs are close to Dun Hou, the family knows the etiquette, the customs are frugal, the people read more, the morale is polite, and the virtuous and generous are good. "Shandong Tongzhi": Scholarly poetry book, still etiquette, simple people, no flashiness. "Dongchang Fu Zhi": Family practice Confucianism, people with Wenming, Nongsang Wuben, Hukou Yinfu.
There is a word called "Biwu can be sealed", which probably means: in the Tang and Yu dynasties, there were many sages, and almost every family had virtues that could be knighted. After the metaphor of social stability, folk simplicity, but also describe the achievements of education and reformation.
Isn't this the true portrayal of the pottery at that time?
Although the Guantao people are simple and virtuous, they are bloody. At the beginning of the last century, when the provincial chairman of the Nationalist government called on the governments at all levels to flee with him, Fan Zhuxian, a Guantao man, telegraphed the whole country: "Look north and never cross the south." He vowed to lead me to guerrilla fighters and arm the populace in order to deal with the Slaves. Success or failure is blunt, and it does not matter, bow down to the best of your ability, and do not hesitate. "35 detachments, 3 road civilian armies, and about 60,000 anti-Japanese armed forces were organized.
Tateta Prefecture in 1911
Although General Fan was martyred in the face of the enemy's outnumbered and outnumbered, the team he pulled up later became the main force of the Central Plains Field Army under the leadership of our party, and fought all the way through the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the southwest. Many comrades in the contingent have taken up posts as leading cadres at the provincial, ministerial, departmental, and bureau levels, and have made great contributions to the construction of a new China.
In 1947, Guantao County was a special district in the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Liberated Area
During the arduous years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, this river, which had flowed in Guantao County for thousands of years, no matter how cattle names it was in history: Baigou, Yongji Canal, and Yuhe, but since the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, this river has become an important part of the enemy's policy of "using railways as pillars, highways (including several large rivers) as chains, and pillboxes as locks" to establish a "cage" policy to blockade, so that the battles of our soldiers and civilians were forced to be divided into two parts: Weidong and Weixi. Even so, the secret communication lines established by the people of Guantao can guarantee the exchanges between the military and political leaders in the Jinji-Hebei Luyu anti-Japanese base area at any time. The old revolutionary areas around Weixi Fangzhai Town became one of the bases that did not fall when the anti-Japanese war situation was at its most severe in 1942 and 1943.
Map of Guantao County in front of the provincial border by the Wei Canal
After the founding of New China, in order to cooperate with the unified arrangements of the state to control floods and control the Haihe River, the county seat of Guantao County was first moved from the Jin Dynasty to the South Pavilion Tao on the east bank of the Wei Canal, and the county was bounded by the Wei Canal at the end of 1964, and the east bank of the river was divided into Guan County and Linqing City in Shandong Province, and the area of the county was reduced by nearly half. The Guantao County on the west bank of the river was assigned to Hebei Province, and since then the western corner of the land of Qilu has become the eastern gate of the land of Yanzhao, and the Wei River, which originally passed through the county in the county, has become a boundary river with Shandong.