Yongcheng Cultural Legend - Yutang Chunsusan

The Three Tombs of Yutang Chunsu were originally in Yongcheng! There are historical records.

Before his death, Premier Zhou Enlai took the film and drama "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" on a foreign trip to introduce Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai to foreign friends that They were "China's Romeo and Juliet", so the three princes of Wang (Wang Shunqing) and Su San can also be called ——— Romeo and Juliet during the Ming Dynasty.

　The plot of "Yutang Spring Fall and Difficult Husband" in "Cautionary Tales" has twists and turns, the love story of Su San and Wang Shunqing is touching to the heart, and it has been sung all over Shenzhou after being compiled into a variety of dramas, especially the Peking Opera "Yutang Spring" has the greatest influence, until now, many people can still hum a few words. It is known that Wang Shunqing was a native of Yongcheng. At that time, Su San said in a confession in prison that she and Wang Shunqing were fellow villagers. In this way, Wang Shunqing and Su San are both Yongcheng people. What twists and turns do they have in their love story?

Wang Shunqing in the literary history and script

　　In the article "Su San Returns to Yongcheng" compiled by the Editorial Committee of yongcheng Wenshi Daguan, it is said: "Looking at the "History of Ming" and "Yongcheng County Chronicle", we can see that Yongcheng has an official eunuch royal family. Wang Sanshan has four brothers, the eldest brother Sanyi, the second brother Sanyi, the fourth brother Sande, and Wang Sanshan ranks third, called Wang Sangongzi. When he was young, his studies were abandoned and he wandered in all directions. In the year of Wanli Ding (1597 AD), he was thirty-two years old and thirty-six years old. According to the legend of Wang Sanshan's hometown, Wang Sanshan and Su San married and brought to the Yongcheng home, and the love was abnormal. ” 　　

　　The Ming Dynasty writer Feng Menglong introduced Wang Shunqing at the beginning of the "Spring Fall of Yutang": It is said that during the (Ming) Zhengde period, there was a person in Jinling City in Nanjing, surnamed Wang Qiong, nicknamed Si Zhu, Zhongji Ugly Branch Jinshi, tired official to the Rebbe Shangshu ... The eldest son, Nanjing Zhongshu, the second son, was a great bi, and hesitated for half a moment, and the three officials of the Gongzi (laosan, that is, the "three princes of the king" in the play) came. Those three officials and two names Jing Long, the character Shunqing, were seventeen years old. Born with fresh eyebrows, handsome style, reading a book at a glance and ten lines, raising a pen can be written, is a talented person. Wang Ye cherished sheng as if he were in his heart, and the treasure in his palm was precious. At that moment, the prince commanded: "I will leave you here to study, and ask Wang Ding (the attendant) to collect the account, and when the silver is finished, go home quickly, so that your parents will not be worried." I'll keep all the accounts here with you. "That's the backdrop to the story. The Biography of Wang Sanshan in the Ming Dynasty records: "Wang Sanshan, the character Pengbo, a native of Yongcheng. Twenty-ninth year of the Wanli Dynasty. He was promoted by Jingzhou to become the chief of the bureaucracy. The three parties of Qi, Chu, and Zhejiang attacked Li Sancai, and Sanshan asked himself to ride a bicycle survey, so he was pushed by his party. In the past examination of gong wenxuan lang, into the too often Shaoqing. In October of the first year of the Apocalypse, he was promoted to the right capital of Yushi and patrolled Guizhou on behalf of Li Zhen. "The Fall of The Jade Hall in Spring" is said to be a matter of the Ming Zhengde years, and Mr. Sun Xiaoyu of Hong Kong said that Feng Menglong advanced the story by at least fifty years. From the other scripts written by Feng Menglong, we can see that he has changed the historical story quite a lot. This is because the writing of the literati at that time was mostly taboo and suspicious, forcing the literati to be suspicious, change the court, or pretend, for fear of being denigrated as a vain person.

　Susan Prison in Hongdong County, Shanxi

　　Feng Menglong wrote about its plot in "Love History Volume II": Wang Shunqing of Henan... The bustard has a lot of rhetoric. Born had to be discharged from the hospital, exiled, living in a temple. In the corridor, a fruit seller saw it: "The prince is here!" Yutang Chun swore not to accept guests for Gongzi and ordered me to visit Gongzi's place. Fortunately, there is no other way forward. "It's a report to Sue. Su Yu his mother (bustard mother) went to the temple to make a wish. Seeing sheng, he wept and said, "Jun, a prince of a famous family, once you come to this point, what will the concubine say?" Why not? Sheng Yue: "The road is far away, and I can't return." The prostitute and Jin Yue: "Use this to set up clothes and ornaments, and then go to my house (brothel) and paint xu district." "Born to serve the servants, to return." The bustard is overjoyed and treats each other well. Set up a feast, night, and life sweeps through all and returns (this is the plot of life and Su San). The bustard knows that the prostitute (Su San) died several times. Because of the cut of hair, he was reprimanded as a. Before long, Shanxi merchants became famous for seeking to see, know their own things, and become more virtuous, and redeem themselves with hundreds of gold. Over the years, his hair is long, his color is the same, and he is returned to the concubine. The first merchant wife Pi Shi, with a husband, has a prisoner next to him, and he is a concubine and a tong. And the husband marries a concubine, and the eyes are jealous. Drink at night and put in poisoned wine. The prostitute did not drink, and the husband drank it in his place, and died. The prisoner wanted to marry Pi, but instigated Pi to tell Guan Yun: "The prostitute poisons and kills the husband." The prostitute said, "The wine is leather." Pi Yue: "Husband Shi Qi (who deceived her) is the main room, not willing to be inferior, so he killed his husband and wanted to remarry." "The inmates are right and left (secretly making money to buy official service), and the prostitutes are imprisoned."

　　Among them, the "Shanxi Shang" is a native of Hongdong County, Shanxi, and the story of Yutang's spring fall took place in Hongdong County, Shanxi, until 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), the Hongdong County Judicial Department still kept Su San's case file. The file shows that the plot that Wang Shunqing is Su San's compatriot was confessed by Su San in his confession. The "Susan Confession Hall" and "Susan Prison" of that year were preserved for a long time, and after many repairs, they were unfortunately destroyed in 1977. At that time, Su San was unjustly imprisoned here, tried three times, and tortured for accepting bribes from the officials who handled the case. This prison, located in the southwest of the present-day Hongdong County Government Courtyard, is the best preserved Ming Dynasty prison in China. As soon as you enter the door, you will see the gate with the plaque of "Ming Dynasty Prison", the first thing you see is the statue of Su San, the outer courtyard is the office of the prison in that year, the courtyard on the left is an ordinary prison, the middle is an aisle, there are more than ten cells on both sides, the aisle top is covered with barbed wire, the net is hung with copper bells, and as soon as a prisoner escapes over the wall, he will touch the brass bell. To the left at the end of the aisle is the gate of death row. Entering the door opening, there is a door inside, and these two doors are one open from the right, one from the left, if the prisoner who is unknown escapes, often out of a door but can not open the second door, a small change can delay the prisoner's escape time. Entering the death row, on the right is a high wall, and on the left is the cell where Su San was imprisoned, which contains a statue of Su San. In the center of the death row cell, there are wells and stone troughs where Su San washed his clothes when he was in prison. The wellhead left a mark on the grinding of ropes, and the wellhead was only more than half a foot wide, which was to prevent death row prisoners from committing suicide by throwing themselves into the well. The high wall on the right is filled with quicksand, and if a prisoner digs the wall to escape, the quicksand will continue to flow from the small openings dug out, making it difficult to dig through the wall. Su San was falsely accused of being thrown into such a prison, and the cruelty of life in prison was chilling.

　　Getting out of prison is a lot of hardships

　What happened after The Third Prince of Wang and Su San parted ways? Feng Menglong wrote in the book "History of Love", "When he was born, his father rebuked him angrily. Sui Zhizhi read, Dengjiake, and then promoted (promoted) Yushi", patrolled Shanxi, and when reading the case file, he found Su San's case file, and was very surprised to see it, "Sneaking to the prison student neighbor concubine, since the arrest, do not ambush." When they died, the king came up with a way to have a petty official hide in the cupboard, bring the inmates and Pi and the old woman who had arranged things with them up and torture them, and then the people dispersed and left them there to see what they said. This method worked, "The concubine is old and cannot bear to be tortured, and she privately says: 'Er kills people and tires me.'" I have to imprison the hardware and two pieces of cloth, and can Ann be tortured for what (you)? The two men pleaded, "If you endure me again, I will be freed from my sins and shall be repaid." When xu in the cabinet heard this, he said loudly: "The three of them have done their best." 'Officials are out, Xu is the proof, and the law is all in place.' Wang Lingxiang's pseudo-prostitute brother, led back to his hometown, and set up a mansion in the shadows, which was a side room. ” ;

　　On the verge of death, Su San was rehabilitated by Wang Shunqing, and what happened after he was sent back to Yongcheng? The article "Su San's Return to Yongcheng" says: "According to the legend of Yongcheng, Wang Sanshan and Su San married and brought them to Yongcheng's home for love. One day, the two were watching the hundred flowers in full bloom in the back garden, and the third prince asked Su San what flowers he loved the most, and Su San said: "Jun looks at the cockscomb flowers, the leaves are strong and transparent, the flowers are dazzling, and the concubines are the most favorite." Wang Sanshan inadvertently blurted out: "Although this flower is beautiful, its roots are smelly, how cute is it?" Su San's face changed suddenly when he heard it, thinking that her husband exposed her shortness, disliked her prostitute origin, and jumped down with his feet, Wang Sanshan did not pull it, and Su San fell from the building and died. Wang Sanshan was ashamed and unspeakable, and he did not want to die, so he had to temporarily leave his concubine in the wilderness. Later Wang Sanshan, as the governor of Guizhou, rebelled, was killed, and transported back to Yongcheng. ”

　　Huang quan is difficult to see

　Wang Sanshan's suppression of the rebellion and his killing are historical facts. According to the History of Ming, the rebel at that time was An Bangyan. Wang Sanshan once broke 100,000 thieves with 20,000 people, setting a precedent in China's history of winning more with less. According to Cai Dongfan's "Popular Interpretation of the History of Ming", when there was a rebellion in Guizhou, the Ming court was paying attention to the war in Liaodong at that time, and could not take care of it, so it had to let the new inspector Wang Sanshan take charge of the suppression and send Hou Ke (Hou Fangyu's father) to inspect it. Hou Fangyu's "Chronicle of the Collection of Zhuang Repentance Hall" states: "Guizhou An Bang Yan introduced the rebellion of Zhu Miao, and ordered Situ Gong (Hou Gong) to patrol it. "Later Wang Sanshan was killed in the chaos of the war.

　　Wang Sanshan's head was cut off by the thief Chen Qiyu, and Sanshan's attendant Ding transported the headless corpse back to his native Yongcheng. In order to honor the meritorious heroes, Emperor Zhu Youxiao made a human head out of silver and gave it to the Wang clan for burial. To this day, the Proverb "Gold head, silver head, not as good as the father's meat head" has been circulating in the Yongcheng area.

　In the "Yongcheng Literature and History Grand View", "Su San Returns to Yongcheng" says that after Wang Sanshan's body was transported back to Yongcheng, "It should have been buried with his concubine Su San, but the feudal traditional concept was so bad that prostitutes could not enter the forest and had to be buried outside the wang tomb forest." Some people with hearts remembered wang and Su En's love, afraid that future generations would forget, and carefully buried a stone strip next to Wang Sanshan's tomb, engraving 'The tomb of Su San a hundred steps away'. The strip was discovered in 1980 during a county-wide census of geographical names. Liu Zizheng, the former head of the sixth district of Yongcheng County of the Kuomintang, recalled in 1990, "In 1930, he made a special trip to the northwest of the county to visit the tombs of Wang Sanshan and Su San, and the stone stele of Wang's tomb was covered with pine cypress, with clear handwriting and well-protected. About 360 meters northwest of the tomb, there is a tomb, and the tomb stele in front of the tomb is engraved with the inscription 'Tomb of Wang Sanshan's concubine Zheng Lichun' vaguely recognizable. Zheng Lichun is su san's original name. On the back of the stele, Liu Rui wrote a poem in white lime water: "Red face is thin, and the green tomb is dusk." The broken pillar is lying obliquely, and the remnants of the monument have been dusted. Now the tomb of Wang Sanshan is still intact, and the tomb of Su San no longer exists. ”

　Since Su San confessed that she was a compatriot of Wang Sanshan when she was tortured after being imprisoned, it probably would not be false. The history of a pair of lovers' thorough love makes people think that although Wang Sanshan behaved debauchedly when he was a teenager, after forming a deep relationship with Su San, he did not care about Su San's lowly status, and was willing to take risks to rehabilitate Zhaoxue for her, married and treated each other with true feelings, and his character is also commendable. With Feng Menglong's novels and "Yutang Spring" and other dramas singing Su San passed down, Shangqiu's romance and loyalty to love have become a good story.