The world's top ten satirical literature, the reason why great works are great, the key is to endure, read tirelessly!
Among the top ten satirical literature in the world, there are 3 in China, 3 in France, 2 in Russia, and 1 each in Britain and the United States. These works were born in the context of the recent history of war and exploitation, and some of them are well-known classics. Here's an overview of each article!
1. Eugenie Grande (France)
Eugenie Grande is a novel by the French critical realist novelist Balzac. The novel narrates a story of money destroying humanity and causing family tragedy, centering on the central event of Eugenie's love tragedy, with three intertwined plot threads of the waves caused by the tyranny of the Grande family, the open struggle between the two families of the banker and the notary outside the family, and the painful life of Eugenie's love for Charles Granté and Charlie's treacherous life.
Eugenie Grande is a colorful social genre painting of the french provinces of the first half of the 19th century. It exposes the evils of capitalist society, and the corrosion and destruction of people's minds and souls by money.
2. Dead Souls (Russia)
The representative work of the Russian writer Gogol, "Dead Souls", is the cornerstone of the development of Russian critical realist literature and the peak of the development of Gogol's realist creation.
The novel is about a swindler who speculates on the camp, a sixth-class civilian official who begskov to buy and sell dead spirits. Beggarkov came to a certain city and spent more than a week to open up the relationship between officials from the governor down to the construction technician, and then went to the outskirts of the city to bribe the serfs who had died but had not yet written off their hukou, and prepared to mortgage them as living serfs to the supervisory committee, and defrauded them of large deposits. He visited one landlord after another, and after fierce bargaining, bought a large number of dead souls, and when he happily and quickly completed the legal formalities of buying and selling with the already opened relationship, his evil deeds were exposed, the prosecutor was frightened to death by rumors, and Beggarkov had to flee in a hurry.
The publication of "Dead Souls" shocked the whole of Russia, and in the sharp pen of the author, the terrible realities of all kinds of greedy and ignorant landlords, corrupt and degenerate officials, and the miserable situation of the vast number of serfs were vividly exposed. Thus, with its profound ideological content, distinct critical tendencies and great artistic strength, it has become a masterpiece of Russian critical realist literature, a model of satire in Russian literature and world literature.
3. Merchant of Venice (England)
The Merchant of Venice is a play written by the British dramatist William Shakespeare and is a satirical comedy. One of Shakespeare's most classic works, through a love story, provokes a series of contradictions, and finally creates a mercenary villain image.
The plot of the play unfolds through three threads: one is Portia's choice of relatives; one is Jessica's love and elopement with Rolando; and the other is the contract dispute of "cutting a pound of flesh".
The theme of the play is to celebrate benevolence, friendship and love, but also reflects the contradictions between the commercial bourgeoisie and the usurers in the early capitalist period, and expresses the author's humanistic ideas on the issues of money, law and religion in bourgeois society. An important literary achievement of this play is to create the typical image of Sherlock, a mercenary, ruthless usury.
4. Miserly Man (France)
One of the most classic works of French literature, written by the famous comedy writer Molière, tells the story of the words and deeds of a miserly ghost who cut the door in the world, which is very ironic.
The protagonist, Abagon, is a typical miser and miser. He loves money as much as his life, and he is miserly. Not only was he very harsh on his servants and his family, but he even went to bed hungry himself, so that he could not sleep in the middle of the night, so he went to the horse barn to steal buckwheat. He insisted that his sons and daughters should marry rich widows and daughters to marry rich lords, regardless of the fact that his sons had their own favorites. When the money he had buried in the garden was taken away, he screamed and screamed, desperate to live, and painted the image of a scrooge who regarded money as his destiny. He was an old widower who lent money at usurious rates and thought that "the things of the world are precious." He was always afraid that others would calculate his money, so he buried ten thousand gold coins in the garden. He wanted to marry the young girl Mariana, but when Mariana came on a blind date, she went to the garden with Abagon's son Cleonte, and it turned out that the two had long been in love. Abagon was furious. He also found that the money buried in the garden was lost, and he was in pain. Abagon mistakenly believed that the money had been stolen by the aristocratic young Farrell disguised as a servant and took him to court. At the police station Mariana, Farrell and Angsai mo began to confess, resolve misunderstandings, and the two young couples were happily married.
The protagonists in "Miserly Man" and "Eugenie Grande", "Dead Souls" and "Merchant of Venice" are the four most famous miserly ghosts in the world.
5. Records of the Appearance of Officialdom (Late Qing Dynasty of China)
The Chronicle of the Appearance of officialdom sharply attacked the extremely decaying and dark bureaucracy at the end of feudal society. It is a masterpiece dedicated to exposing the darkness of the officialdom, which is a general dissection of the bureaucratic politics during the collapse of China's feudal society, from the military minister to the Zuozaxu official, and the comprehensive intake of the bottom of the pen. Most of the character stories in the book are based on real people and real events.
The author has created a group of bureaucratic images of all kinds, their official positions are high and low, the power is large and small, the means are different, but they are all vampires who "see money and open their eyes, and regard money as their fate".
What is written in the "Chronicle of the Present Form of Officialdom" is not about individual corrupt officials, but about the decay of the entire political system, no official, no greed, no official, no official The book outlines an ugly picture of an official group with eight tables and the same darkness.
Officialdom is corrupt, and natural morality is degraded. Those who are in a high position only know the pearls and jade demons, promote officials and get rich, and the so-called political achievements are nothing more than disasters to the country and the people. Looking at the whole book, the degeneration and alienation of human nature has reached a frightening point, and the writer directly denounces it as "the world of animals".
The classic works of the late Qing dynasty writer Li Boyuan tell the story of the officialdom, which is very ironic and critical.
6. The Flower of the Evil Sea (Qing Dynasty, China)
"Evil Sea Flower" is a long condemnation novel written by Jin Songcen and Zeng Pu in the Qing Dynasty. The novel uses metaphors, using the experiences of Suzhou Zhuangyuan Jin And the famous prostitute Fu Caiyun as clues, showing the historical changes in China's social, political and cultural life in the early years of the Tongzhi Dynasty to the 30 years of the Sino-Japanese War. The most concentrated and successful portrayal of feudal intellectuals and bureaucrats and doctors in the book highlights false fabrication and mediocrity.
7. A Q Zheng Biography (Republic of China)
Ah Q is the protagonist of Lu Xun's novella "The True Biography of Ah Q". Ah Q is a poor peasant, exploited and oppressed. He thought that the revolution was a rebellion and hated it, but when he saw the ruler panicking in the face of the revolution, he asked to join the revolution, and finally A Q was killed.
Ah Q was one of the typical representatives of China before and after the Xinhai Revolution, and Lu Xun's exquisite portrayal of Ah Q effectively satirized some old Chinese of the ugly hearts in society at that time, and severely criticized the corruption of the government at that time and the ignorance of the people. This is one of the top ten literary works worth reading, and it is also one of the most classic works of Mr. Lu Xun.
8. Police and Hymns (USA)
One of the most classic works of the American writer O'Henry, the story tells the life of a policeman, with a strong ironic significance. Subi is a poor, homeless homeless man who wants to go to prison in the winter, so he deliberately commits crimes, goes to restaurants to eat overlord meals, disturbs the law, steals other people's umbrellas, flirts with women, etc., but these do not make him go to prison as he wishes; finally, when he is touched by hymns in the church and wants to start from scratch and change from evil, the police send him to prison. The novel shows the tragic fate of the lower classes of the American people at that time.
9. The Man in the Condom (Russia)
The Man in the Condom is a short story by the Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Chekhov portrayed a reclusive, timid, fearful of change, and wanted to be a pure "law-abiding citizen" of the current system, Belikov.
Belikov's worldview was one of fear of chaos, of changing everything that existed, but what he did objectively played the role of aiding and abetting the tsarist dictatorship. He controlled everyone, not by means of violence and other means, but by giving everyone a mental repression and making everyone "breathless."
It can be said that the autocratic system poisoned his thoughts and hearts, made him afraid of all changes, stubborn and rigid, he was the defender of the tsarist autocracy, but he was even more a victim. Thus it can be said that Belikov has become synonymous with those who are afraid of the new, who defend the old against change, and who hinder the development of society.
10. My Uncle Hule (France)
"My Uncle Hule" is one of the most famous novels of the famous French short story master Maupassant. This article describes the very different attitude of philippes to their brother Hule before and after, paints a tragic picture of a capitalist society in which the poor do not recognize the brother, and artistically reveals that the relationship between people in capitalist society is a "purely monetary relationship", rather than a kind of interpersonal relationship in which people help each other and live a good life together.
If you want to make a breakthrough in satirical literature, you should concentrate on a period of careful study of the writing of these wonderful works, so that you can make a breakthrough in satirical literature, and other fields are no exception.
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(The article is based on public information, as far as possible to present it perfectly)