Lushi County (Chinese: 鲁氏县) is a county under the administration of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. It is bordered by Lingbao City to the north, Luoning County and Luanchuan County to the east, Xixia County of Nanyang City to the south, and Luonan County, Danfeng County and Shangnan County of Shaanxi Province to the west and southwest.
The towering Bears Ears Mountains divide the north and south of lu into the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. The Tang Tang Luo River runs through the city and heads east. The culture of the north and the culture of the south converge and merge here, composing a cultural hymn of pearls and brilliance.
This is lushi county in Henan Province, a thousand-year-old county that has been established for more than 2,100 years, the name of the county has not been changed, and the city site has not been moved.
history
This statement was used in the Early Qing Dynasty's Minutes of Reading History and the Guangxu Edition of the Late Qing Dynasty's Re-revision of Lushi County's Chronicle. Lu Ao, a doctor of the Qin Dynasty, came to lu to escape the Qin chaos and practiced Dan here.
According to legend, he lived in seclusion in a cave on Fuhu Mountain and became an immortal. However, is this the true origin of the name of Lushi County? According to the Book of Han. The Geographical Chronicle records that in the fourth year of the Western Han Wu Emperor Yuan Ding (113 BC), the Lu clan officially established a county, which belonged to Hongnong County.
The Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe County Atlas" records the origin of Lu's county inscription as follows: "There is Lu's Mountain in the land, or Lu Ao has the Tao here." ”
These are ancient coins such as Lu Shibu and Lu Shi Nejin from the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period unearthed from Lushi County and the surrounding areas, and they are all marked with the word "Lu", which conclusively confirms that Lu's as a place name or a name of princely states predates Lu Ao's qin dynasty.
In ancient texts such as "Shang Shu" and "Zhuangzi", "Zun Lu Clan" is mentioned many times, which shows that the well-known predecessor of Lu Shi already existed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Since the Western Han Dynasty, the name of Lushi County has been used for more than 2,100 years. No matter how the situation changes, the name of Lushi County has never changed, and it is one of the only three counties in the country with a surname as the county name.
After the founding of New China in 1949, Lushi County first belonged to the Shaanzhou Commissioner's Office. In 1952, it was assigned to the Luoyang Commissioner's Office. In 1986, it was a county of Sanmenxia City, and it remains to this day.
geography
Hongshi Valley is located in Miaogou Village, Wenyu Township, Lushi County, under the sunlight, Hongshi Valley is like a blazing flame, and the green and red mountains that spread over the mountains are breathtaking.
After investigation by geologists, it was found that the mountain body of Red Rock Valley was not red mountain stone, but was composed of red gravel. This unique landform is officially known as the Danxia landform of "The Essence of Chinese Geoscience".
In 1928, Chinese geologist Feng Jinglan stopped under a red cliff in Renhua County, Guangdong Province. He realized that this was a unique landscape, and he named the red gravel formations that formed the Danxia landform the Danxia layer.
In the Geological Dictionary, the Danxia topography is defined as "a red gravel rock with thick layers, gentle production, joint development, iron-calcium mixture, and uneven cementation, and castle-like, pagoda-like, needle-like, columnar, rod-like, square-like or peak-like terrain formed under the combined effects of differential weathering, gravitational collapse, erosion, and dissolution."
According to expert research, the Red Stone Valley in Miaogou Village, Wenyu Township, Lushi County, was formed in the Jurassic Era about 170 million years ago.
Mainly in the prime and juvenile Danxia landforms, the development of a large-scale Chibi Danya, including peaks, stone peaks, stone pillars, ridge valleys and other landform types.
In China, although the Danxia landform is widely distributed, the vast majority of them are concentrated in the southern region. Located in Lushi County, which is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, why is the Danxia landform here so fully developed?
After investigation and research by geologists, it was found that the formation of Danxia landform in Lushi County is inextricably linked to its unique geographical location.
Lushi County is located on the north-south dividing line of China's geography, and the remnants of the Qinling Mountains extend here. Geologically, this is the junction of the South China Plate and the North China Plate.
The splicing and collision between the plates formed the Qinling-Dabie Mountain orogenic belt, under the extension between the plates, the north China Plate in the north settled, while the northern part of the Qinling Orogenic Belt located in the lower plate was correspondingly uplifted, so that the red gravel layer deposited in the bottom layer was exposed to the surface, and under the action of weathering erosion, a unique Danxia landform was formed.
There are Kunshan Mountain in the north, Bear's Ears in the west, and Funiu in the south, spanning the two major river basins of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, with mountains and rivers, ravines, colorful geological wonders and rich natural resources, which also gave birth to the diverse character of the Lu people who are as strong as mountains and tough as water.
red
There is a bust of an old man in Lancao Middle School in Guanpo Town, Lushi County, whose name is Chen Yanxian, who has been recorded in military history as an ordinary citizen.
On December 4, 1934, when the Red Twenty-fifth Army of the Red Army's Long March arrived at Lu's Piling, the enemy had already gathered heavily and controlled the main road into Shaanxi.
There was a blockade in the front and a pursuit of soldiers in the back, and the situation was extremely critical, and the military commander immediately decided to find a cold trail into the mountain, but the road conditions here were complicated, and it was urgent to need a guide who was familiar with the path.
At the critical juncture of the life and death of the Red Twenty-fifth Army, the scouts of the pistol regiment found a young cargo man who could be a guide in Qingshan Village, Hengjian Township, Lushi County, and he led the Red Army along a deep gorge of "seventy-two watery rivers and twenty-five miles of dry feet", and after four days and three nights of arduous trekking, broke through the "iron barrel encirclement" laid by the enemy army and went straight to the iron lock pass at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi.
This young cargo man was Chen Tingxian, and his deeds of leading the Red Twenty-fifth Army out of danger were recorded in the "Battle History of the Twenty-fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army."
The Red Twenty-fifth Army, which arrived victoriously in southern Shaanxi, initially established the revolutionary base area of Eyu-Shaanxi in May 1935, and the Red Twenty-fifth Army became the only reinforcement team among the four fronts on the Long March.
At this time, the main force grew to more than 3,700 people, and the local guerrilla division resisted the donation army of more than 2,000 people. The Red Twenty-fifth Army sowed the seeds of revolution in Lu and established the Red Regime, which became the eastern core area of the revolutionary base area of Eyu and Shaanxi.
With the enthusiastic participation of young people with lofty ideals in the army, how to familiarize new recruits with military discipline as soon as possible has become a new problem.
In early December 1934, the Red Twenty-fifth Army arrived at Lancao Village in Guanpo Town, Lushi County, on the way to the Long March, when it was a cold winter season, the Red Army troops were short of materials, and a small soldier of the Red Army took a pair of worn straw shoes from under the eaves of his hometown because his shoes were suffering on the march.
This act violated the strict discipline of the Red Army of "not taking a needle and a thread from the masses" and alarmed Wu Huanxian, who was then the political commissar of the Red Twenty-fifth Army. He demanded that the little soldiers be dealt with severely in accordance with the discipline of the Red Army.
The local people were impressed by the iron discipline of the Red Army and interceded for the little soldiers, and later after investigation, it was found that the little soldiers put a silver dollar on the door frame of their hometown when they took the straw shoes, and the incident of "a pair of grass shoes" was over.
In order to strengthen the construction of the work style and discipline education of the contingent, Wu Huanxian asked the Red Twenty-fifth Army to collectively sing the "Three Major Disciplines and Eight Attention Songs."
The song was adapted by Cheng Tan, then secretary general of the Political Department of the Twenty-fifth Red Army, and Liu Huaqing, head of the propaganda section, based on the content of Mao Zedong's "Three Major Disciplines and Eight Notes" and adopted the tune of "The Agrarian Revolution Succeeded" popular in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District.
Along with the long march of the Red Twenty-fifth Army, this song was sung for the soldiers along the way, singing the discipline of the Red Army and the pride of the soldiers.
Lu Shi, a seemingly inconspicuous mountainous county located at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi provinces, is a place of military fortress, which has a landmark significance in the history of the Red Army's Long March and has left an indelible red mark on the victory of the Chinese revolution.
Fourteen of the county's 19 townships and towns have been approved by the Henan Provincial Government as old district townships, and Lushi County has become a veritable revolutionary old district county.
celebrity
In Wulichuan Complete Middle School in Lushi County, there stands an octagonal pavilion-style building with the words "Zunshi Pavilion" written on the lintel.
Inside the pavilion, there is a "Cao Zhifu Teaching Ze Stele", and the content of the inscription is later included in Mr. Lu Xun's "Miscellaneous Articles on the Pavilion of Jieting", which is also the only Jiaoze inscription written by Lu Xun in his lifetime.
Cao Zhifu was a well-known educational celebrity of the Lu clan and even in western Henan, born into a poor family in Wulichuan, Lu County.
In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889 AD), the twenty-year-old Cao Zhifu was admitted to the Middle Xiucai, and he could have won a meritorious name and entered the career path, but he hated the current politics, witnessed the backwardness of his hometown culture, and resolutely returned to his hometown to set up a professor.
"Mountain nature makes people congested, mountain nature makes people stagnant" is what Cao Zhifu often said. He has been changing this situation of the Lu clan all his life, basing himself on education in the mountains for forty-five years, sowing countless Ganlin and cultivating thousands of peaches and plums.
Under the education and enlightenment of Cao Zhifu, many young people walked out of Funiu Mountain and went to Yan'an. Since then, he has embarked on the road of revolution.
His son Cao Jinghua also grew up to be a translator, essayist, and educator of modern Chinese literature. The spirit of Cao Zhifu's appearance in Lu's cultural and educational undertakings has influenced countless practitioners in later generations, who have worked silently and selflessly.
folk custom
Gong and drum books are folk songs that spread in the Yellow River Basin of western Henan. Gong and drum books began rapping at Lu's official crossing in 1894 and soon became popular in the surrounding cities and counties.
The performance form of gong and drum books is relatively free, and the main accompaniment instruments are gongs, drums, banhu, erhu and so on. The gong and drum book perfectly presents the vigor and excitement of the northern culture, and the performance form is mainly singing, with a high tone and a rigorous rhythm.
In the inheritance, the gong and drum books form a certain group, most of which are composed of teachers and apprentices and family members. In the past, gong and drum books were the most popular folk music art among the people, and they were also their most important form of entertainment.
Traditional Chinese performing arts novels such as "Fengshen Yanyi" and "Sui and Tang Dynasties" are widely known because of gong and drum books. However, with the transformation of modern lifestyles, the inheritance of gong and drum books faces great difficulties.
The ancient rhyme is gentle and flowing in all directions. The tune of the Gong and Drum Book tells the story of Lu's life. Lu Shi, inheriting the afterglow of Yu shaanxi culture, inherits the relics of Jingchu folk customs. The unique geographical environment has bred a unique and splendid folk culture.
Property
Lushi, with its dense mountains and dense forests and warm climate, is an excellent area for the development of the mushroom industry. The secret of the good quality of Lu's shiitake mushrooms also lies in the fact that there are a large number of local scientific researchers with the spirit of craftsmen, who have cultivated Lu's housekeeper strains based on years of experience combined with local advantages.
In 2019, Lu's shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in 250 million bags, and the fresh product production reached 250 million kilograms, which was not only supplied to the domestic market, but also exported to Southeast Asia.
In addition to shiitake mushrooms, the black fungus, walnut and other industries vigorously developed by Lushi County have now become an important way for farmers to increase income.
develop
Lu people are well versed in the way of relying on mountains to eat mountains and relying on water to draft water. With the ecological landscape gifted by nature, it began to make a big fuss in the tourism industry.
The farm stay is the dazzling star on the Lu's rural tourism picture. The delicacies of the deep mountains give visitors a natural treat for their taste buds. In recent years, with the help of Lushi County's "tourism + poverty alleviation" model, Xinping Village has undergone earth-shaking changes.
Through tourism development, the scenic spot has signed long-term poverty alleviation employment and land circulation contracts with several surrounding villages. Once dilapidated small mountain villages have become famous folk villages.
The old house is transformed into a new house, and this remote and poor county is completing the contemporary transformation of nirvana little by little. On February 26, 2020, Lushi County officially withdrew from the list of state-level poverty-stricken counties.
Lu Shi, a city surrounded by mountains and rivers, a land where humanities gather. A different kind of wind and object, connecting the magnificent mountains and rivers of the Central Plains, tells the years like water flowing years.