On July 4, 1973, Chairman Mao said in a conversation:
"'Father Liang' says it can't work now, there is hope in the future." Jun did not see Gao Yang drunkard drafting,' 'Command Ruo Ding is like a whirlwind'. At that time, I was full of spirits. I added a few words more completely: 'Unexpectedly, Han Xin did not obey, and the 100,000-strong army went down to Licheng. The King of Qi was furious and captured the drunkard Fu Ding. 'Got him out of the frying pan. ”
Liang's Father Yin (梁父吟) was written by Tianbao Sanzai (744) when Li Bai left Chang'an. Through the stories of Lü Shang, Li Shiqi, and some myths and legends, the author expresses the resentment of setbacks and the desire to look forward to the knowledge of the Ming King. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, changes and trance, and is full of tragedy. The Southern Song Dynasty poet Ge Lifang said in volume 11 of the "Yunyu Yangqiu": "The first word is that the fishing meets the King of Wen, and the drunkard meets Gao Zu, and the pawn laments that he has not met himself." ”
Chairman Mao was very fond of Li Taibai's poem, and he had handwritten the full text of the poem of more than three hundred words.
Li Bai's description of the "Gaoyang drunkard" Li Zhiqi in "Liang Father Yin" is:
Jun did not see Gaoyang drunkard drafting, Changyang Shandong Long Zhun Gong. The entrance does not worship eloquence, and the two women quit washing to the wind. Descend to the seventy-second city of Qi in the east, commanding Chu Han ruxuan.
Sima Qian said in the "History of Li Sheng Lu Jialie's Biography": Li Shiqi was a Qin Dynasty Chen Liu Gaoyang person, "the family was poor and depressed, there was no way to eat and clothing, for the inner prison door official, but the county's xianhao did not dare to serve, and the county was called a mad student." It can be seen that Li Shi's family is poor and destitute, and he does not even have an industry that can afford to dress and eat for himself, so he has to become a lowly official who guards the inner door. Therefore, Li Baishi said that he was "drafting". Despite this, the magi and the mighty in the county did not dare to serve him casually, and the people in the county feared him and called him a "mad student".
However, Sima Qian, at the beginning of the biography of Li Sheng Lu Jialie, explained Li Shi's "good reading" before "family poverty". It is precisely because of its "good reading" that everything in the world is known. It is precisely because of his "good reading" that he understands the thinking and doctrine of ancient thinkers.
Li Shiqi was an elder, more than ten years older than Qin Shi Huang. Although he is an old man with more than sixty years, he is strong, brave and courageous. When Chen Sheng, Xiang Liang, and others rebelled against the Qin, the generals of all walks of life attacked the city strategically, and there were several groups passing through Gaoyang, and Li Yiqi was bent on defecting to the rebel army, but he heard that these people were all self-conscious and could not listen to the advice, so he lived in simplicity, hid himself, and did not meet these people.
When Liu Bang, who had a "rough plan", led his troops to the outskirts of Chen Liu, one of Liu Bang's knights was precisely the son of the deceased in his neighborhood, and Liu Bang often asked him about the sage Junjie in his hometown. One day, the knight came home, and Li Shiqi was very happy to see him, but he said to him with concern: "I heard that Liu Bang was arrogant and looked down on people, but he had many great strategies, which is exactly the person I really wanted to follow, but I was suffering from no one recommending it for me." When you see Liu Bang, you can say to him directly: 'There is a Mr. Li in my hometown, who is more than sixty years old and eight feet tall, and people call him a madman, but he himself says that he is not a madman.' ’”
The knight replied, "Liu Bang did not like Confucianism, and many people came to see him wearing Confucian hats, and he immediately took off their hats and peed inside." When talking to people, they scold at every turn. So you'd better not lobby him as a Confucian. ”
Li Shiqi said, "Just say what I taught you." ”
After the knight returned, he calmly told Liu Bang according to Li Shiqi's instructions.
Liu Bang came to Gaoyang, stayed at the hostel, and sent someone to summon Li Shiqi to come and meet him. When Li Shiqi came to see Liu Bang, Liu Bang was sitting on the edge of the bed stretching his legs for the two women to wash their feet. Li Yi was not good at etiquette, his courage was outstanding, and after he went in, he only made a long bow and did not lean down to worship, that is, Li Baishiyun "Changyang Shandong Longjungong", "Long Zhungong" that is, Liu Bang. Long Zhun, refers to the nose is hypertrophied, the bridge of the nose is straight. The "History of Gao Zu Benji" says that Liu Bang was "long and long-faced".
Li Shiqi also angrily asked Liu Bang, "Do you want to help the Qin state attack the princes, or do you want to lead the princes to destroy the qin state?" ”
Liu Bang scolded, "You slave is born of Confucianism!" The people of the world have been suffering from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty for a long time, so the princes have gradually rebelled against the tyranny of Qin, how can you say that you helped the Qin State to attack the princes? ”
Li Said: "If you are determined to gather the people and gather righteous soldiers to overthrow the tyrannical Qin Dynasty, then you should not use this arrogant attitude to meet the elders." ”
Therefore, Liu Bang immediately stopped washing his feet, dressed neatly, invited Li Shiqi to the seat of the guest, and apologized to him.
Therefore, Li Shiqi's "eloquence" and the strategy used by the Six Kingdoms to unite and cross, Liu Bang was overjoyed, ordered someone to bring food, let Li Shi eat his meal, and then asked: "In your opinion, what plan should we determine today?" ”
Li Shiqi said, "You have gathered together a ragtag crowd and scattered soldiers, all of whom are less than 10,000 people, if you use this to directly confront Qiang Qin, it is what people often call 'sheep probing the tiger's mouth'!" Chen Liu is the world's main traffic route, a place with all directions, and now there are many grain stores in the city. Chen Liu's county order and I are very good, please send me to him and persuade him to surrender to you. If he does not obey, you will send troops to attack the city, and I can serve as an internal response in the city. ”
Therefore, Liu Bang sent Li Shiqi to follow him with his own troops, thus capturing Chen Liu, laying the foundation for the later victory over Xiang Yu, the king of Western Chu. While Liu Bang was happy, he specially gave the anti-Qin fighter Li The title of "Guangye Jun".
After Li Shiqi gained control of Chen Liu for Liu Bang, he also planned for Liu Bang: according to Xingyang Ao Cang, he commanded the world.
In the autumn of the third year of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Xiang Yu attacked the King of Han and captured the city of Xingyang, and the Han soldiers fled to Baogong and Luo. Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu several times at Xingyang and Chenggao, so he wanted to abandon the territory east of Chenggao, and Tun Bing Gong and Luo Yi confronted the Chu army.
After Li Shiqi knew about it, he rushed to dissuade Liu Bang, and he said: "I have heard that those who know that heaven is heaven can achieve the great cause of reunification; but those who do not know why heaven is heaven cannot achieve the great cause of reunification." The king regards the people as heaven, and the people regard food as heaven. In this place of AoCang, the world has been transporting grain to this place for a long time. I've heard that there's a lot of grain stored here right now. Therefore, please hurry up and march again, recover Xingyang, occupy the grain of AoCang, block the dangerous points of Chenggao, block the main traffic routes of Taihang, choke the Fox Pass, and guard the Baima Jindu. Let the princes see the actual situation today, then the people of the world will know which side to submit to. ”
After hearing this, Liu Bang said happily, "Well, that's it!" "Again sent troops to defend Ao Cang.
After Liu Bang took Xingyang and occupied AoCang, he also stabilized the Central Plains; the Central Plains were the foundation of China, so stabilizing the Central Plains also laid the foundation for the unification of the whole country. Later, the development of the situation was also as expected.
After defending Ao Cang, Liu Bang sent Li Shiqi to the State of Qi.
When Li Shiqi arrived in the State of Qi, he single-handedly went straight to the King of Qi and said, "Do you know the destination of the people's hearts in the world?" ”
King Qi replied, "I don't know. ”
Li Shiqi said: "If the king knows where the world belongs, then the state of Qi can have it; if he does not know where the world belongs, that is, the state of Qi cannot be guaranteed." ”
King Qi asked, "To whom do the hearts of the people of the world belong?" ”
Li Shiqi said, "Return to the King of Han." ”
King Qi asked again, "Why did sir say that?" ”
After analyzing the situation in Chu and Han, Li Shiqi clearly told them: "All the talents in the world have defected to the King of Han, and the King of Han can drive them when they sit down." The King of Han led the army of Shu Han to pacify the Three Qins, occupied a large area of land beyond the West River, led the elite shangdang army that had surrendered to the party, captured Jingxing, killed Cheng Anjun, defeated The Wei Leopard in Hebei, and occupied thirty-two cities. This is like the invincible army of Xuanyu, not by human strength, but by the blessing of Heaven. Now that the King of Han had seized the grain of Ao Cang, blocked the danger of Chenggao, guarded the White Horse Ferry, blocked the Main Road of Taihang, and guarded the Fox Pass, if the princes of the world wanted to surrender at the end, they would be destroyed first. If you quickly surrender to the King of Han, then the society of the State of Qi can still be preserved; if you do not surrender to the King of Han, then the moment of peril will come immediately. ”
Qi Wang Tian Guang thought that Li Shiqi's words were right, so he obeyed him, removed the soldiers under Li Cheng's garrison and prepared for war, and drank and had fun with Li Shiqi every day. This is Li Baishiyun: "Go east to QiCheng Seventy-two, and command Chu Han like a whirlwind." ”
When Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin, heard that Li Shiqi had no effort, sat on a car and ran, with three inches of uncorrupted tongue, he obtained more than seventy cities and pools in the State of Qi, and his heart was very unconvinced, so he took advantage of the cover of night to lead his troops across the plains and sneak into the State of Qi.
When Qi Wang Tian Guang heard that the Han soldiers had arrived, he thought that Li Shiqi had betrayed him, so he said to Li Shiqi, "If you can stop the Han army from attacking, I will let you live; otherwise, I will cook you!" ”
Li Shiqi said: "People who do great things are not informal, and people with great virtue are not afraid of being blamed by others." Lao Tzu will never lobby Han Xin for you again! ”
Therefore, the King of Qi ordered Li Zhi to be cooked to death, and then led his troops to flee eastward, and the State of Qi was captured by Han Xin.
For such an anti-Qin hero who bravely championed the three armies, Liu Bang has never forgotten. In the twelfth year of Han Gaozu (195 BC), Li Shiqi's younger brother Marquis Li of Quzhou led an army to attack Tuobu as a chancellor.
When Han Gaozu was awarded the title of Marquis of Li, he missed Li Zhiqi very much. Li Shiqi's son Li Li (郦庎) led troops to fight many battles, but his military merits had not yet reached the level of a marquis, but Liu Bang still made Li Li the Marquis of Gaoliang, in order to remember his father's anti-Qin exploits, and later changed his name to Yi in Wusui, and the throne was passed down for three generations.
Li Bai's "Liang Fu Yin" sings the deeds of Li Zhiqi, taking only his proud side of the spring breeze, not his unlucky side. 所以毛主席说，郦食其“那时神气十足。 I add a few words, more completely":
Unexpectedly, Han Xin disobeyed, and an army of 100,000 went down to Licheng. The King of Qi was furious and captured the drunkard Fu Ding.
These four sentences added by Chairman Mao are also the tragic end of Li's fate.
Liu Bang's first meeting with Li Shiqi was first seen in the missing Chu Han Chunqiu, which is said to have been recorded by Lu Jia and appended to the New Language Annotations, Yun: "After Chen Liu, Li Sheng asked to see, and the messenger entered the pass." Q: 'What kind of man?' ''Like a great Confucian. Shang: "We regard the world as a matter, and we have not had time to see the Great Confucian." The Messenger spoke out. Li Sheng looked at the sword with disgust and said, "Entering the words: Gao Yang drunkards, non-Confucians also." ’”
Sima Qian's "Biography of Lu Jialie, Li Sheng" collected more material and wrote brilliantly about the meeting: "Pei Gong went to Gaoyang to pass on the house, so that people summoned Li Sheng. Li was born to, into the Gurudwara. Pei Gongfang's bed made the two women wash their feet, and li sheng was seen. Li Sheng entered, then Chang Yi did not worship, saying: 'Do you want to help Qin attack the princes?' And want to lead the princes to break Qin also? Pei Gong scolded: "Shu Ru! Fu Tianxia has been suffering from Qin for a long time, so the princes have led the attack on Qin, what is it to help Qin attack the princes? Li Sheng said: "It is necessary to gather disciples and righteous soldiers to attack The Daoqin, and it is not appropriate to see the elders." So Pei Gong quit washing, got up his clothes, and Yan Lisheng sat up, thanking him. The two sentences in Li Bai's "Liang Father Yin" that "the entrance does not worship eloquence, and the two daughters quit washing to the wind" are exactly this record of Being born out of Sima Qian.
In his speech at the enlarged Central Work Conference on January 30, 1962, Chairman Mao also made an oral description of Liu Bang's first meeting with Li Shiqi:
"There was an intellectual named Li Shiqi who went to see Liu Bang. The first newspaper said that it was a reader, Confucius's faction. He replied that in the current military period, there is no Confucian life. He said to the man in charge of the concierge, "You roll me in and report that Lao Tzu is a Gaoyang drunkard, not a Confucian." The concierge went in and made a report. Okay, please. Invited in, Liu Bang was washing his feet and rushed to welcome. Li Shiqi criticized Liu Bang for not seeing Ru Sheng's affairs, and there was still fire in his heart. He said, do you want to take the world, why do you despise the elders! At this time, Li Zhiqi was already in his sixties, and Liu Bang was younger than him, so he called himself an elder. Upon hearing this, Liu Bang apologized to him and immediately adopted Li Shiqi's opinion of seizing Chen Liu County. For this matter, see the Biography of Lu Jialie. ”
Liu Bang beheaded the white snake