Ours is evolved from species called Homo sapiens, early modern humans, anatomically modern humans and modern modern humans, which evolved from earlier anthropocene species such as ancient apes and Homo erectus.
In contrast to Neanderthals or other contemporaries and older human beasts, scholars believe that Homo sapiens had several characteristics in common. They consist of a spherical head, a ridge of the forehead divided into central and lateral parts, a protruding chin in the middle of the lower jaw and a narrow pelvis. Our faces are short and flat compared to our cousins, and our facial features are located below our brains.
Human evolution
Ruins southeast of Safi, Morocco
The oldest dating example of Homo sapiens fossils comes from the site discovered by Jebel Yroud, which was discovered in 1960 during a mining operation at the Jebel Yroud plot southeast of Safi, Morocco. The site was re-excavated in the 1960s and 21st century. There, researchers found a wealth of animal bones and stone tools that demonstrated the Levallois stone tool technique, a tool-making method invented by Homo sapiens.
The human fossils found in Jebel Irhoud include parts of the bones of at least five people, including three adults, one adolescent and a child of about 7.5 years old. These bones include an almost intact skull and a separate brain shell that belongs to adults, as well as mandibles, humeral shafts, an bones, and other fragments belonging to sub-adults. The faces of these men looked familiar, but the heads were smaller and elongated than those of later Homo sapiens.
The importance of the fossils discovered by Jebel Ilaud is that it proves that the facial morphology of Homo sapiens was established very early, and that the evolutionary changes over the next thousand years focused on the shape and size of the brain crate.
Skull at the Spring Ruins of Florisbad
Florisbad, also known as the Florisbad Spring Site, is located in the central part of the free state province of South Africa. It has produced 259,000-year-old Medieval artifacts as well as parts of the skulls and teeth of late Paleomodern humans. Florisbad is sometimes classified as a Herme or Heidelberger, but many paleontologists consider them Homo sapiens.
Human fossils were discovered in 1912 and described in 1913 by pioneer paleontologist Robert Broom. The first excavations were made in Florisbad in the 1920s and further research was carried out in the 1950s, 1980s and 1990s. During the Middle Pleistocene period, the florisbad ruins were located next to a large lake. Animal bones recovered in Florisbad include extinct zebras, buffalo, wildebeest, springbok, hippopotamus, antelope, otter and flamingos. Scientists believe the site was briefly inhabited by a group of hunter-gatherers of Homo sapiens who made stone tools to slaughter specific prey.
Evolutionary biologist Carina Schlebusch and colleagues compared DNA from ancient human remains in the KwaZulu Natal region of South Africa and found evidence supporting Florisbad's deep dating, suggesting that modern humans appeared 300,000 years ago.
Omoky Bish
Omoky bish is one of several sites found in ancient rock formations called kibish, which itself lies in the lower reaches of the Omo River at the bottom of a mountain range in southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian paleontologist Kamoa
In 1967 Richard Niche
The Omo River was discovered at the site during the excavation. Remnants of fossils found during niche investigations include skulls, several pieces of upper limbs and shoulder bones, several bones of the right hand, the lower end of the right leg, part of the pelvis, fragments of the lower leg and right foot, and some rib and vertebrae fragments.
Surveys of the site between 2001 and 2003 found that other parts of the same person, including more contiguous parts of the pelvis and femur. These new works suggest that Omo Kibish 1 was a woman who died as an adult from young to middle age. There is evidence that she gave birth before her death. Researchers estimate that she weighs about 160 pounds (74 kilograms) and is between 5 1/2 and 6 feet (171-184 centimeters) tall.
These measurements are estimates because her legs are shorter than the researchers expected based on the first findings. Scholars say there is no reason to expect this to be the second person, as no duplicate bones have been found and they are all recycled from the same formation.
The jaw part excavated from Misri Cave
Misri Cave is located on the western slopes of Mount Carmel in Israel, near an important crossroads from Africa into Eurasia. The rock bunker is part of a series of collapsed prehistoric cave sites on the western slope of Mount Carmel south of Haifa.
Discovered in 1925 by Swedish paleontologist Fritz Brozen, Misri was not fully excavated until the late 20th century. The Mesolithic meso-rise complex contains about 80,000 pieces using mature Levallois
Technically made stone tools, rich animal bones and bone fragments and a clear hearth. Human remains were found in excavations conducted between 2001 and 2011.
Misri is currently the oldest Homo sapiens site found outside Of Africa. Elements of adult humanity recovered from this site include the part of the lower jaw, some bones around the grooves, the top of the mouth, the base of the nasal cavity, and the entire upper left dentition.
The Afar Depression in Ethiopia
Ethiopia's Afar Depression contains many important paleontological sites, including the Hett site. Herto contains tools from the Middle Stone Age, as well as animal and human remains. Artefacts and stratigraphic-associated animal fossils include extinct buffalo, hippopotamus, horses, rats, antelopes, and wildebeests. Stonework includes a range of Leviluar technical objects such as axes, cores, flakes and blades. During the middle Paleolithic occupation, animals and humans lived on the edge of freshwater lakes.
Three Homo sapiens skulls were found in Hett, including the full right side of an adult male, a juvenile skull and another adult male represented primarily by fragments of the dome.
Herto contains the earliest evidence of homo sapiens funerary activity. All three skulls show evidence of modifications as part of the practice of housing: they are cut into parallel lines, and the broken edges are smoothed and polished.
Animal skeletons unearthed in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China
The earliest Homo sapiens sites in China probably predate the Levant and Europe. Prior to their discovery, the earliest Homo sapiens sites in eastern Arabia were Tianyuan Cave in northern China, Nya Cave in Borneo and Lake Mungo in Australia, none of which were more than 50,000 years old.
A primitive human race discovered in the Paleolithic period in the Fuyan Cave in Tangbei Village. The cave is part of a large pipe-type karst system with a rich combination of fossil mammals. The extinct mammals represented in the collection include bears, hyenas, saber-toothed beasts, giant taps, and pigs. There are no stone tools in the collection, but in systematic excavations between 2011 and 2013, 47 distinctly clear human teeth were found, with measurements consistently in the Homo sapiens range. The date associated with human teeth ranges from 80,000 to 120,000 years.
The Jiang humanoid site comes from the Tongtianyan Cave, a labyrinthine cave system located in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China. In 1958, farmers discovered the skeleton while digging fertilizer in a cave. Pioneering Chinese geologist Li Youheng and Pei Wenzhong, the father of Chinese archaeology, visited the site shortly after discovering it. Almost intact human skulls and several retrocranial fragments were recovered from the site at the same level as typical Late Pleistocene fauna such as orangutans, rhinos, bears, saber-toothed beasts, pigs. The history of Liujiang dates back 68,000 to 153,000 years.
There are other places in China that may represent the early occupation of Homo sapiens, and if so, it is likely that the earliest emigration from Africa was along a southern dispersal route, and Homo sapiens' chances of successful entry into Europe and Eurasia were blocked by existing Neanderthal occupations.
Remains of Homo sapiens of Kafze, Israel
The Kafze Rock Bunker preserves some of the first deliberate funerals assigned to Homo sapiens, as well as some of the earliest evidence of personal ornaments. Located in the Izrear Valley in Israel's Lower Galilee region, the site was first excavated in the 1930s and then again from 1967 to 1979. The terraces before the opening of the cave were discovered to be entirely the site of the middle Paleolithic period, representing at least 24 occupational perspectives covering about 10,000 years of time.
Seven adult Homo sapiens, ten juveniles and some unattended bones and teeth were found in the middle layer of the Paleolithic, thought to be purposeful tombs. Levallois stone tools, hearth wrecks and small mammal bones were found at the site. The site also includes perforated mollusks that deliberately add o-stone spots, thought to represent personal ornaments, one of the hallmarks of modern human behavior. One of the cores of Levallois (Levallois) has parallel incisions that cut deep into stone tools.
Hanay
The mugharet es skuhl, or "children's cave" (i.e. the teenage goat), is a rocky sanctuary on the western side of Mount Carmel, south of Haifa, Israel. It was excavated entirely under the direction of a British archaeologist in 1932 by Dorothy Garrod and her student Theodore McColln. The excavations at McCown brought site occupation to bedrock, and since then all modern research has been done on carefully curated artifacts in several museums around the world.
Like the qafzeh cave, the main purpose of Skhul's fame seems to be to deliberately bury humans. Nine nearly intact hominid remains were recovered, four to seven of which are thought to be coffins. The stone tools on site are the classic Levallois (Levallois), with plenty of modified leaf-shaped projectile points as well as some hand axes.
The earliest members of the Homo sapiens species appeared in Africa in the late Mesocene, and researchers believe we evolved in sub-Saharan Africa tropics 300,000 years ago. Then we started moving out of Africa about 100,000 years ago, where we met Neanderthals and Denisovans and mated with them, bringing some of their genes into our own species before some of their genes disappeared from the earth. Below is a description of each of the earliest Homo sapiens fossils found and their significance.