In the Zongyang workshop, in recent years, there has been such a saying: Zongyang is born, tongcheng is famous. There is no problem with the so-called "Zongyang out of the people", after all, the old Tongcheng Nanxiang has a deep cultural heritage, and there are many literati and scholars; and "Tongcheng is famous" is not a problem, because this is a fact that is recognized at home and abroad. But the combination of the two originally problematic sentences is a problem. The sound of this statement makes people feel that the speaker has a sour and provocative taste, which is easy to misunderstand. In fact, from a historical point of view, there are no old Tongcheng celebrities who have nothing to do with Tongcheng! I'm afraid that even the typical Fir Yang people like Liu Daxun and Wu Rulun would not dare to say so? Not to mention those "atypical Fir Yang people" (referring to those celebrities who are controversial among Tong Fir)? Tong Fir was originally a family, and there was no absolute limit to the residence of the family family, so how could it be generalized about who tong and who was fir. I have come into contact with many of My colleagues and friends, and I have discussed this issue with them many times, and I know the arguments they often cite, but in my opinion, the arguments they say are debatable, even obviously wrong. If you are interested, you may wish to listen to me in detail.
1. The three ancestors of the "Tongcheng Sect" are all Zongyang people. This view is widely spread by word of mouth among the Zongyang people, but it is not correct. You may wish to take a look at the biography of the three ancestors of the "Tongcheng Sect", and you can immediately see the clues. Liu Daxun was a native of Laotongcheng (present-day Fengyang), while Fang and Yao were more closely related to present-day Tongcheng. Yao Nai's family lived in Tongcheng, Yao Nai himself was born in the south gate of Tongcheng County, and moved to the north gate of the county town after the age of 8; Fang Bao, who belonged to the Fang clan of Guilin, was born in Liuhe, Nanjing, lived in Nanjing, but has always regarded himself as a Tongcheng person, and he often signed his name "Dragon Sleep Fang Bao" in many works. The only person who was born in The Three Ancestors of the "Tongcheng Sect" in Fengyang was Liu Daxun.
2. Most of the Tongcheng writers are Zongyang people. This theory is also widely spread in the conversation of the Zongyang people, but this statement is also incorrect. The writers of the Tongcheng school are not all Tongcheng (including Fir Yang), but more foreigners. Among the representative writers from Tongcheng, the only two who undoubtedly belong to the present-day Fengyang are Liu Daxun and Wu Rulun. The others either belonged to present-day Tongcheng or were related to both Tongcheng and Tongfeng. Those who undoubtedly belonged to present-day Tongcheng were Dai Mingshi, Liu Kai, Fang Dongshu, Fang Zongcheng, Dai Junheng, Ma Qichang, etc.; and those who had ties to both places were Fang Bao, Yao Nai, Yao Ying, Yao Yongpu, and Yao Yongkuo. Among them, Fang Bao's ancestors, ancestral shrines, and ancestral tombs are all in the territory of present-day Tongcheng, and he himself has been living in Nanjing, and when he returned to Tongcheng to worship his ancestors, he also lived in the ancestral houses of the county town, and his site still exists today. Yao Nai's ancestors lived in Zongyang Maxi, and began to move into Tongcheng County from the fifth ancestor Yao Xu, and then the humanities rose up, all in the territory of present-day Tongcheng. Yao Nai is the sixteenth generation, the twelfth generation of Tong settlement, and the ginkgo tree planted by Yao Nai himself before his former residence "Xi Bao Xuan" is still there; Yao Ying is the eighteenth generation, which is the fourteenth generation of Tong settlement, and the former residence "Shen Yi Xuan" is still there; the Yao Yongpu brothers are the twentieth generation, the sixteenth generation of Tong settlement, and the former residence is also "Shen Yi Xuan".
3. Most of the Tongcheng school writers were born in Zongyang. This statement is incorrect. Fang Bao was born in Liuhe, Nanjing; among other representative writers of the Tongcheng school, such as Dai Mingshi, Yao Nai, Yao Ying, Yao Yongpu, Yao Yongkuo, Liu Kai, Fang Dongshu, Fang Zongcheng, Dai Junheng, and Ma Qichang were all born in the territory of present-day Tongcheng. Only Liu Daxun and Wu Rulun were truly born in The territory of Zongyang.
4, Guilin Fang clan are all Zongyang people. Guilin Fang clan was born in Zongyang and buried in Zongyang celebrities, such as: the tomb of Fang Dazhen is buried in the campus of Zongyang No. 2 Middle School, and some descendants have been living in the area of Zongyang County; Fang Yizhi, who was the abbot of Huayan Temple in Fushan, has a book "Physics Knowledge" (now collected in the library of Beijing Normal University), and his tomb is buried in Fushan Town (now part of Fengyang) in Dongxiang, Old Tongcheng. "The Fang clan of Guilin went from Tongcheng to the whole country and became the second largest cultural family in China after Confucius." This is the famous professor Qian Liqun of Peking University who gave a very high evaluation of the famous people of the Fang clan in Tongcheng Guilin and the far-reaching influence of family culture. The actual situation is that the original relocation of Guilin Fang is Fengyili, the county seat of Tongcheng County, and the current site still exists. The Ancestral Hall of the Fang Clan of Guilin, the place where the ancestors of the first generation settled, and the ancestral tombs of the 10th emperor are all in the territory of present-day Tongcheng, such as the representative writers of Tongcheng, Fang Dongshu and Fang Zongcheng. It can be seen from this that the statement that "the Fang clan in Guilin are all Fir Yang people" is not correct.
(A verse carving by Zhang Ying, the old prime minister at the "Six Feet Lane" side of Tongcheng.) ）
5, Maxi Yao is a Fengyang Maxi people. This statement is even more wrong. Because the vast majority of celebrities in Maxi Yao were born in Tongcheng County. By the time of Yao Nai and Yao Ying, the Yao family had been multiplying and living in Tongcheng for hundreds of years, passing down more than ten generations, and their ancestors had lived on the Maxi River in The North Township of Tongcheng for only five generations, that is, about a hundred years. Taking Yao Nai as an example, born in Tongcheng and raised in Tongcheng, the family was already the twelfth generation after he settled in Tongcheng, and it has been more than three hundred years since his fifth ancestor Yao Xu moved to Tongcheng from Maxi, The North Township of Tongcheng. However, the burial ground after his death was indeed in the present-day Yutang of Zongyang (formerly part of Tongcheng Nanxiang).
6, Gaodian Wu are all Gaodian people in Zongyang. An important representative of Gaodian Wu is Wu Rulun, who is a member of the Old Bridge of huigong; another important representative figure is Wu Yue in the late Qing Dynasty, who has been living in Tongcheng County, and his former residence still exists today. Many of his wu descendants also lived in the surrounding areas of Present-day Tongcheng, Anqing, Guichi, Tongling and other areas of Zongyang. Therefore, this statement is clearly incorrect.
7. The surname Liu in Tongcheng is a native of Chen Jiazhou, Zongyang. Liu Daxun was from Chen Jiazhou, so it could not be assumed that the other Liu people were also from here. For example, Liu Ying, who was the founder of the Ming Dynasty in Kaitongcheng, is a native of Mashan in present-day Tongcheng; in addition, Liu Kai, one of the four sons of YaoMen, is a native of Kongcheng, Tongcheng, whose former residence is still there today.
8. Tongcheng became famous because of Fir Yang. In fact, in addition to the tongcheng school celebrities shared by Tongcheng and Feng, Tongcheng also has many celebrities such as Fan Zeng, a famous strategist of the late Qin Dynasty, Zhu Yi, a great si nong of the Han Dynasty, Cao Song, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, Li Gonglin, a great painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Ying and Zhang Tingyu, the father and son chancellors, and Yan Fengying, a Huangmei opera performance artist, all of whom are historical celebrities born in the territory of present-day Tongcheng.
9. The saying that "Fir Yang is famous and Tongcheng is famous" has a long history. In fact, this statement is only a personal point of view put forward by Wu Hanqing in an article he published twenty years ago, and it has not been discussed for a long time.
The so-called "Fir Yang is out of the people, Tongcheng is famous", in fact, is a joke.
After Zongyang County as a whole came under the jurisdiction of Tongling, many people said that this would cause a split in the "Tongcheng School" culture, which I think is inappropriate. Although the old saying goes, "one side of the water and soil nourishes the other side of the person", the area is a natural attribute, and it is limited to the growth and creation of people after all. The reason why the "Tongcheng School" cultural genre will emerge in Old Tongcheng should have a lot to do with the diligent and thrifty family and the cultural inheritance of reading that "the rich do not lose pigs, the poor do not lose books" that have been advocated since the Ming and Qing dynasties. This kind of folk tradition and family style admonition is the driving force behind the Tongcheng school culture that once flourished. As a cultural faction with a large number of people, the "Tongcheng School", it is not necessarily tongcheng people who "recognize their ancestors and return to the ancestors", such as Lin Qinnan in Fujian and Zeng Guofan in Hunan. Today, with the acceleration of social development and population mobility, no matter how administrative divisions are adjusted, I think that its impact on culture is ultimately limited and not worth worrying about. What we want to inherit and carry forward today should be the good wishes of the Tongcheng school for "righteousness, examination evidence, and lexicon" before the fall of the Tongcheng school (the writing strives to be meaningful, the argument is rigorous, and the text is fresh); second, they hope that the text will carry the Tao and transform the world (Yao Naizhi, the master of the Tongcheng school, said that "for the officials and the people, otherwise the poems such as Li Du, who are still the descendants of Yao Men buxiao", that is, its representatives); the third is the good wishes of the wind bones of the pure and self-righteous (just and not straight, not inclined to inflamed, not inclined to follow the tide, Zuo Guangdou, Fang Yizhi, Dai Mingshi, etc.). That is, the representative of the Tongcheng school).
In summary, I personally believe that the statement that "Fir Yang is famous, Tongcheng is famous" is not valid at all. Today, with the transfer of Zongyang to Tongling, we should not artificially divide and raise the bar, but must identify with the cultural spirit of the former Tongcheng School and inherit and carry it forward.
Source: Tongling Social Science Garden