Hello everyone, I am learning from history.
In recent years, the word "wolf diplomacy" can be said to be very popular, often accused by the Taixi countries of our strength in safeguarding our interests abroad, but if these countries really have a good understanding of ancient Chinese history, they will find that ancient Chinese diplomats are the real "wolf diplomats", in this issue we will briefly introduce the famous scenes of the five ancient "wolf warrior" diplomats.
Picture note: Han army cavalry in film and television dramas
Many people are not familiar with Fu Jiezi, but the allusions and poems mentioning "Throwing Pen from Rong" and "Chopping Lou Lan" are very familiar to everyone, and Fu Jiezi is the protagonist of the above allusions.
After reading fu jiezi's deeds, Ban Chao, a famous historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, sighed with emotion and issued a message: "The eldest husband has no other ambitions, just like following Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian's meritorious service in a foreign land, in order to take the title of marquis, An Nengjiu wrote a pen between them. Sighing, he threw away the pen and ink and threw in the army to serve the country, which is the famous "throwing pen from Rong".
And "Chopping Lou Lan" is the most famous scene in Fu Jiezi and even Chinese diplomacy.
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Zhao of Han, the countries of Loulan and Guizi in the Western Regions were influenced by the Xiongnu, and they were not very friendly to the Han Dynasty, and even many times there were vicious incidents of revealing the whereabouts of the Han envoys, resulting in the Han envoys being ambushed and assassinated by the Xiongnu.
Photo note: Fu Jiezi Temple in Ning County, Gansu Province
Fu Jiezi then requested that he send an envoy to Dawan, first taking the edict of Emperor Zhao of Han to condemn Loulan and Guiziguo, and after becoming familiar with the road and the internal affairs of each country, Fu Jiezi told Huo Guang that he could assassinate the king of Guiziguo, so that The Western Regions would never dare not listen to the words of the Han Dynasty. Huo Guang said that Guizi is a big country, so it is a bit dangerous to do so, and it is recommended to start with a smaller Lou Lan country.
So Fu Jiezi and two bodyguards prepared to come to Loulan again, deliberately using gold and silver treasures to tempt the king of Loulan, while drinking and ear fever, Fu Jiezi deliberately said to the king of Loulan: The Great Han Tianzi has some whispered words to you.
Then he took the opportunity to directly kill the King of Loulan with two warriors, and facing the Loulan warriors who rushed up, Fu Jiezi shouted: "Han soldiers are in the direction, don't dare to move, move, destroy the country!" ”
A sentence of "dare to move and destroy the country" directly frightened the nobles of Loulan, Fu Jiezi even changed the name of Loulan to Shan Shanguo, and the old king's head was also taken by Fu Jiezi to Chang'an to show the public. One person destroys a country, attracting everyone to do meritorious service for the country, and countless literati in later generations have written from Rong to the beginning to say that Fu Jiezi opened this head.
Picture note: Cast pen from Rong's Ban Chao
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were some unstable states in the Western Regions, and Ban Chao, who threw his pen from Rong, followed the army at that time to the Western Regions, and soon Ban Chao created the same feats as the idol Fu Jiezi, and the country where Ban Chao brushed his merits was also the ShanShanGuo, which was The Lou Lan who was renamed by Fu Jiezi.
When Ban Chao first arrived in Shanshan, the king was still very enthusiastic, but after two days the attitude suddenly cooled down, Ban Chao guessed that it must be the Xiongnu emissaries arrived, so Ban Chao secretly learned about the residence of the Xiongnu emissaries, set a fire in the middle of the night, and led the Han soldiers to completely annihilate the Xiongnu mission, and Ban Chao personally killed three Xiongnu.
Picture note: The envoy of the Han Dynasty in the film and television drama
The next day, Ban Chao took the head of the Xiongnu emissary to King Shanshan, who suddenly remembered the fear of being dominated by Fu Jiezi, and quickly expressed his willingness to submit to the Han Dynasty and sent the prince to the Han Dynasty to study.
After that, Ban Chao stayed in the Western Regions for more than thirty years, and in these thirty years, Ban Chao used both enwei and single-handedly subdued and stabilized more than fifty countries in the Western Regions, making great contributions to the incorporation of the countries in the Western Regions into the rule of the Han Dynasty. Gong Feng Ding Yuanhou, the world also respected Ban Chao as "Ban Ding Yuan".
Illustration: Chen Tang in a painting
Chen Tang was different from Fu Jiezi and Ban Chao, whose family was poor when he was young, and once made a living by begging for loans, and was looked down upon. Chen Tang grew up in such an environment, in order to be able to get ahead, Chen Tang took the initiative to come to the imperial capital, and after obtaining an official and a half-post, he took the initiative to ask to go to the Western Regions, so Chen Tang thought that he was a deputy lieutenant of the Western Regions Capital Protectorate and sent an envoy to the Western Regions.
In the Western Regions, where the Emperor of Tiangao was far away, Chen Tang could confidently and boldly do something that the emperor did not dare to do, such as falsely transmitting the Holy Will, calling on the countries of the Western Regions to send troops to pacify the countries that did not submit to the Great Han.
At that time, the Xiongnu Zhidan often threatened the countries of the Western Regions, and Chen Tang believed that if the Xiongnu were allowed to do so, the Western Regions would sooner or later become the Xiongnu's sphere of influence, and it would be better to gather the soldiers of the Great Han Tuntian, and then falsely preach the Holy Will, gather the forces currently in the heart of the Great Han, and pacify the Western Regions in one fell swoop.
Illustration: The Great Han cavalry in the painting
Therefore, without the approval of the Han Dynasty, Chen Tang falsely preached the Holy Will, gathered the armies of various countries, and killed in one fell swoop, 1,518 people below the Fu clan, the prince, and the famous king, and captured 145 people alive.
Chen Tang's battle was even more pioneering for the Han Dynasty to kill shan Yu first.
Chen Tang mentioned in his letter to the Emperor of Han explaining the edict to send troops: "It is advisable to hang the head of the barbarian mansion on the street to show the wanli." Those who commit crimes against the strong will be punished from afar! ”
Photo note: Zheng He, a navigator who went to the West seven times
Zheng He was a close eunuch of Zhu Di, the Yongle Emperor, who was very powerful in appearance, and also knew military affairs, and had made meritorious contributions in the Battle of Jingnan.
When the Yongle Emperor planned to find someone to go to the West, Zheng He, who was trusted and knew military affairs, became the core figure of the entire Daming Diplomatic Heavenly Regiment, and the stories that happened afterwards did prove how strong Zheng He's ability was.
During his third voyage to the West, Zheng He came to the Ceylon Mountain Kingdom (present-day Sri Lanka), where the king was named Ariel, a famous local snake. Because of geographical reasons, the merchant ships of the East and the West had to pass through the Ceylon Mountains, and this king often did some robbery and kidnapping, and this time it was actually done to Zheng He's head.
Note: Ceylon has an important geographical place in the Zheng He navigation route
The first time Zheng He was very alert, after noticing that something was wrong, he set sail to continue westward, but when he returned he had to pass through Ceylon Mountain, and Ariel Felt that Daming's vigilance was quite higher than that of his intention to outwit.
When Zheng He returned, the king of Ceylon Mountain, Ariel Kunel, deliberately invited Zheng He to the middle of the country for a banquet, and then planned to take the Daming fleet without a leader, sending 50,000 troops to cut off Zheng He's back road and rob Daming's treasure ship.
Unfortunately, Ariel overestimated his own combat effectiveness and underestimated Daming's combat effectiveness, and Zheng He directly captured the capital of the Ceylon Mountain Kingdom with two thousand men, captured The King Ariel and his wife, children, officials, and so on, and then packed them up and brought them back to Beijing to be taken prisoner.
Picture note: Portrait of Zhu Di the Yongle Emperor
At that time, the high-ranking officials of Daming felt that they were directly killed, and the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di felt that this man was just too ignorant, pardoned him, and even released all his wives and children, and then found a person named Evil Shona who was considered wise among the captives, and sent him an emissary to give him a seal letter, so that he could go back to become the king of the Ceylon Mountain Kingdom, and of course the old king also sent him back.
Since then, overseas countries have been grateful to the great tomorrow's son's weide and have repeatedly sent tribute envoys.
Photo note: Wang Xuance in a painting
Wang Xuance's deeds of destroying a country alone can be said to be extremely famous on the Internet.
In the Tang Dynasty, Xuan Ce was not a famous minister at all, not even a famous person, he was just a small Rongzhou Huangshui County Commandery at first, and later in the 19th year of the Tang Dynasty Zhenguan accompanied chaosan dafu, Wei Wei Si Cheng, and Shang protector Li Yibiao to escort the Brahmin envoys back to China, Wang Xuance was only a deputy envoy.
Photo note: Wang Xuance in the headline encyclopedia data
In the 20th year of Zhenguan, Wang Xuance finally became the envoy of Tianzhu by virtue of his status as the governor of the province, when the king of Tianzhu was named Corpse Luo Yiduo, still a wise king, if there was no later incident, Wang Xuance estimated that he would have successfully sent an envoy and returned to China smoothly, and according to his official position, he did not necessarily leave his name in the history.
However, when Wang Xuance arrived in Tianzhu, the corpse of Tianzhu King Luo Yiduo died, and the minister of Tianzhu, Nafu Emperor Alona, usurped the throne and stood on his own, and the thirty people of Wang Xuance's mission were all captured in the turmoil, and all the state gifts sent by the emissaries of various countries were robbed.
Photo note: Wang Xuance's route map back to Chang'an from Tianzhu
Wang Xuance took advantage of the turmoil and fled to Tubo. Wang Xuance deeply resented Alona for ruining his hard-won position of envoy, and directly borrowed 1,200 Tubo soldiers in Tubo in the name of the Tang envoys, and then borrowed more than 7,000 cavalry from the Mud Borneo Kingdom.
Wang Xuance and his deputy envoy Jiang Shiren respectively led an army of 8,200 men from the two kingdoms and directly marched into the capital of the Tianzhu state, where they fought for three days, beheaded more than 3,000 people, and drowned about 10,000 people by jumping into the river.
When Alona saw that he could not fight, he abandoned the city and fled, only to be captured alive by the troops led by Jiang Shiren, and this battle captured more than 12,000 men and women, and more than 30,000 cattle and horses.
Picture note: The image of the Tang Dynasty cavalry in the painting
The Tianzhu people did not expect that the Tubo and Mud Borneo brought by the Tang diplomats were so capable of fighting, so they quickly surrendered, and according to the statistics of the incident, there were as many as 580 cities that surrendered. The Eastern Tianzhu King, Jiu mo, was afraid that Wang Xuance would be unhappy and destroy himself, so he quickly sent 30,000 cattle and horses, as well as bows, knives, and treasures such as the labor army.
Another country called Jia Wulu was also frightened, and directly presented the tang with precious "foreign objects" that did not know what it was, and also offered the "map" of the country to show submission, and even asked for the image of "Lao Tzu" with the Tang, which is estimated to be the whole country to convert to Taoism.
After Wang Xuance and other successes, he returned to Datang with Alona and other captives, and held a captive sacrifice ceremony in Chang'an.
Image note: Tang Dynasty Chang'an restoration image
It is reasonable to say that it is a great merit for one person to destroy a country, but in the eyes of the Tang people at that time, the main enemies were all enemies such as the Turks, who were equal to the power of the Tang Dynasty, and Tianzhu, which was far south of Tubo, was not a serious enemy at all.
Since Wang Xuance had won the battle, he should be promoted to the rank of Doctor Of The Scattered Father. In the Tang Dynasty official system, The Great Master was only the thirteenth rank of civil officials from the five pins.
Therefore, although Wang Xuance has distinguished his merits, he can only rank fifth compared to the above few who have been recognized by the state.
What do you think of these powerful diplomats in Chinese history? Welcome to leave a message.
Text/Take history as a mirror
Graph/Network
References/
The Biography of Fu Jiezi of Hanshu
The Biography of Chen Tang in the Book of Han
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty
Biography of Ming Shi Zheng He
Zizhi Tongjian No. 199 Tang Ji XV