Liao Honglei / Wen
The half-day cloud is not only a wisp of clouds in the sky, but also an ancient village in Pengcheng.
Mr. Yuan Geng, a Dapeng man, once wrote: "The Queen Mother looked back, and three lining stones flew in front of Hengtou Ridge; Dapeng spread its wings, and the clouds rolled up on the Qiniang Mountain." "This association cleverly embeds place names such as Queen Mother Wai, Hengtouling, Dragon Rock, Dapeng City, Qiniang Mountain, and Bantianyun.
Half-day Cloud Ancient Village, said to have a history of 400 years. But the real first historical record is the Qing Kangxi Twenty-seventh Year (1688) "Xin'an County Chronicle, Geographical History, Duli Seven Capitals". In this way, there are indeed more than 330 years of historical facts.
In 2006, Bantianyun Village was rated as the most beautiful natural ecological village in Guangdong by the Tourism Bureau of Guangdong Province.
April days on earth, drizzling rain, is undoubtedly a romantic day, but also a season of nostalgia. Our folk culture style group, three days and half a day in Yungu Village, to see ancient trees, explore ancient houses, visit the elderly; invite Su Runxing (82 years old), Lu Jinjiao (75 years old), Luo Zhaolan (71 years old) and other elderly people, as well as Zhang Changmei, Zheng Huanming, Lin Weiwen and other indigenous people familiar with rural customs, to hold many discussions. In the memoirs of the money, the villagers let us get close to the humanistic history of Bantianyun Village, heard the folklore, and learned about the living folk culture...
1
The poetic name of the village, but not far away
Hundreds of years ago, how could the ancients have such a poetic "half-day cloud" village name?
After the elders were talking for a while, we clarified that there were two things to say. It is said that the half-day cloud is located at an altitude of 428 meters above sea level on the mountainside of "Throwing Dog Ridge", at the foot of the mountain is the wave of Dapeng Bay, when the water vapor rises, the fog is shrouded, the mountain village is like a fairyland looming, hence the name. Second, in the past, in some areas, "half a cloud" and "flying on the grass" were common nicknames used by bandits, meaning to come and go without a trace. Half-Day Cloud Mountain Village, located in the middle of nowhere, is a hiding place for pirates in the Shenzhen-Hong Kong area. During the Qing Dynasty (1796–1820), Zhang Baozai and Zheng Yiyi, famous for most of China's marine thieves, nested in Lantau Island, Hong Kong, and traveled all year round in the South China Sea (including Dapeng Bay and Bantianyun). Zheng Yiyi was the widow of Zheng Yi pirate, a descendant of Zheng Jian' general Zheng Jian.
Villager Zheng Huanming bluntly said that his great-grandfather Zheng Ping was a pirate of the same period as Zhang Baozai. His grandfather was killed by the Japanese army during the War of Resistance Against Japan by robbing a Japanese Tsai supplies ship. The existing no. 67 stone wall dewa in the village, the large house with painted eaves, was built by Zheng Huanming's great-grandfather. It is said that the ancestors also hid a large clay pot of gold, which can still be found today.
The Red Flag Gang, the largest pirate gang led by Zheng Yi, Zheng Yiyi and Zhang Baozai successively.
Of course, the people who engage in pirates for a living in Half-Day Cloud Village are very few. Most of the villagers are fishermen and farmers who have migrated from various places at different times.
There are more than 50 villagers in Xiaobanyun, including Huang, Chen, Lin, Zhang, Zheng, Xie, Li, Su and Kwong. So many miscellaneous surnames are mixed, it can be seen from all directions. The first and second surnames of Bantianyun Village are Huang and Chen, and their ancestors moved from Fujian to the local area in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The third largest surname is the Lin clan, whose ancestors migrated from Zhumadian in Henan to Fujian, and then moved from Fujian to the village at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Lin's ancestors were fishermen from Fujian and often fished along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong. Once, a group of fishermen from the Lin family came to fish near Nan'ao, Shenzhen, and because the wooden boat was broken, they had no money to repair it and came ashore in Xichong, South Australia. Since then, one family has settled in Nan'ao High-Speed Rail Village (now absent), one family has settled in Sai Kung Village, South Australia, and one family has settled in South Australia's Bantianyun Village. Spring comes and goes, and the half-day clouds gradually develop into villages. At present, there are only 3 ancestral halls of the Huang, Chen and Zhang clans in the village, and the century-old ancestral halls have painted paintings such as peonies, orchids and magpies and wood carvings. Due to its age, the eaves were mottled and the wall tiles were damaged. One of them (house number 35) fell into disrepair and nearly collapsed.
Before the Republic of China, the Dapeng Peninsula, including Bantianyun, belonged to Bao'an County. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it was assigned to the fourth district of Huiyang County. In 1958, it belonged to Bao'an County, and Bantianyun was a village under the jurisdiction of Dapeng People's Commune. After several administrative changes, the whole village has basically become a farmer, mainly planting cash crops such as rice, sweet potatoes, peanuts and producing forest fruits such as longan, lychee, yellow peel, mango, and guava (guava), and the famous specialty is "early grass orange". When the farmers are idle, fishing is used as a side business, and the village arranges some personnel to go to the sea to distribute the fish to the villagers to improve their lives.
2
The ancient village has a magical feng shui forest
Half-day cloud village, not only shrouded in white clouds, but also surrounded by layers of green trees.
Half-Day Cloud Village is hidden in the lofty mountains of "Throwing Dog Ridge" and "White Flower Lang". The farmhouse is built on the mountain, and a small river and stream run around the village, semi-encircling the village, and the environment is extremely beautiful. From the village head arch, there is a feng shui forest like a barrier, protecting the entire ancient village. The towering dense forest has resisted typhoons and rainstorms for the ancient village for hundreds of years. The feng shui forest with mountains and rivers conserves water and soil, regulates the climate, and the four seasons are like spring.
Feng Shui forest is distributed with ancient banyan trees, ancient pines, ancient fir, ancient tea and other precious trees. According to the "List of Ancient and Famous Trees in Shenzhen" and the "Longgang Ancient Trees" recorded by the Longgang District Urban Management Bureau, we saw on the spot a 315-year-old mao tea tree (madder family, Mao tea genus); 315-year-old banyan trees (mulberry family, banyan genus); 215 years old, national third-level protected white car trees and 165-year-old black tea trees (the same family of myrtles, pu peach genus); 200 years old, national third-level protected stone pen trees and valley trees; trees aged 125 years, There are 16 false apple trees protected by the state at the third level. Countless trees under 100 years old are countless. Among them, the oldest and most precious is the autumn maple tree that is 525 years old and protected by the national level. It is 35 meters tall and the trunk needs to be surrounded by 6 adults holding hands. According to the "Plant Real Name Tu kao", the tree is a euphorbia family, autumn maple genus, "its leaves are green, and after frost, it is red", so it is called autumn maple.
Autumn maple trees grow next to the river stream in the west of the village. In the old days, villagers used four long stone frames to cross the river and use it as a bridge on both sides of the river. The old people in the village felt that the "four stones" were unlucky, and when they masonry, they put two stones in a group, leaving a gap half a foot wide in the middle, which is called "two double stones". As a result, after a period of time, the roots of the autumn maple trees along the river and stream magically extended to the bottom of the stone bridge, filling the gap of the half-foot-wide stone strip, effectively preventing people and animals from stepping into the stone crevices and being injured.
Since then, the villagers of Bantianyun believe that this autumn maple tree is a sacred tree. Villagers have had the custom of "qi tree" since ancient times. After the "tree root filling gap" incident, the villagers were more religious. On the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month or the New Year's Festival, incense is paid to the ancient trees. Generations have regarded every branch and leaf of the feng shui forest as life and loved it. And passed down the "Half-Day Cloud Tree Protection Village About the Ancient Training": "Establish a village to plant trees, the villagers are traditional." Only trees can be raised, not forests. Stealing a tree and imposing a fine. The forest was destroyed, and the sky thundered. Building bridges and building houses is also forbidden to cut privately. Conserve water and soil, care for water sources. The village is in the tree, and the tree is in the village. The village covenant is established, and the descendants follow it. ”
Dapeng writer Luo Yucan, feeling the spirit of the villagers loving trees and loving forests and loving their hometowns, created a "Song of Autumn Maple Trees": Autumn maple in the clouds in half a day, five hundred years of vigorous growth. The iron bones are well developed and resist frost through wind and rain. Maple trees stand tall and leafy, protecting the water and protecting the soil to protect the village. The small bridge rushes away and witnesses how many good times there are. Ah, half a day in the clouds autumn maple singing, singing a beautiful good village!
3
The legend of the Five Bogong Temples
There are no Temples of Guanyin, Guandi and Northern Emperor in Bantianyun Village, nor do they have temples of Tianhou, Hongsheng and Tangong; but there are five Bogong temples that are rarely seen in ordinary villages.
Bogong, commonly known as the land Bogong, also known as the god of the society, Fude, referred to as the land.
Land has nurtured generations of people for thousands of years. Therefore, the land bogong was worshipped by the villagers of Bantianyun as the mountain god in their hearts. The old villagers believe that from the beginning of the establishment of the village, they have been protected by the "uncle of the land".
There is a "Great Prince Bogong Temple" on the hillside of the village, after crossing the bridge there is a "Qiaotou Bogong Temple", the old well at the mouth of the village has a "Jingtou Bogong Temple", along the village road to the east there is a "Xiu Wangye Bogong Temple" (Qiniu Wang Bogong), and then up to the Damaotian Reservoir there is a "Land Bogong". During the New Year's Festival or when there is something in the family, the villagers must go to worship. Especially on the 24th day of the Waxing Moon before the Spring Festival, the whole village gathers for dinner after worshipping the uncle, which is rarely seen elsewhere.
The villagers worship the cattle, worship the cattle as sacred cows, and build the "Xiu Wang Ye Bogong Temple", which shows how important cattle are in the agricultural era. The villagers worship cultivating cattle and share the same origin as the "Cow God Festival" of the Dapeng Peninsula.
The "Great Prince's Uncle" saved the Yunren for half a day, and the villagers worshiped it even more. Legend has it that at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan, one morning, a villager rushed to report: "The Japanese boy came from the beach under the mountain to the village!" The villagers were stunned and prepared to go up the mountain to hide. At this time, Zhang Debo, the elder of the village, went to the temple of the Grand Prince to kneel, he threw the "holy grail" (divination tool), and after a bit of testing, he immediately told everyone not to panic, and asked people to inform the villagers who had hidden to return to the village: "Japanese boys can't enter the village." Sure enough, the Japanese devils walked halfway to the road, and dimly saw many people (actually the straw knots erected in the rice fields), afraid of ambush, and turned around and left. The villagers turned the danger into a disaster, and admired the grand prince and uncle to the ground.
4
Dozens of traditional houses have hidden stories
Half-day Cloud Village is high and densely forested, and the terrain is steep. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Provisional Committee of Guangdong Province, the Dongjiang Military and Political Committee, the leading organs of the Dongjiang Column, the radio stations, and the newspaper office of The Forward Daily were often active in the Dapeng Peninsula according to the needs of the struggle situation, of which Bantianyun was one of the stations at that time. From 1940 to 1945, Lin Ping, political commissar (Yin) of the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Army (later the Dongjiang Column), led the village of Bantianyun and persisted in the arduous revolutionary struggle. Lin Weiwen, an old villager, told us that a family behind the village (now no. 40) was once the site of the East Longitudinal Radio. Because behind the house is a mountain, the terrain is higher and better to receive telegrams, and the location of the house is conducive to timely evacuation in case of emergencies.
In the middle of the ancient alley in the village, there is a traditional house with a door number of No. 11. The building was built in the late Qing Dynasty as a district-level immovable artifact. The building sits northeast to southwest, with a width of about 7 meters and a depth of 10 meters, and the layout is two bays, two into a patio, a courtyard of the Jianshan Doulang, and four granite-made stone foundations and washed brick and wood structures. At the gate hangs a sign declared immovable cultural relics by the Longgang District People's Government in January 2012, and on the other side of the door hangs a plaque reads "Former Residence of Zhang Wang Shaoqing, Permanent Honorary President of the Hong Kong Dapeng Hometown Association", which was rebuilt in February 2005 by the Hong Kong Dapeng Hometown Association.
Is Wang Shaoqing accurate? Why did the Hong Kong Dapeng Fellow Villagers rebuild their former residence?
Wang Shaoqing was born in the twenty-ninth year of The Qing Dynasty (1903) in the village of Queen Mother of Dapeng in Xin'an County. His father, Wang Chaodong, graduated from the Baoding Army Officer School in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Sino-Japanese War, due to his long career as a horseman, he became ill with overwork and died young. Influenced by his family, Wang Shaoqing was intelligent from an early age, excellent in his studies, humble, friendly and gentle, and very likable. In his youth, infected and educated by the May Fourth New Culture Movement and realizing his lofty ambition of serving the country, he consulted with his fiancé to go to the United States to find a way to strengthen the country and enrich the people. She and her fiancé Zhang Sanlongyi said that she did not expect that this was already a senior student in the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Hong Kong. Zhang Sanlong is a native of Bantianyun Village on the Dapeng Peninsula. When she was 21 years old, they finished their studies, held a wedding, and flew to the United States together, and after 4 years of study, the couple studied in foreign countries with excellent results and each had a professional position. Just when love and career were both harvested and grand plans were unfolding, Zhang Sanlong unfortunately fell ill and died.
In 1945, Wang Shaoqing, who had experienced the pain of bereavement, returned to Hong Kong alone. Hong Kong, which has just emerged from the smoke of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, has a hundred industries to be revived. She saw the opportunity to devote herself to real estate and build a batch of affordable housing on the outskirts of the city to allow low-income citizens to settle down. She found that many poor people could not afford to buy a house, and Wang Shaoqing adopted the "asset management" method, using his fixed assets to lease the house to low-rise people. She was particularly sympathetic to families with disabilities, illnesses and accidents, giving them half or no rent. This good deed is praised by society.
In order to take care of her fellow villagers and support the construction of her hometown, in 1957, she donated two floors of the "Shanghai Street" building and two units of "Saixi Lake" to establish the "Hong Kong Dapeng Hometown Association" as the site of the hometown association, and took out 240,000 Hong Kong dollars for the activity. (The Association was banned and re-established in 1976.) Since then, she has donated huge sums of money to Hong Kong charities to help the poor, and in 1958 she was appointed as the Prime Minister of Po Leung Kuk in Hong Kong, donating medicines, running schools and homes for the elderly. Its names include: Bao'an Wang Shaoqing Middle School, Hong Kong Yuanxuan College Wang Shaoqing An Elderly Home, Hong Kong Wang Shaoqing Medical Institute, Hong Kong Wang Shaoqing Elderly Hospital, etc.
In 1955, Mr. Chen Shurong, an overseas Chinese compatriot in the Netherlands, made a special trip to Hong Kong to find Wang Shaoqing and discuss the development of teaching assistants to change the appearance of his hometown. Wang Shaoqing immediately set up the "Dapeng Overseas Chinese Middle School Preparatory Committee", which donated 150,000 Hong Kong dollars and drove Dapeng overseas compatriots to gather 230,000 Hong Kong dollars. In 1956, the construction of Dapeng Huaqiao Middle School began, and it was completed and used in 1957. In November 1976, the Hong Kong Dapeng Hometown Association was re-established, and Wang Shaoqing was elected as the permanent president of the Hometown Association. In May 1985, Wang Shaoqing died of illness at the age of 82.
Wang Shaoqing's exemplary power of loving his hometown and loving the motherland has influenced future generations. In the 1980s, Zhang Xuelin, an overseas Chinese compatriot, donated 100,000 yuan to build a road from Nan'ao to Bantianyun Village with the help of the town and village. With the efforts and support of Zhang Dangsheng (then the village chief) and Zhang Changmei, Zheng Huanming, Zhang Rongxi and other villagers, and the support of the government, the reservoir was built, tap water was diverted, the village archway was built, a small square was built, and a rainwater sewage pipe was set up to make The Half-Day Yunshan Village more environmentally friendly and beautiful.
Recently, on the basis of fieldwork on human history and folk culture, experts such as Yang Yaolin, Zhang Yibing, Peng Quanmin and Cao Wei of the Shenzhen Monuments Protection Association also inspected and evaluated the traditional buildings of Bantianyun Village, and professionally identified 30 ancient buildings with historical value.
It is believed that Bantianyun is not only the most beautiful natural ecological village, but also a cultural village with rich humanistic history.
(This article was written with the help of Qu Wen, Luo Yucan, Chen Baoyuan, Yan Ying, Li Lingyun, and Wu Qipeng, and is hereby acknowledged.) ）