HAN Dong-mei, MA Liang, ZHANG Min (Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province, 155600)
Bovis is a zoonotic fungal skin infection characterized by dermatitis and baldness on the skin, horn, and coat of the cattle, forming distinctly defined round, unplaced, or ringworm spots. Cattle have varying degrees of itching, and if they are raising cattle for a herd, the disease is significantly contagious, and weak cattle even die of exhaustion in winter.
1 Pathogen
The pathogen of this disease is mainly Trichophyllum verrucosa, followed by Trichophyllus and Equine, which are present in and around the invaded epidermis and around the hair roots. Pathogenic bacteria can produce highly resistant spores. The occurrence of the disease is mostly due to the excessive feeding density of the barn and insufficient light, resulting in dirty, dark and damp air in the barn, which induces the occurrence of the disease. In addition, a single feed, especially a lack of vitamins, resulting in malnutrition in livestock, coupled with trauma and contact with diseased cattle, can induce the disease.
2 Popular characteristics
Usually in winter cattle are susceptible to this disease. Calves or bred cattle are more susceptible than adult cattle, and calves are endemic every year in pastures where the disease has occurred, and adult cattle can also be severely infected. Healthy cattle are mainly infected through direct contact with sick cattle, but also indirectly through stables, utensils, especially neck scabs, neckbands, pitchers and feeding troughs. Cattle with chronic diseases are not robust and malnourished, and the spread or development of ringworm is more pronounced than in cattle with acute diseases compared with other cattle in the same herd. The recovered skin is not resistant to infection.
3 Main symptoms
The incubation period of the disease is 2 to 4 weeks. Adult cattle occur most often around the head, neck or anus, and occasionally on the chest, buttocks and breasts. Calves are most susceptible to areas around the mouth, eyes, ears, neck, and trunk, but lesions can occur throughout the body. Initially, it is only a nodule the size of a grain of rice to a bean, and the dermis of the lesion is hyperemic, edematous, and local inflammation, and forms a pimple, small blister, or pustules, with a large amount of dander or scab, and hair loss. Gradually developing into a ring around it, becoming a bald round spot with obvious uplift, shaped like an ancient coin, and the ringworm is covered with grayish white or grayish yellow scales, which are unkempt and gradually expand, directly reaching 72 to 75 mm. If not treated in time, the lesions can spread to all parts of the body, and the cows are itchy and restless, and gradually lose weight. The course of the disease is longer, and a few may last for more than 1 year.
4 Diagnosis
Ringworm is diagnosed by having a clearly defined round or unshaven bald spot covering scales or scabs bulging, depending on the skin of the bull's head and neck.
laboratory diagnosis. At the junction of diseased and healthy skin, a little hair root or scrape a little scale, soak in 20% potassium hydroxide solution, heat slightly for 3 to 5 minutes, take a little disease material with a capillary straw, place 1 drop on the glass slide, add 1 drop of distilled water, add a coverslip under high magnification, and you can find neatly arranged streptomyces spores around the hair roots.
5 Prevention
To strengthen the management of healthy cattle, it is necessary to maintain the barn environment, utensils and cattle health. Feeding advocates the current advanced and popular full mixed diet feeding technology to ensure that the feed eaten by dairy cows or beef cattle is full and balanced. If the conditions are not available, attention should be paid to the supplementation of trace elements and vitamins. In addition, cattle in the early stage of the disease should be detected and isolated in time and treated as soon as possible. The surrounding environment and utensils polluted by sick cattle must be strictly disinfected. Disinfect with 5% cleoline, 3% formalin, 2% sodium hydroxide solution heated at 60 °C, or spray disinfection with 5% to 10% bleach powder solution, and formaldehyde can also be used for fumigation. It should be noted that since the disease can be transmitted to people, workers who come into contact with sick cattle should wear rubber gloves and pay attention to their own protection.
6 Treatment
For better treatment results, the infectious scab cortex should be scraped or brushed off before medication. In local treatment, the lesion is first cut off, the scab is soaked with warm water, and then the scab is washed with warm soapy water, and antifungal drugs are applied every day, and 10% salicylate ethanol solution, 5% to 10% copper sulfate or 10% iodine wine are applied once every 1 to 2 days, and can also be applied with pine distillate until healed. 20% aqueous solution of cuprosulfa sulfate is applied to the affected area, and after 1 to 2 days and nights of application of neutral ointment, it can be quickly cured.
Apply an appropriate amount of boiling soybean oil to the affected area with forceps and cotton balls, and rub it once a day, generally 2 to 3 times to heal. Turpentine 250 ml, vegetable oil 250 ml, piperone 20 ~ 30 mg, well mixed as a liniment, heated at more than 50 ° C, applied once a day. 50% cod liver oil decanter or 5% clotrimazole ointment, once a day. 2% to 5% sulfur lime, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite coated or sprayed for 1 week.
Chinese herbal prescription, with croton 24 grams, cantharid 9 grams, sulfur 12 grams, red alum 0.3 grams, lupus 15 grams, soybean oil 600 ~ 800 grams, the croton, spotted scorpion, red alum, lupus venom crushed, add soybean oil boiled for 30 minutes, cold to 60 ° C add sulfur, with a brush dipped in the liquid medicine to apply to the affected area, until healed.
Systemic treatment. If the scope of infection is too large, systemic therapy should be carried out, using 150 ml of 20% potassium iodide solution, injected intravenously every 450 kg of body weight, and repeated once in 3 to 4 days. It can also be used with griseofulvin 6.0 to 7.5 mg/kg body weight, orally for more than 7 days, until the obvious effect appears. For severe cases, both internal and external treatment. First wash with warm soapy water, then rub the ash yellow mold poison ointment, and then fill with gray flavonin tablets, 0.5 g / head per day, continuous use for 7 days, after 10 days the sick cattle can be basically recovered.