Apple tree planting, involving a wide range of fields, both to choose the right soil, but also to choose the right planting time, the later stage also involves daily maintenance and insect and bird control, a link buckle, the above points do not do well, directly affect the quality of the fruit, this article will briefly introduce the precautions for apple tree planting.
Although apple trees can be planted in spring or autumn, the best time is spring, because climatic factors are very important for growing apples, and the spring climate is most suitable for the growth of apple trees. And apple trees planted in the spring tend to survive. If you plant in autumn, you need to pay attention to filling enough water before winter comes, and you must also increase the ground temperature as much as possible, so as to improve the survival rate of fruit seedlings.
It is recommended that fruit farmers buy large seedlings to plant, which can greatly shorten the growth time of fruit trees and generate income in advance. Remove all weeds from the land before sowing. Purchase saplings that do not dry, freeze or come into contact with high temperatures. If the roots are already dry, they need to be soaked about 24 hours before sowing.
Like most fruits, it is a sun-loving plant, and apples grow best in full sunlight, which means that it takes at least six hours or more of sunshine a day. Apple trees need well-drained soil, poorly drained soil can lead to root rot, the ideal soil ph range 6.0 ~ 6.5. Soil testing is recommended before planting apple trees.
When cultivating, water the appropriate amount of water in the prepared tree pit, and then put the apple tree in, and fill the soil. Do not fertilize when first planting, as premature fertilization may burn seedlings. Regularly water the young trees and ensure that they are watered at least once every 2 days, which is very important, because it cannot be watered in time in the early stage, otherwise it will seriously affect the growth of fruit trees. If apple trees are found to grow slowly shortly after planting, it may be because the soil is not fertile enough and proper fertilization is required.
Most apples require pollen from another apple tree to produce fruit, which is called cross-pollination. The second tree must be of different varieties, but must also flower at the same time, or have overlapping flowering periods. Although many varieties can be self-pollinated, cross-pollination has a higher success rate and better results. The presence of bees will also be very important, if only rely on wind pollination, without manual intervention or no bee pollination, it may lead to poor pollination, and reduce the number of fruits, and even lead to fruit deformity. Therefore, orchards are recommended to rent or keep bees for good pollination. If you keep bees, be careful not to overuse broad-spectrum pesticides that reduce the number of bees.
Pay attention to the application of the required fertilizer at each growth period of the fruit tree to meet the nutrient requirements of the fruit tree growth. For example: phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during flowering, boron fertilizer spraying.
Pruning slows down the overall growth rate of young trees and delays fruit. Therefore, if you are not in a hurry to clear branches, broken or dead branches, do not rush to prune. After the fruit trees have grown and formed, they can be trimmed. Set the shape, leave the central stem, and the resulting branches should stretch outward along the central stem and to both sides. The long back branches can be removed, but the trees that grow vigorously cannot be cut short and nodded.
Proper fruit thinning can stabilize yields, prevent branches from being crushed, and ensure good taste of the fruit.
Pest control measures will be an important part of care, as there are many diseases and pests that can invade apples. Especially in the spring, there are more bugs, and once the bugs are found, they must be cleaned up in time. Common main insect pests of apples are heartworms, leaf mites, and leaf curl moths, which harm the treetops, trunks, leaves, and fruits of the plant. The harm to the plant is greater, the light plant growth is poor, the yield is reduced, and the heavy causes the direct death of the plant.
Control method: remove weeds and leaves from the orchard, reduce the source of pests, and eliminate overwintering eggs. During the growth period of fruit trees, the larvae of pests in curly leaves can be pinched to death during flower thinning or summer shearing. In addition, it is possible to release natural enemies and spray agents. If you choose to release natural enemies, it is recommended to release the pine caterpillar red-eyed bee during the winter, once every five days, for a total of four times. The recommended value of the amount of bees per tree: 500 heads for the first time, 1000 heads for the second time, and 500 heads for the next two times. Other predators include: leaf-curling moth apple-bellied cocoon bee, pseudo-Australian red-eyed bee, a variety of predatory spiders, roll moth velvet cocoon bees and so on.
If you choose to spray the chemical, it is recommended that the orchard spray 3 to 5 baumedo stone sulfur compound at the beginning of germination, and the 60 to 80 times liquid of the 45% stone sulfur compound crystal can also be used, which can basically kill most of the wintering pests. According to the actual planting observation in the field, the incubation period of pests and the emergence period of overwintering larvae are the key periods of pharmaceutical control. The commonly used agents during the period are: 1% methamoavermectin benzoate emulsion 3000 ~ 4000 times liquid, 35% chloranthrine benzamide water dispersible granules 10000 ~ 12000 times liquid, 20% carbazoylhydrazide suspension 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid, 25% urea suspension agent 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid, 24% methoxyanizid suspension 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid. In addition, cypermethrin, cypermethrin and cypermethrin also have a control effect on pests, and can also be sprayed with microbial pesticides such as thuringiensis, borer fungus, and white zombie bacteria to control larvae, but pay attention to the concentration of drugs to avoid endangering the growth of fruit trees.
When the skin is no longer green, pluck the apple. When the fruit is placed in the palm of the hand and twisted slightly, the stem should be easily separated from the branches and then bent upwards (without jerking) to judge as a well-ripe apple. Different apple varieties ripen at different times, and under normal circumstances, apples mostly ripen in the fall. However, the area and variety of cultivation are different, and the maturity time is also different. The earlier varieties that matured were around July. Later ripening is around September. Later varieties mature around October to November.
Household storage should pick apples with appropriate maturity, while paying attention to temperature and humidity, and do not let the apples be in a sweltering environment. In winter, the room temperature is between -1 °C and 8 °C, and it is best to be around 0 °C, so that apples can be stored for a long time and can be kept fresh for a long time.
Store only the middle and late ripe apples. Earlier mature varieties are best not to keep and to be eaten immediately after picking. Mid-stage varieties should be maintained for several weeks. And the apples used for storage must have an intact skin and no bruises or blemishes. Defective apples can rot in storage. Newspaper storage is recommended: wrap individual fruits in newspaper or tissue paper. Place the packaged apples in a place where air circulates. Different varieties will be stored for different lengths of time, so keep them separate and eat those that cannot be stored for a long time first. The ideal storage place is in a cool, well-ventilated place. The storage environment should be avoided from overheating, insufficient ventilation or low humidity. Check the stored apples regularly and remove any apples that have become soft, browned or rotten.