In 502, Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu officially eliminated the Xiao Qi Dynasty and established the Xiao Liang Dynasty. Since then, the Southern Dynasty has entered the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang. In the north at the same time, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei died of illness at the age of 33, and his young son Yuan Ke succeeded to the throne for only 3 years.
The new official took office with three fires, let alone the emperor? So in 505 AD, Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu organized a series of Northern Expeditions. The first appearance was the Northern Expedition led by Xiao Hong, the king of Linchuan, which, although Xiao Hong's performance was a mess, triggered the Battle of Zhong Li, which eventually led to the defeat of Northern Wei with nearly 300,000 casualties under the efforts of Wei Rui, Chang Yizhi, Cao Jingzong and others.
After tasting the sweetness, Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu was determined to recover the lost town of Shouyang in Southern Qi. Even in 514 AD, at the expense of 300,000 laborers, a huge Fushan Weir was built, and as a result, the Fushan Weir collapsed, resulting in the death and injury of hundreds of thousands of people in a radius of hundreds of miles, which can be said to be more than worth the loss.
After the Fushanyan incident, Emperor Wu of Liang began to be a little embarrassed. After all, not long after he ascended the throne, his national strength has not yet fully recovered, how can he be so blind? So Emperor Wu of Liang began to recuperate and focus on the development of productive forces. So did the Northern Expedition just forget about it? That's impossible! Emperor Wu of Liang always remembered the Northern Expedition, but he changed his way, that is, to be small and broad!
After the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of northern Wei, domestic contradictions became increasingly acute, especially in the later period of the reign of Emperor Xuanwu Yuan Ke, who distrusted the clan and reused foreign relatives Gao Zhao, which gradually led to the decline of the Northern Wei dynasty.
After Yuan Ke's death, the 6-year-old Yuan Xue succeeded to the throne, which directly led to Empress Dowager Hu's chaotic government, which in turn triggered the Northern Wei Liuzhen Rebellion. In 528, Erzhu Rong entered the Jingqin King and destroyed more than 2,000 nobles and officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was equivalent to exchanging blood for the Northern Wei high-level.
In such a turbulent era of the Northern Wei Dynasty, our old master Emperor Wu of Liang, while eating and praying to the Buddha, while recuperating and recuperating, was still moving the careful thinking of the Northern Expedition, which was really rare!
After the defeat at Fushanyan, Emperor Wu of Liang seemed to have learned to be obedient, believing that the Northern Wei Dynasty was so turbulent that it did not need a large army to attack the city.
So a series of small and large Northern Expedition battles began.
During the First Northern Expedition, in 524 AD, Pei and Xiahou Qi recaptured Shouyang.
During the Second Northern Expedition, in 527 AD, Xiahou Kui and Zhan Monk Zhi recaptured Woyang.
During the Third Northern Expedition, in 529 AD, Chen Qingzhi conquered Luoyang.
The Fourth Northern Expedition, in 532 AD, Yuan Qinghe returned without success.
The number of troops sent out in these four Northern Expeditions was not large, and the results of these Northern Expeditions were doomed by a small and broad policy. If you want to have high returns, the invested capital must naturally be large, but Emperor Wu of Liang does not think so, what can you do?
Pei Yi was a famous general of the Southern Dynasty, and took the lead in sending 3,000 men and horses straight to Shouyang City, and fought with the Northern Wei Yangzhou Assassin Sun Zhi for 9 rounds. Because the number of people was too small, the support force did not keep up, and the result was fruitless.
After that, Pei Yi collected the remnants and successively conquered the cities of Diqiu, Yongcheng, and Li Pul. This frightened Wang Yuanchen, who was stationed in the city father, if it were not for Yuan Xue's repeated urging to march, this brother might have slipped away, after all, Pei Xiao was too capable of fighting.
After Yuan Chen arrived, he joined forces with the eldest grandson Zhi, totaling 50,000 people. At this time, the number of Southern Liang troops is unknown, but it is certainly far inferior to that of Northern Wei, otherwise it would have attacked Shouyang long ago.
Next year, the restoration of Wei Xincai County, slightly as far as Zhengcheng, Ruying, where the response. Wei Shouyang's generals Changsun Zhi and Wang Yuanchen of Hejian led a crowd of 50,000 people out of the city to challenge. The generals of The Zhi Cabinet, Li Zupi, were sent to the Zhige general Li Zupi to induce the childish, and the young and others were chased by the people, and the four Zhens competed for the four zhens, and the Wei people were defeated. Decapitation of more than 10,000 levels. Childish and waiting to run, closed the door and self-reliant, do not dare to come back. --- Book of Liang
As soon as the 50,000-strong army left the city, it was defeated by 4 men and horses under Pei Xiao's ambush, killing and wounding more than 10,000 people, and since then the Northern Wei army has not dared to go out of the city to fight. Unfortunately, pei died in the army not long after.
The main general died, but the great cause of the Northern Expedition could not be delayed, so Xiao Yan asked Xiahou Qi to take over Pei's work and continue the Northern Expedition. It seemed that the lesson of the last fushanyan was not enough, Xiao Yan actually wanted to play a flood of Shouyang City, which frightened the Northern Wei army and trembled.
Due to the surge in Huaishui, Xiahou Qi decisively sent troops to besiege Shouyang. At that time, Changsun Zhi had already been transferred, and the newly arrived Yangzhou Assassin Li Xian could not withstand this double pressure at all, and actually chose to surrender the city, and the Northern Expedition army did not use much force to easily recover Shouyang. It has to be said that Pei Wei made immortal merits in this battle to recover Shouyang.
Xiao Yan, the Emperor of Liangwu, who tasted the sweetness, immediately organized another Northern Expedition the following year. This time, he sent Sizhou Assassin Shi Xiahou Kui and Shi Zhanshengzhi of Chenzhou to attack The Eastern Yu Prefecture of Northern Wei.
At this time, the interior of the Northern Wei Dynasty, ruled by Empress Dowager Hu, could be described as a mess. The Turmoil in the Hearts of the Northern Wei Army directly led to successive victories of the Southern Liang army, and successively conquered the three passes of The Northern Wei of Jing, Muling, and Yinshan.
Among them, the fighting power of shi zhan monk zhi in chenzhou was bursting, and shi yuanqinghe of the eastern Yu prefecture of northern Wei was trapped in Woyang, and the reinforcements brought by yuanxian bo of northern Wei were defeated by the way of siege and reinforcement. Xiahou Fu also came to help, cutting off the way for the Wei army to retreat.
After this calf, Yuan Qinghe, under heavy pressure, had no intention of fighting at all, and had to choose to go out of the city and surrender. Since then, The Vortex Sun has fallen into the hands of Nan Liang.
The Cause of the Northern Expedition can be described as thriving, and Emperor Wu of Liang was very happy, thinking that he had obtained a relatively high return without spending much capital. In fact, what Emperor Wu of Liang did not know was that he had already begun to miss the best time for the Northern Expedition.
Because in 528 AD, the Northern Wei Six Towns Uprising had reached a time when it was in full swing, and Erzhu Rong, Ge Rong, Du Luozhou and other tyrants rose one after another, and in another 2 years this uprising would end.
If during this period, taking advantage of the chaos of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Liang was able to send a large army to the Northern Expedition, the result could be imagined. But when our Liangwu Emperor realized this, he actually only asked Chen Qingzhi to send 7,000 people to the Northern Expedition.
Erzhu Rong created the Heyin Massacre, causing the Northern Wei emperors to flee to Southern Liang, and Emperor Wu of Liang conveniently established Yuan Hao as emperor of Northern Wei and sent Chen Qingzhi with 7,000 men and horses to escort him to Luoyang to ascend the throne.
Good fellow, thanks to Chen Qingzhi's ability, with such a few people, he fought 47 battles in Northern Wei, won all of them, and successively recovered 32 cities, took Xingyang, Hu prison and other important towns, and then captured Luoyang.
Gao Zufu gave the title of Mei Yan (美焉). Qingzhi's men wore white robes and were invincible. First of all, the Luoyang nursery rhyme said: "The famous master general Mo Zi is imprisoned, and thousands of soldiers and horses avoid white robes." "As for Luoyang, the fourteenth century level, the thirty-two cities, the forty-seven battles, the direction is invincible. --- Book of Liang
However, there was no way to continue with such a few people, and Emperor Wu of Liang went to the temple to eat and pray the Buddha at this time, and he had no time to send reinforcements to Chen Qingzhi. When Erzhu Rong eased up, the army moved south, instantly crushing the 100,000 remnants of the army that Yuan Hao had picked up along the way, and even the 7,000 men and horses with Chen Qingzhi were destroyed.
Therefore, the timing of Chen Qingzhi's Northern Expedition was actually the best time for Southern Liang to seize the world. Unfortunately, Emperor Wu of Liang refused to make a contribution, still thinking of being small and broad, that was not a joke!
After this Northern Expedition, Emperor Wu of Liang still did not seem to wake up: Northern Wei you are chaotic, if I make a big Northern Expedition, I will lose! This made the Northern Wei chaotic tyrants happy.
In 532, due to the surrender of Liu Shimin of northern Wei to Southern Liang, the northern Wei city lord of Jianyi, Lan Bao, killed Xuzhou and sacrificed the city of Pi to surrender to Southern Liang, and coupled with the civil war between Gao Huan and the Erzhu family, Emperor Wu of Liang once again had the idea of a small and large northern expedition.
However, this time Emperor Wu of Liang was even more perfunctory, he did not even want to send his own people, but sent Yuan Qing and led troops to the Northern Expedition. Remember Yuan Qinghe? Yuan Qinghe used to work for Northern Wei, and since Xiahou Fu had taken Woyang, Yuan Qinghe surrendered to Southern Liang.
This time, Emperor Wu of Liang enfeoffed Yuan Qinghe as the false King of Wei and the governor of Northern Province, leading troops in the Northern Expedition. You said that a general, how many soldiers and horses can Emperor Wu of Liang give? Obviously!
After Yuan Qinghe sent troops, he learned that the Northern Wei court had sent troops to suppress it, which frightened him to immediately retreat and trotted all the way back to Southern Liang. Emperor Liangwu smiled helplessly and shook his head: Yuanqing and your boy, your mouth is very slippery, but your guts are as small as a mouse. (That's how the idiom timid as a rat comes from.) ）
Emperor Xiao Yan of Liangwu conferred on the general Xinwu the title of Governor of Northern Province, False King of Wei, northern expedition. After reaching Xiangcheng, the Northern Wei court sent out a teacher to ask for it, and the wind retreated. Xiao Yan's reproach: "Words are the same as a hundred tongues, and the courage is like a weasel." "So I migrated to Hepu." --- Book of Wei
Don't talk about YuanQinghe, just ask you Emperor Liangwu himself, if you are bold enough, why do you have so many people and horses every time you go north? Don't you dare to spend more money!
After that, Emperor Wu of Liang still wanted to go north and it would not be so easy. Because the Six Towns Uprising gradually disappeared, the Erzhu family was also gradually eliminated by Gao Huan. The civil unrest in the Northern Wei Dynasty had been quelled.
At this time, northern Wei, except for the Guanlong region, was ruled by Gao Huan, a powerful warrior, and no longer feared Emperor Wu of Liang's Northern Expedition. After Hou Jingnan's return, although Emperor Wu of Liang, at his instigation, still wanted to go north, he looked at the strength of Northern Wei and immediately slapped his own two mouths and gave up this idea.
From then on, Emperor Wu of Liang lost the opportunity to unify the world. From 524 AD, when Emperor Wu of Liang first went through the Northern Expedition, to 532 AD, Emperor Wu of Liang's last serious Northern Expedition, for a full 9 years, northern Wei was in a state of civil strife. But he just can't grasp these opportunities, what can you do?
References: Book of Liang, Book of Wei
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