In recent years, the local focus on the vegetable industry to improve quality and efficiency; alpine baby cabbage, as a fine dish, is loved by consumers because of its sweet and tender taste, rich nutrition, small packaging and other advantages; it is also one of the vegetable crops that vegetable farmers like to plant in autumn, winter and spring. In 2019, nearly 3 000 hm2 were planted in the county, with an output value of about 210 million yuan. In order to save the cost of pest control of high mountain baby cabbage, in accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", priority is given to the use of agricultural, physical and biological measures, and the scientific use of chemical control; following the "disease and pest control, monitoring and reporting first", based on the results of disease and insect monitoring, comprehensive measures are taken to control and control, which is the key to improving the effect of disease and insect control. The integrated pest control measures for baby cabbage are as follows.
Tonghai vegetable production has the characteristics of anniversary planting, different stubble and rich varieties. The infrastructure of the planting base (water, electricity, road ditch) is complete, and the vegetable production and sales information is fast and flexible; the production and operation mode of one household closely follows the market situation and plants marketable varieties "small and good U-turn", but also brings great difficulties to the promotion and application of standardized pest control technology models. In order to pursue short-term economic benefits, some vegetable farmers have a prominent phenomenon of continuous cropping, resulting in many types of diseases and insects, large areas of occurrence, and heavy degree of harm.
The main diseases and insects that harm baby cabbage are root swelling disease, soft rot, viral disease, filamentous bacterium rot disease, downy mildew, white rust, brown spot disease, small cabbage moth, twill nocturnal moth, yellow curly stripe jumping nail, aphids, spotted fly, snails and so on. Among them, downy mildew, white rust, yellow curly stripe jumping nails, aphids, mainly in the seedling stage to the lotus stage of the harm is more serious; small cabbage moths, spotted fly, snails in the whole growth period will be harmful, especially the small cabbage moth is more difficult to control; root swelling disease, soft rot disease, virus disease, filaria rot disease and so on once the spread of harm, light reduce the rate of commercial dishes of baby cabbage, heavy loss of 20% to 40%, and even cause baby cabbage can not be listed, can only be abandoned in the field.
2.1.1 Arrange stubble reasonably. Plant baby cabbage as far as possible not to be continuous with other cruciferous crops, you can choose sweet and crisp corn - baby cabbage rotation mode or water and drought rotation mode to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insects, the former stubble as far as possible to beans, leeks, garlic seedlings, celery, eggplant and so on is appropriate. The experimental results show that the rotation of baby cabbage and non-cruciferous crops can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as root swelling disease and filaria rot disease by 10%-20%, and increase the net commercial dish rate of baby cabbage by more than 20%.
2.1.2 Select disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties. According to the different cultivation times, select disease-resistant varieties such as Hua Nai b1102, Toyo Mini Yellow, Xia Mei, etc., to prevent the singleness of varieties from aggravating the disease. Potassium permanganate was used to impregnate the seeds before sowing, and isobacterium urea sprayed on the seedling pond after sowing can prevent and control seedling-stage blight.
2.1.3 Clean the countryside. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, after the harvest of the former stubble, weeds, discarded vegetable leaves and diseased leaves should be completely removed from the field, and the snails, small vegetable moths, green insects and aphids in the stumps and leaves of the field should be prevented and controlled. The cleaned waste vegetable leaves can be stacked in the fertilizer pond, mixed with rice bran, urea and other fermentation auxiliaries in layers, and then poured on the discarded vegetable leaves in the pool with an anaerobic bacteria activated by brown sugar water, and the pool surface can be covered with plastic sheet compaction for 20 to 30 days. Organic fertilizer is formed after biological fermentation in the fertilizer pond, and then returned to the farmland as part of the bottom fertilizer for application, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the quality of baby cabbage.
2.1.4 Prepare the land and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Before sowing, the plot should be deeply turned over, and high-quality decomposed farm manure should be applied 1~2 t/667m2, calcium superphosphate 20~30 kg/667m2, and the above fertilizer should be fully mixed and evenly applied to ensure the nutrition of baby cabbage during the growth period and improve the disease resistance of baby cabbage. Then deep ploughing and leveling to make the mound, planting using about 1.6 m open mound, ditch width of about 19 cm to improve the ventilation and light transmittance of the field; easy to drain, flood control, cooling and drainage, reduce the occurrence of standing blight, downy mildew, soft rot, white rust.
2.1.5 Soil disinfection. For the local baby cabbage planting process, the ground tiger, golden needle worm and other underground pests occur heavily, with 3% octyl thion granules 3 kg/667m2 mixed with fine sand sprinkling, immediately turned into the soil and dried the field for a week after planting can reduce the pest. After the soil is applied to the bottom fertilizer, it is deeply turned (about 30 cm) leveled, watered and moisturized for 3 to 4 days, and when the soil moisture can be kneaded in the hand, it can be scattered after 1 m high, and then use a rotary tiller to rotate tillage. Then use soil disinfectant (such as mianlong) 20~30 kg/667m2 to evenly sprinkle on the surface to disinfect the soil. Soil disinfection in place can reduce the occurrence of filaria rot disease, soft rot disease, virus disease and other baby cabbage diseases. However, it should be noted that the soil has also killed beneficial bacteria after treatment, and biological bacterial fertilizer should be applied in time to ensure that there are enough beneficial bacteria in the soil.
2.1.6 Sowing at the right time. The local sowing time is generally from September to March of the following year, the sowing time should not be too early or too late, it is easy to pump too early, the late growth cycle is short, the ball is not real, the quality is poor, the yield is declining, and the economic benefits are low. Sowing at the right time can avoid the peak of local filamentous rot disease, soft rot, small vegetable moth, spotted fly and other diseases and insects, and reduce the cost of disease and insect control.
2.1.7 Covering the mulch film. Mulching is a water-saving and yield-increasing measure with the effects of lifting water and preserving moisture, increasing ground temperature, reducing soil salinity in the tillage layer, improving soil physical and chemical properties, improving crop yield quality and water efficiency. Baby cabbage mulching can also control the growth of weeds between plants, reducing the occurrence of underground pests and downy mildew. Local vegetable farmers can reduce the use of this technology once per stubble, and reduce the amount of pesticide used by 0.3 to 0.9 kg per 1hm2. Harvest 5 to 10 days early, and the yield per 1hm2 increases by nearly 4.5 t.
2.2.1 Seedling stage. The seedling stage should be timely for the seedlings to be fixed. When inter-seedling, avoid the noon high temperature period, and spray the seedling pond with Rui miaoqing (30% methyl cream · xyrrimer) 45 g/667m2 mixed with water 45 kg to prevent the occurrence of filaria rot. At the same time, combined with physical measures such as color plate booby-traps, the rational use of antifromine, thiamethoxine, imidacloprid and other agents to prevent spotted fly, yellow curved stripe jumping beetle, small ape leaf insect, aphids and so on.
2.2.2 Opening Period. The opening period is a critical period for the prevention of foliar diseases. Reasonable fertilizer and water management can enhance plant resistance and reduce the occurrence of downy mildew, white rust, brown spot disease and other diseases. At this time, combined with the cultivation management of 5 kg/667 m2 of potassium yellow humic acid fertilizer and the control of nitrogen fertilizer application, the occurrence of soft rot can be slowed down. Timely control of aphids to eliminate viral disease vectors. In the spring and dry seasons, foliar fertilizers of hydrochloric acid and morpholine copper plus amino acids should be sprayed in combination with plant growth to control the harm of viral diseases. When the humidity in the field is high, in the early stage of foliar diseases such as brown spot disease, oleylmorpholine, imidaminamine, azoxystrobin and other agents are used for prevention and control. Although root swelling disease, soft rot disease, and filamentobacteria rot disease are commonly harmful in the late growth stage of baby cabbage, at this time, the use of fulimide, Bacillus subtilis spray rooting prevention and control of root swelling disease, the selection of chlorobromo isobacterium urea, neophytomycin to control soft rot, the selection of pyrimidine, ethylene sclerotia and other prevention and control of filaria rot disease is just right. Foliar spraying of copper hydrochloride, morpholine, shiitake polysaccharides plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate can control the spread of viral diseases.
2.2.3 Rosette Stage. The lotus period is a critical period for the formation of the quality of baby cabbage. Focus on the prevention and control of small vegetable moths, twill moths, beet moths and snails. Before the peak of the main pest generation, special pheromones and frequency vibration insecticidal lamps can be used to trap adult nocturnal moth pests; at the peak, weeds and vegetable leaves are used to make a lure pile to trap snails and nocturnal moth larvae at night and artificially capture them before dawn; at the same time sprinkle quicklime on the field to block the migration hazard path of snails; the flowering plants artificially planted in the field are used as natural enemy refuges for small cabbage moth bent-tailed wasps, cabbage moth velvet cocoon bees, grass moths, seven-star ladybirds, etc. At the peak of pest occurrence, natural enemy hosts are encouraged to reproduce to achieve pest control. The larvae of the cabbage moth need to be controlled by carcass granule virus, cyanopyrifosamide, thuringiensis, polybactericides, and methoxyfenhydrazides before 3 instars to slow down their resistance. If root swelling disease, soft rot, filamentous rot disease and other diseased strains are found at this time, it is necessary to remove the harmless treatment outside the field block in time and use carbendazim, bacillus, pentachloronitrobenzene and other disinfection ponds to prevent continuous infection.
2.2.4 Closing Period. If the comprehensive prevention and control measures for diseases and insects in the early stage of growth of baby cabbage are in place, the balling period will generally not cause large losses of disease and insect damage. At this time, it is only necessary to do a good job of normal fertilizer and water management, strictly implement the pesticide safety interval and the harvest standards of high-quality baby cabbage.
In summary, the comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests of high-quality alpine baby cabbage is a set of measures that run through the whole process of its production cycle. All localities need to choose specific measures suitable for the local area according to the characteristics of baby cabbage varieties and combined with the natural geographical and climatic environmental conditions. In the control of diseases and insects, priority is given to the use of agricultural measures to improve plant resistance, the selection of physical measures to reduce the source of field diseases and insect infections, seize the critical period of pest control and control of efficient and environmentally friendly biological and chemical pesticides to control its harm, while reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used to ensure the safety of baby cabbage production.
The above is the entire content of this article, I hope to be of some help to the majority of agricultural workers, if you think the article is still good, help pay attention to the author and forward the comments to like! Thank you!