In China, the Spring Festival is also a traditional festival for the people of various ethnic minorities. In accordance with their own customs, the people of all ethnic groups hold various celebrations, which have their own strong national unique style.
The Dulong Clan
It is generally held in the late December of the lunar calendar every year, and the specific date is determined by each family's own fortune, and the length of the festival depends on the amount of food prepared. Since the Dulong people have no writing, in the past, when inviting guests to celebrate the New Year's Festival, they had to use carved wood or knotted rope as an "invitation card". After a family decides which day to celebrate, calculates that there are still a few days before the festival, if the day is recorded by carving wood, it is carved on a special wooden board with several grids, each grid represents a day, and then cut into two halves, half of which is kept by itself, and half is given to the guests. In the future, the two sides will cut off one block every other day, and when the last square is cut, they will know that the next day will be a festival. If you use a knot rope to remember the day, how many days are still away from the festival, tie as many knots as you want, and then send the knot to the relatives and friends you want to invite, keep one for yourself, untie a knot every day, and when you untie the last "knot", you will know that it is the New Year. (Moon Silver feels that it is very interesting to celebrate the festival like this)
Zhuang
In the New Year, the Zhuang people call it "more prosperous and old", generally from the 30th day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month of the following year, for half a month, it is the most solemn festival among the traditional festivals of the Zhuang people. Everyone who works outside the home must go home before thirty. Chinese New Year's Eve night, a fire will be lit on the fire pit of the family, and it will not be extinguished all night, called the "welcome fire", and in the early morning of the first morning of the New Year, we will grab new water, pick up the souls of six animals, pick up rats, and sacrifice ancestors. Zongzi is an indispensable food for the Zhuang People's Spring Festival, but it is not eaten on the thirtieth night. Zhuang rice dumplings are more expensive food, the large one and two pounds weigh, the small ones have two or three two. In addition, there is also a kind of "Fengmo", which means extra-large rice dumplings, weighing up to one or twenty pounds. The flavor of zongzi is a must. On the first and second day of the first lunar month, there are guests who want to eat rice dumplings. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing, playing tops, dancing, and ball racing will be held.
Buyi
Before the Chinese New Year's Eve, the Buyi prepare festive foods such as rice dumplings and rice wine, and the whole family stays up all night at the pond Chinese New Year's Eve night. After dawn, the girls scrambled to fetch water. Whoever picks up the first load of water first is the most industrious and happiest girl. (Yueyin thinks this method and tradition are really good!) )
tibetan
According to Tibetan scholars, in ancient times, Tibet was not the turn of winter and spring, but the summer New Year, "wheat ripe as the first year", "under the snowy mountains, the wheat is yellow, happy New Year." "Now, in the middle reaches of the Brahmaputra, there is a tradition of celebrating the "Wangguo" festival before the autumn harvest. The Tibetan calendar is now similar to the Han chinese calendar. Tibetan calendar years usually come within a few days after the Han Chinese New Year. The day before the Chinese New Year's Eve, when the sun was about to set, every household poured dirty water and dirt to the west, and let those dirty things be removed with the sun setting, in order to show that the old and the new were welcome, hoping that the people would prosper and all things would grow. Chinese New Year's Eve on this day, a grand and grand "god jumping meeting" will be held. Dressed in gorgeous costumes and strangely shaped masks, people sang and danced wildly with the accompaniment of conch, drums, sirens and other instruments to show that the old and the new were welcomed, and the evil spirits were cast away. Chinese New Year's Eve night, the favorite foods of Tibetans are oil cakes, milk cakes, blood sausages, and hand-grabbed meat. On the morning of the first day of the Chinese New Year, women first go to the river or the well to carry the "auspicious water", symbolizing the auspiciousness of the whole family, health and longevity.
Mongolian
Mongolians have always advocated white, so they call the first month of the lunar calendar "White Moon" and the New Year Festival "White Festival". In Mongolian it is called "Chagansala". Mongolians also take the first day of the first lunar month as the "Spring Festival", and the Spring Festival is divided into "sending the old" and "welcoming the new". Sending the old is the 23rd day of the Waxing Moon to clean and clean the house, and start the "sacrifice fire" in the evening. The Mongols believed that "fire" represented the succession and prosperity of a family.
Dong
During the Spring Festival of the Dong people, a kind of mass activity of "fighting the Year of Dong" (also known as the Lusheng Society) prevails. This kind of activity is similar to the "group worship" of the Han people, except that the Dong people worship each other in song and dance. When a huge "tuanbai" procession arrives at a village with songs and dances, the women of the village line up and ask various questions in the form of singing, and the people in the queue also have to answer with songs. Dong folk song "Ye Tang".
Tujia
The Tujia family celebrates the Spring Festival by dancing a "hand-waving dance". In the past, when dancing hand-waving dances, it was necessary to hang three cages of tents in the "swinging hand hall", in which pig heads, pork, incense candles, and wild boar heads, hooves, etc. were hung, and then an old toastman wearing a red legal robe and wearing a legal crown held a magic instrument, with a swing and shouting, men, women, and children participated, and after worshipping the gods, they danced. Now in addition to the hand-waving dance, the Tujia family also plays with dragon lanterns, lions, plays drama and martial arts.
manchu
The Manchus are divided into eight banners such as "red, yellow, blue, and white". During the Spring Festival, red flag people put red flags on the door, yellow flag people put yellow flags on the doors, blue flag people put blue flags on the doors, and white flag people put white flags on the doors. These flags are beautifully patterned and brightly colored, symbolizing the auspicious beginning of the year. Each family will prepare a sumptuous meal to celebrate the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year's Eve the whole family to make dumplings, dumplings pay attention to pleats, can not pinch the light edge of the "monk's head" dumplings, afraid of life "bald" life. Dumplings should be stacked horizontally and vertically, symbolizing that the new year's financial road is in all directions, dumplings can not be arranged in a circle, afraid that there is no way to live in the day.
Jingpo people
The Jingpo people like to hold target shooting activities before the Spring Festival, and the girls are the organizers and referees of this activity. They hung their embroidered purses on bamboo poles with thread, swayed left and right in the tips of the trees, and asked the boys to shoot. Whoever shoots the purse first, the girls give the wine as a prize. The purse usually contains a coin, a few grains of millet and a few decorative beads as a symbol of happiness.
Alpine tribes
During the Spring Festival, people of the Alpine tribe dress up in gorgeous national costumes, gather in groups at the edge of the village to drink fine wine, and sing and dance with the accompaniment of musical instruments. Some villages also hold fork fish competitions and carry out sports activities such as basket balls and rod balls. Chinese New Year's Eve night, a family of young and old sat around a round table with a hot pot for a meal, called the "irori oven". Women who do not usually drink alcohol should also symbolically drink a sip of wine to show auspiciousness. The vegetables eaten in the "irori" do not need to be cut with knives, washed and cooked with roots, expressing the wish for long life for parents. If someone in the family goes out, also make a seat vacated, and put the person's clothes on the empty seat to show that the whole family misses him.
Bai
The Bai people began to worship each other and give gifts from Chinese New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women scramble to fetch water as a sign of hard work. In the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked in rice flowers and wishes that the days are sweeter than honey. When bai compatriots celebrate the New Year, there is a celebration called "ascension". The so-called "high ascension" is to use the whole large bamboo, load the bamboo knot with gunpowder, and after igniting, the entire large bamboo can collapse into the sky and become a veritable "high ascension". Bai compatriots in some areas, like the Miao and Zhuang ethnic groups, are carrying out "throwing hydrangea balls" activities from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. Those who can't catch the hydrangea ball, want to give each other souvenirs, and those who have lost the ball many times and can't redeem the souvenirs are willing to allow love.
Korean
Every household pastes the Spring Festival, cooks all kinds of hearty meals, eats "Eight Treasure Rice", Chinese New Year's Eve the whole family to stay up all night, play the gaga piano, and blow the hole flute. At dawn, people wear festive costumes to pay homage to the elders. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, pressing springboards and tug-of-war. On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month, a traditional celebration rally is held, and several elderly people who have been elected board the "moon frame" to see the bright moon first, which means that their children and grandchildren are healthy, progressive, and all the best. Subsequently, everyone danced around the lit "Moon Frame" with long drums, pipes, and music.
Uyghurs
Uyghur - New Year family feast food includes: "Puluo" made of rice, mutton, raisins, etc., "Pitil manda" (buns) made of flour, mutton, onions, etc., "Geshe" (hand-grabbed lamb) cooked with boneless lamb, "Lanman" (noodles) made of dough, and "Ququer" similar to Han wontons. In addition, there are a variety of ethnic traditional pastries and snacks, such as "Isim Sangza" (disc steamed buns), "Yaimaza" (lace steamed buns), "Bohusak" (fried Jipi), "Shamu Posa" (fried hezi), "Kayikka" (colorful fried food), etc.
Yi
The Yi call the New Year "Kushi". "Library" means year or year. "History" means "new". "Kushi" is to celebrate the New Year. Whenever the snow begins in the deep mountains, the autumn leaves are autumn, and the sun returns, the grain is yellow and the rice is ripe, and the crops are harvested into the granary, and it is the time of the Yi New Year. The annual festival of the Yi people is at the end of october in the lunar calendar, and in some places, the New Year's day is fixed on the 30th day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar as the Chinese New Year's Eve day, and the first day of the first month of winter is the beginning of the new year.
The Yi New Year floor should be paved with a layer of grass. Choose the grass on the rock, where the grass is pure grass, clean grass, grass that has not been touched by the mouth of the sheep; grass that the hooves of the beast have not stepped on; grass that is rich and lush. The grass is thriving, paved with green and green, and the green grass is like green felt, symbolizing the glory and wealth of future generations. The "kushi" of the Yi people has a long history, according to the Records of the Yi Folk Literature: "The New Year of the Yi people is the head of a person named Obukosa. "Due to the lengthy history, a whole set of customs and habits has been formed, such as ancestor worship, firewood stacking, keeping the year, dusting, stringing wine, worshiping the New Year and many other rich contents.
Dai
Songkran is a New Year's festival of the Dai people and is the grandest traditional program of the year for the Dai people. During the three- or four-day festival, people pour water on each other, indicating that their blessings to you should be that the Dai people believe that the water in the small town of Buddhism is the purest, and wish the new year happiness and peace.
Yao
During the festival, people gather to watch the funny and chic "farming play". One person dressed as a cow, one as a plough farmer, one person as a farmer with a hoe, and three people danced and sang while celebrating the agricultural harvest; young men and women gathered on the lawn around the village, playing reeds, playing the moon harp, singing mountain songs, and looking for the right person. Every year, the half-moon festival of the seventh month of the lunar calendar is the most solemn festival of the Yao people - the Spring Festival, on the eve of the half-festival, every household is busy, and the village and the outside are full of cow horns and laughter.
The Hezhe people
The Spring Festival of the Hezhe people is the happiest program of the year. Chinese New Year's Eve the night family to cook New Year's dinner, cut window flowers, paste lanterns. On the first day of the Chinese New Year, girls, women and children all put on new clothes embroidered with clouds and went to the homes of relatives and friends to pay respects to the New Year. The fish feast is a delicacy for the Hezhe people to entertain guests, including the sour and spicy flavor of "ta long" (raw fish), the crispy "fried fish feathers" and the transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting grass targets, fork grass balls are the entertainment activities that hezhe teenagers are obsessed with.
Li
During the Spring Festival, families slaughter pigs and chickens, prepare good food and wine, and the whole family sits around to eat "New Year meals" and sing "New Year songs" during the banquet. On the first or second day of the Chinese New Year, people hunt collectively, and the prey is distributed to the first shooter to hit the prey, and the remaining half is divided equally, and pregnant women can get two copies of the prey.
The Mulams
From the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the villages and villages of the Mulam people, men, women and children are dressed in festive costumes, and dozens, hundreds, and even thousands of people gather on the hillside or in the arena to sing mountain songs, singing labor, life and love.
Hmong
The Miao people call the Spring Festival the "Year of Hakka", where every household slaughters pigs and sheep, roasts wine and celebrates a bumper harvest in the hope that the coming year will be smooth and the grain will be abundant. It is also necessary to sing "Open Spring Song", and the lyrics are generally to the effect of Si Chun, Pan Chun, Xi Chun, Bang Chun and so on.
Hani
The Hani have two annual years. One is the October Festival, and the other is the June Festival. The Hani calendar begins with the month of October, the "Great Year". On New Year's Day, people visit relatives and friends and propose to get engaged. During the "June New Year Festival", animals are slaughtered to worship ancestors, and cultural and sports activities such as swinging, wrestling, and singing mountain songs are carried out. Chinese New Year's Eve women were busy making rice dumplings, and the young men went up the hill to cut bamboo and build swing racks. Regardless of men, women and children, they all like to swing during the Spring Festival.
China has a vast territory, many nationalities, and various ethnic groups are integrated and mixed. Each ethnic group has well preserved its own unique traditions, which reflect the unique temperament and national customs of each ethnic group. From the New Year traditions of various nationalities, we can feel the love of people of all ethnic groups for life and the infinite yearning for a better life.
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