The giant wheel of time and space, rolling up the dust of history, carrying the vicissitudes of time, galloped all the way on the yellow sand silk ancient road. The sound of camel bells, the sound of horses, the sonorous sound of soldiers, the shouts of soldiers, the howls of the people, the sighs of degraded officials, the chants of poets... Intertwined, they converged into a symphony of earth-shattering and ghostly border plugs, which resounded in people's ears, shook people's souls, and performed one thrilling live drama after another on the historical stage of developing the western region to defend the frontier. Relying on the relics of history, the remains of the beacons left next to the silk road in front of them, the ruins of the post stations, like an old man who has experienced vicissitudes and candles, nagging to the pedestrians and caravans in the past, telling the little-known adult past that has been deposited in the depths of their memories.
If the ancient Silk Road is likened to a pearl necklace that stretches across the northern hemisphere, then pearls are villages, castles, post stations, beacons scattered on the ancient roads.
Only next to the silk ancient road in Mulei Kazakh Autonomous County, there have been set up Sebikou Station and Large Stone Beacon Tower; three Spring Station and Three Spring Beacon Tower; MuleiHe Station and a Bowl Spring Beacon Tower. For hundreds of years, these three post stations and beacon towers have stood at the foot of the mountain road or at the head of the Gobi shoal, echoing and relying on each other, because a gushing spring has given the land living alone in the Gobi grassland and trees, breeding hope for life; because of the warmth of the huts, merchants and travelers, officials and postmen, and detractors who come and go on the silk ancient road have a place to rest after a long journey.
It is not difficult to find the ruins of the three spring stations. The three fountain beacon towers that stand on a high slope on the north side of the Muba Highway on the Bostan section are a clear sign. Beacon Tower is located on the north side of the highway about 250 meters west of the three spring villages in Bostan Township. It is a rammed earth rectangular building, originally a grass mud plaster, and now most of the mud skin and rammed earth surface layer have been peeled off, and the basic outline still exists. The base of the beacon tower is 4.2 meters long, 2.8 meters wide and 4.7 meters high, and the top is 2.1 meters long and 2.1 meters wide. The Three Springs Station is located in an open ravine at the foot of the Three Springs Beacon Tower.
The Three Springs Station was established around the time of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and was one of the earliest military stations established in the Qing Dynasty. Three spring stations, the original local place name "Aktash", meaning "white stone". The "three springs" that were later used were Chinese place names, because there were three springs in the ditch that never dried up throughout the year. Due to the gentle terrain and abundant water sources here, it is suitable for farming and grazing, and later people gradually moved here to gradually form a small village. Because the Yilu Ancient Road crossed the Bostan Ditch and set up a military station called "Sanquan Yi", it became a symbol of traveling in and out of Xinjiang, staying and resting to replenish supplies.
In the Qing Dynasty, whether it was the soldiers of Shubian, the officials who went to the post, the merchants who went to the past, or the degraded officials who were exiled, from Guannei to Urumqi (Dihua) and Yili in Xinjiang, the three springs were the places that had to pass, and the three springs naturally became a resting place in their long journey. Fortunately, those who are full of economics and inkers, who are officials and officials often touch the scenery when passing by here, and their poems are flourishing, writing poems and writings, expressing feelings. The poems of these Qing Dynasty scholars not only have a high literary appreciation value, but also retain precious historical materials for future generations to understand the "three springs" of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Qianlong period, Ji Xiaolan's "Urumqi Miscellaneous Songs", Hong Liangji's "Ili Diary", Lin Zexu's "Saiwai Miscellaneous Songs", "Hege Jicheng" and other anthologies recorded what they saw and heard at the three spring stations.
From the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768) to the thirty-fifth year, Ji Xiaolan was exiled to Urumqi. During his exile, he passed through three springs. He included in the "Urumqi Miscellaneous Poems" book "Twenty-three Pieces of Terroir" group poems, of which the nineteenth is:
The three springs were avoided by the shock, and the centaurs were as light as a leaf.
Remember to move the camp to a thousand pawns, block the wind harbor Han like a river boat.
There is a note under the poem: "The three springs are the strongest, and they often lose people and horses." Gengyin (Qianlong 35) In March, the Xi'an soldiers moved to Yili and blocked the wind for three days. It can be seen that in the early Qing Dynasty, the three spring stations in the spring were like harbors sheltered from the wind by river boats, and there were also incidents of blowing passers-by away.
During the Jiaqing period, the Hanlin Academy edited Hong Liangji to exile Ili in Xinjiang, and in the "Diary of Yili", Hong Liangji recorded the feeling of arriving at the three springs: on the eighth day of the first month of the fifth year of Jiaqing, "Pingming traveled one hundred and twenty miles, reaching three springs, the bright moon was high, the snow was thousands of miles, and the earth was the same color, and the world was really cool." In one of the seven laws he wrote, there are three springs described as "the sky is high and the earth is always one color, and the bright moon and white snow distinguish the light."
In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, due to the defeat of the "Opium War", Lin, the governor of Liangguang, sent Xu Shu to Yili. According to the Journey to the West, Lin Zexu passed through three springs called "Aktas" in the fourth way in early October. Because it is a small sunny spring, "the sun is full of sunshine, and the snow is gradually dissolving", so that the sense of hardship and hardship of the journey is alleviated. The poet's disclosed state of mind shows that after walking through the difficult and bumpy sections of Hexi and East Tianshan, to the three springs of the Silk Road Ancient Yi that protect the Tianshan Mountains, through reflection, the waves in my heart have become calmer.
Among them, Hong Liangji's "Traveling forty Miles by Moon on the Eighth Day of the First Month to Three Springs", Shi Shanchang's "Three Springs", Fang Ximeng's "Three Springs Chi Boqian", and Song Bolu's "From Three Springs to the Great Stone" are all poetry masterpieces with the title of "Three Springs".
In the poem "Forty Miles to Three Springs" on the eighth day of the first month, Hong Liangji "described for us the scene of the three springs and moons of that year when the snow white heaven and earth were full of people and wild birds singing and harmony:
The crowds are slim and tired and alone on the ancient battlefield.
The sky is always the same color, and the bright moon and white snow are clear.
When the eyebrows are raised, there are mountain fowl passing by, and the clear whistle is high and the wild birds are.
The three springs were still halfway through, and I was tired of lying out of the clouds.
During the Jiaqing period, The poem "Three Springs" by Shi Shanchang of Yuganzhi County, Jiangxi Province, described for us the bad weather of the three springs with yellow sand and tears like gold, expressing the poet's good wish to "teach to suck up the water of the West River and spray it as a Gobi Hundred Dao Springs". The original poem is as follows:
The desert yellow sand is dim, and sure enough, teardrops are better than money.
May the religion suck up the water of the West River and spray it as a hundred springs in the Gobi.
Fang Ximeng, who spent five years in Xinjiang as the shogun of Jin Shunzhi, the "Zhuosheng Army", in the second year of Guangxu. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, he went to Xinjiang for the second time as the shogun of Chang Gung. The Three Springs Chi Boqian recounts what he saw when he passed through the three springs when he returned to Guannei after his second visit to Xinjiang.
The scenes and moods described in "Three Springs Chi Boqian" are more spectacular than those of the first two poems. See:
Dushan City has passed through the peaks, and in August The snow has been heavy.
The sunset flag is only a falcon, and the west wind is a dragon.
The dome of the house is long and the night is rather settled, and the shogunate is also temporarily accommodated in autumn.
Sanju Chijun drank from himself, and the grapes were still left.
All the way through Dushan City are continuous mountain peaks, and the border plugs in August are already snowy and cold. In the afterglow of the setting sun, only the flag fluttering eagle struck the long sky, and the west wind hunting horn whimpered and alarmed the Heavenly Vault Dragon. Curled up in a vault-like felt room on a long cold night, even the shogunate officials would show their sad faces in this cold late autumn. Chi Jun, who was even more sad in the middle of the night, kept pouring himself a drink, pouring out a cup of sweet and mellow grape wine, and the overflowing aroma of wine was still drifting in the felt room.
Successively serving as an envoy to Jiangxi, the inspector of Henan, and the governor of Zhili, Jiaqing was disillusioned for eleven years because of the incident, and was pardoned two years later, and then successively served as an envoy of Salt Transport in Shandong, the inspector of Zhejiang and Fujian, and was restored to the post of governor. Yan Guan left many poems when passing through wooden barriers on his way to Xinjiang. One of the five-sentence poems entitled "From Aktas to a Bowl of Springs" is one of them:
The clouds are thick and far away, and the fog is combined to face the yin.
There are roads in the middle of the song, and there is no forest in the barren hills.
There is snow on the side of the stream, and there are birds smelling on the grass.
The horse is stuffed to the poor, and the leisurely line is polite.
The "Aktas" mentioned in the poem is the Kazakh name for "Three Springs".
In Yan's pen, there are three springs in front of him: thick clouds obscuring distant mountains, and mist shrouding the morning sun. Winding mountain roads, barren grassy hills. The snow remains by the stream, and the birdsong low on the grass. The traveler who traveled westward was in a state of mind. In the poem, the poet's frustrated and worried mood contrasts with the gloomy and desolate scenery in front of him, but it also has a different mood.
The Qing dynasty wrote about three spring stations, and the later one is Song Bolu's five-word ancient poem "From Three Springs to the Great Stone". Song Bolu was a scholar in the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886) and was imprisoned for participating in the "Hundred Days Restoration". In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, Song Bolu came to Xinjiang and served as the shogun of the Ili general. When he left office and returned to Beijing, he passed through three springs. On leaving the three spring stations for the Great Stone, the poet gave a poem:
Frost hooves are stubborn clouds, and delicate rides on the precariousness.
Qilei is sandwiched between the roads, as dark as iron.
I smell the mountain wind, and I often freeze throughout my life.
Sometimes it's the middle of the summer, and the number of snows in a day is counted.
The travel is more frozen to death, and the spokes are sad and folded.
I came to the beginning of August, and the frost was miserable.
Although Qiu Brown has already possessed it, he is afraid of being clumsy.
Do you know the operators, one by one, into a fictitious.
Light dust chases the tiger's hooves, and there is residual heat in the daytime.
Yesterday, someone passed, and Shang Daoxue did not rut.
The car was starving and freezing, and immediately his fingers were cracked.
Tiangong Ning is intentional, and the danger can be said.
Naturally, how to use strong distinction.
If the poet has not yet had an intuitive feeling and personal experience of the cold wind and snow in the exotic land and the trepidation of the wanderers, then this rare trip to three springs has truly made the poet have an unforgettable experience of the scenery and climate of the western region:
Dangerous stone gorges, rugged mountain roads, cold winds, fluttering snow, rubber-folded spokes, frozen fingers, miserable travels, dangerous journeys... All left the poet with indelible memories.
Since the Republic of China, with the opening of highways and the improvement of transportation, the function of the three springs as a post station has weakened day by day, and finally withdrew from the historical stage, and even the ruins of the former post station are now gone and difficult to find. At the same time, the number of people migrating from the interior is gradually increasing. By the end of the 1980s, the number of permanent residents here had reached more than 20 households, with a population of nearly 200, forming a small village.
The three springs that have entered a new era have changed their old appearance and new appearance. Looking around, the three-eyed spring water meanders down the ditch from south to north. The hillside is green with grass, the wheat waves are rolling, and herds of cattle and sheep are scattered on the grass to graze leisurely. At the foot of the mountain, farmhouses are lined with cooking smoke, and the roof is covered with cooking smoke, which is a leisurely and idyllic idyllic scenery.