Dou Jiande was initially a subordinate of Gao Shida, the rebel leader of the Qinghe Rebellion, who proclaimed himself the Duke of Donghai and made Dou Jiande a soldier.
In the twelfth year of Daye, the Sui Emperor sent Guo Xuan to lead more than 10,000 soldiers to attack Gao Shida, and after Dou Jiande gained Guo Xuan's trust by deception, he killed Guo Xuan while he was unprepared.
At that time, the Sui Dynasty servant Yang Yichen had just killed the rebel leader Zhang Jin at Hequ, and planned to take advantage of the victory to go to Gaojipo to attack Gao Shida, Dou Jiande advised Gao Shida not to go to war, But Gao Shida did not listen, and was subsequently beheaded by Yang Yichen in the battle.
Dou Jiande fled to Raoyang with only a hundred people, took advantage of his lack of preparation to capture the city of Raoyang, obtained more than 3,000 soldiers, returned to the plains and collected the fleeing soldiers of Gao Shida's men, so he built an altar in Leshou and proclaimed himself the King of Changle.
The Left Imperial Guard general Zhuo Jun (涿郡) remained behind to guard Xue Shixiong on the orders of the Sui Emperor to attack Li Mi, walked to the river, and was stationed at Qilijing. Dou Jiande took advantage of Xue Shixiong's lack of preparation to launch a sneak attack, the Sui army was defeated, Xue Shixiong was also depressed and died, and Dou Jiande led the rebels to attack Hejian.
Hejian Commandery was responsible for defending the city, Dou Jiande attacked for more than a year without success, until the news that the Sui Emperor was killed by Yu Wenhua and came, Dou Jiande sent emissaries to ask questions, Wang Qun gave up resisting surrender, Dou Jiande appointed Wang Zhen as the Assassin of Yingzhou, and Hebei County all rushed to surrender dou Jiande after hearing about it.
Dou Jiande
In November 618, Rao Yang ordered Song Zhengben and Jingcheng Gong Deshao to persuade Dou Jiande to change the name of the country to Xia, and Dou Jiande then fixed the capital Leshou and appointed Song Zhengben as Nayan, because Song Zhengben was erudite and talented, Dou Jiande relied heavily on him; He also appointed Kong Deshao as the Inner History Waiter, and appointed Cao Zhang Xuansu of the Sui Dynasty Jingcheng Household as the Yellow Gate Waiter, and set up a hundred officials, known as the King of Xia.
Dou Jiande used a trick to kill Wei Dao'er, the rebel leader who was entrenched between Jizhou and Dingzhou, and annexed his 100,000 people, and Yizhou and Dingzhou also surrendered to Dou Jiande.
After Dou Jiande's territory expanded, he led an army of 100,000 to attack Youzhou. Luo Yi, the governor of Tang Youzhou, ambushed Xue Wanjun (Xue Shixiong's son) with his plan to ambush the elite troops on the side of the city, and defeated Dou Jiande's troops who were crossing the river. Dou Jiande then sent troops to attack Huobao and Yongnu counties, but was still defeated by Luo Yi, so he had to return to Leshou first.
After resting for two months, Dou Jiande wanted to fight against Yu Wenhua and the crime of rebellion against the king, so he led his soldiers to Liaocheng. Yu Wenhua and Xian and Li Mi rubbed each other's defeats and injuries, and before they could slow down, they were surrounded by a large army led by Li Shentong, the king of Huai'an in the Tang Dynasty, and Dou Jiande came to show off his martial prowess when he was dying and struggling, and Wang Bo, the rebel leader who was jointly defending the city, saw that the situation was not good, and quickly opened the city gate and surrendered.
Dou Jiande beheaded yu wenhua and his party; Sui Huangmen Shilang Pei Zhi was appointed as the Left Servant, Bingbu Shilang Cui Junsu as the Servant of the Army, Shaofu Ling He Chou as the Gongbu Shangshu, Right Shilang Zhongliu as Zuo Cheng, Yu Shinan as the Yellow Gate Attendant, and Ouyang Qing as Tai Changqing.
He sent emissaries to Yang Tong, the emperor of The Emperor, and the emperor created Dou Jiande the King of Xia. Dou Jiande then attacked Xingzhou and captured Chen Junbin, the governor of Xingzhou in the Tang Dynasty, but only a little more than a month later, Wang Shichong imprisoned Yang Tong, the emperor, and established himself as emperor, changing the name of the country to Zheng, and Dou Jiande also built the Tianzi Banner and entered the guard.
Li Shimin, King of Qin
After that, Dou Jiande led a large army to attack Cangzhou, Huanzhou, Xiangzhou, and Zhaozhou, capturing Yuan Zigan, the governor of Huanzhou, Zhang Zhiang, the governor of Zhaozhou, and Zhang Daoyuan, the governor of Zhaozhou, and beheading Shi Lümin of Xiangzhou, but when he attacked Youzhou again, dou Jiande led a large army to Weizhou.
Every time Dou Jiande marched, he sandwiched the heavy and old and weak soldiers in the middle, and on the left and right were infantry and cavalry, and Dou Jiande personally led more than a thousand cavalry to open the road.
When passing through Liyang, Li Shixun, the tang governor of Liyang, sent his general Qiu Xiaogang to lead two hundred cavalry to reconnoiter, and just happened to encounter Dou Jiande, so he fought a battle, and after Qiu Xiaogang was beheaded, Dou Jiande's confidence increased greatly, and immediately attacked Liyang, capturing Li Shentong, the king of Tang Huai'an, Li Shixun's father Li Gai and Wei Zheng, and Tang Gaozu's sister Princess Tong'an.
Because his father was captured, Li Shiji had to surrender to Dou Jiande temporarily, and Dou Jiande appointed Li Shixun as the general of Zuo Xiaowei, or guarded Liyang, and let Wei Zheng serve as a resident, at this time Xu Yuanlang, the governor of Tang Yanzhou, also wanted to surrender to Dou Jiande.
Dou Jiande's territory expanded repeatedly, so he returned to Huanzhou, ordered the construction of Wanchun Palace, and moved the capital to Huanzhou.
However, it is said that Li Shixun stayed with Dou Jiande for only three months, and then he defected to the Tang Dynasty, and Dou Jiande's courtiers asked to kill Li Gai, and Dou Jiande believed that Li Shixun was not wrong to be loyal to the old lord, so he pardoned Li Gai.
Subsequently, Dou Jiande sent the general Gao Shixing to attack Youzhou, but lost more than 5,000 people. Therefore, Dou Jiande personally put on the battlefield and led an army of 200,000 to attack Youzhou, and Luo Yibu led a death squad of more than 100 people led by Xue Wanjun and Xue Wanche from behind to cover up, killing more than 1,000 Dou Jiande soldiers, Luo Yi took advantage of the victory and kicked Dou Jiande's camp, Dou Jiande was defeated, and fled in defeat.
Wang Shichong
At this time, Wang Shichong was besieged by Li Shimin, the King of Qin, and had to ask Dou Jiande for help, and Liu Bin, a zhongshu attendant, persuaded Dou Jiande to send troops to save Zheng, and he analyzed that Tang had to go to Guanxi, Zheng de Henan, and Xia De Hebei, a three-legged momentum, and if Zheng perished, Xia could not survive alone, it was better to send troops to save Zheng, and when the Tang Dynasty retreated, it was also possible to wait for the opportunity to take Zheng. So Dou Jiande sent emissaries to Wang Shichong, promising to send troops to support.
Dou Jiande shang was in preparation, and Luo Yi, the king of Yan Commandery in the Tang Dynasty, sent an army to attack the city of Longhuo, and Dou Jiande's army was defeated. At the same time, the captured Zhao Prefecture consolation made Zhang Daoyuan also secretly send a letter to Chang'an, asking Tang Gaozu to send troops to attack Huanzhou, and the Tang Dynasty sent liu Shirang, the commander of the march, to send troops, but Liu Shirang was recalled due to the Turkic invasion after only capturing Huangzhou.
Due to food shortages, Wang Shichong sent his nephew Wang Wan and eldest grandson An Shi to Dou Jiande to beg for help, and Dou Jiande sent the rebel leader Meng Haigong, who had been captured at Zhouqiao, to Luoyang with Xu Yuanlang to support Wang Shichong.
Dou Jiande's side did not stop, capturing Guanzhou, Xingyang, and Yang Zhai, and transporting grain and grass to Wang Shichong by land and water. In order to intercept Dou Jiande, Li Shimin, the King of Qin, divided his generals in two, and let Li Yuanji, the King of Qi, surround Luoyang, and himself led 3,500 men to garrison Hu Prison Pass. Li Shimin's subordinates were all heroes who were brave and good at war, such as Li Shixun, Cheng Zhijie, Qin Shubao, Wei Chi Jingde, etc. Dou Jiande attacked the tiger prison for more than a month, but he was stunned that he could not get half a bargain, but was captured by Li Shimin and several generals.
Guozi sacrificed wine Ling Jing to offer advice to Dou Jiande, sent troops to attack Huaizhou and Heyang, crossed the Taihang Mountains into Shangdang, captured Fenzhou and Jinzhou, and then advanced into Pujin, if according to Ling Jing's strategy, Dou Jiande could not only relieve Wang Shichong, but he could also gain more territory, but the reality often backfired, at that time Wang Shichong was like an ant on a hot pot, and repeatedly sent emissaries to report to the emergency, Wang Huan and the eldest grandson An Shi also bribed Dou Jiande's generals, saying that they could not listen to Ling Jing's words. However, Dou Jiande's wife Cao Shi still had some insight, and advised Dou Jiande to act according to Ling Jing's plan, Dou Jiande only worried that Zheng Guo was dying, where to consider the disaster he was facing? Therefore, the wife's persuasion is also all in the ear.
Li Shimin, the king of Qin, used more than a thousand horses to graze cattle north of Guangwu to lure Dou Jiande, and Dou Jiande did indeed come out of the ox mouth to swing. There were several small-scale contacts between the two sides, after which Li Shimin ordered a large-scale advance, and Li Shimin asked Shi Danai, Cheng Zhijie, Qin Shubao, and Yuwen Xin to copy bread from the back of Dou Jian's German army, and the front and rear attacks caused Dou Jian's German army to collapse suddenly.
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Dou Jiande was injured and fled to Niukouzhu, and the che general Bai Shijian and Yang Wuwei captured Dou Jiande to see Li Shimin, the King of Qin, and Li Shimin denounced that I was crusading against Wang Shichong and that you had nothing to do with you, and you crossed the border to attack my soldiers! Dou Jiande said that I would not come by myself, and I am afraid that I would have to bother you to fetch it.
Dou Jiande's wife Cao Shi and the left servant Qi Shanxing led hundreds of cavalry to flee back to Huanzhou and took care of the aftermath, and Qi Shanxing, together with the right servant Pei Zhi and Xingtai Cao Dan (Cao's brother), led the hundred officials to surrender to the Tang Dynasty by Dou Jiande's wife Cao Shi, and Dou Jiande was later beheaded in Chang'an City.
Dou Jiande from the Sui Dynasty Emperor Daye seven years to the Sui Dynasty emperor daye defected to Gao Shida uprising, to Tang Gaozu Wude was captured and beheaded in four years, before and after nearly ten years, from a humble small soldier, to the hegemon of one of the three worlds, as a peasant rebel army leader, from a personal point of view, to achieve such a cause is also very remarkable, from a historical point of view, Dou Jiande also played a role in overthrowing the tyrannical rule of the Sui Dynasty, but in the end because of not listening to advice and leading to the death of the country, which is also due to fate.