Celebrating the Spring Festival with the Han chinese on the first day of the first lunar month are Manchus, Mongolians, Koreans, Daurs, Evenks, Hui, Dongxiang, Zhuang, Hezhe, Bai, She, and other ethnic minorities.
1. Mongolians - Mongolians have always advocated white, so they call the first month of the lunar calendar "White Moon" and the New Year's Festival "White Festival". Preparations for the Mongolian New Year begin on the 23rd day of the lunar month. In addition to sweeping, bathing, and arranging yurts, people also wear new clothes, red ribbons and new saddles. Sacrifice whole cattle and sheep with Hada to your loved ones and friends. Chinese New Year's Eve night, they should eat "hand-held meat" to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day of the first month, first toast the elderly, and then toast to the peers, and relatives and friends exchanged Hada to congratulate the New Year. The first day of the first year to the elders must be in the morning.
2. Alpine people - Taiwan's alpine people have the custom of eating "long-term dishes". Perennial vegetables are also called "mustard greens", and eating this dish indicates a long lifespan.
During the Spring Festival, people of the Alpine tribe dress up in gorgeous national costumes, gather in groups at the edge of the village to drink fine wine, and sing and dance with the accompaniment of musical instruments. Some villages also hold fork fish competitions and carry out sports activities such as basket balls and rod balls.
3. Manchu - Manchus are divided into "red, yellow, blue, and white" four flag people. During the Spring Festival, red flag people put red flags on the door, yellow flag people put yellow flags on the doors, blue flag people put blue flags on the doors, and white flag people put white flags on the doors. These flags are beautifully patterned and brightly colored, symbolizing the auspicious beginning of the year.
During the Spring Festival, the Manchus should paste window flowers, couplets and the word "god". Chinese New Year's Eve the whole family to make dumplings, dumplings pay attention to pleats, can not pinch the light edge of the "monk's head" dumplings, afraid of life "bald" life. Dumplings should be stacked horizontally and vertically, symbolizing that the new year's financial road is in all directions, dumplings can not be arranged in a circle, afraid that there is no way to live in the day.
4. Zhuang - The Spring Festival of the Zhuang people is from Chinese New Year's Eve to the first and second days of the first lunar month, a total of three days. Chinese New Year's Eve cook the whole day of the first day in the evening to show that there will be a good harvest in the coming year. This kind of rice is called "rice dumplings", and some of them are more than a foot long and weigh five or six pounds.
Zongzi is an indispensable food for the Zhuang People's Spring Festival, but it is not eaten on the thirtieth night. Zhuang rice dumplings are more expensive foods, the large one or two years heavy, the small only two or three two. In addition, there is also a kind of "Fengmo", which means extra-large rice dumplings, weighing up to one or twenty pounds. The flavor of zongzi is a must. On the first and second day of the first lunar month, there are guests who want to eat rice dumplings. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing, playing tops, dancing, and ball racing will be held.
Early in the morning of the New Year's Day, before dawn, people get up, put on new clothes, set off firecrackers to welcome the new year, and women rush to the river or well to "fetch new water" and start the new year's boiling life.
5. Lahu - The Lahu people celebrate the first to fourth day of the first lunar month, and the small year from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first lunar month. On the night of the 30th day of the waxing moon, pigs are slaughtered and glutinous rice dumplings are slaughtered, and each family should make a pair of large rice dumplings, symbolizing the sun and the moon, indicating that in the new year, the wind and rain are smooth, and the grain is abundant. The Lahu also have the custom of gathering together to observe the New Year.
6. Dong - During the Spring Festival, the Dong people prevail in a kind of mass activity of "fighting the Dong Year" (also known as the Lusheng Society), similar to the "tuan worship" of the Han people, but more joyful and warm than the "tuan worship".
Such events are generally organized by mutual agreement between the two villages. The two teams officially held a lusheng song and dance competition in the square. At this time, the audience of both villages will dance with the music and enjoy it!
7. Li people - during the Spring Festival, families slaughter pigs and chickens, prepare delicacies and wine, and the whole family sits around to eat "New Year meals" and sing "New Year songs" during the banquet. On the first or second day of the Chinese New Year, people hunt collectively, and the prey is distributed to the first shooter to hit the prey, and the remaining half is divided equally, and pregnant women can get two copies of the prey.
8. Daur people - live on both sides of the Heilongjiang and Nen rivers. Chinese New Year's Eve New Year's Meal is a steamed yellow rice cake, and in the early morning of the first month, people who worship each other grab rice cakes as soon as they enter the door to pray for the improvement of life every year.
9. Wa – The Wa celebrate each other on the first day of the Chinese New Year, especially to the elders in the village. During the New Year's celebration, the two sides exchanged plantains, glutinous rice and sugar cane, symbolizing unity and harmony. Wa men and women from Cangyuan and other places gather in the square to dance a circle dance on the night of the festival, while elderly women wear long skirts, dozens of people in a team, hands on the shoulders of the predecessors, singing ancient songs while nudging the dance steps.
10. Tujia Family - During the Spring Festival, the Tujia people will hold a grand hand-waving dance.
The hand-waving dance is an ancient dance popular in the Tujia family, including more than 70 dance movements such as hunting, military, agricultural affairs and banquets, with distinct rhythms, beautiful movements, simple dance postures, distinct national characteristics and strong atmosphere of life.
11. Uyghur - New Year's Festival family banquet food includes: "Puluo" made of rice, mutton, raisins, etc., "Pitil manda" (buns) made of flour, mutton, onions, etc., "Geshe" (hand-grabbed lamb) cooked with boneless lamb, "Lanman" (noodles) made of dough, and "Ququer" similar to Han wontons. In addition, there are a variety of ethnic traditional pastries and snacks, such as "Isim Sangza" (disc steamed buns), "Yaimaza" (lace steamed buns), "Bohusak" (fried Jipi), "Shamu Posa" (fried hezi), "Kayikka" (colorful fried food), etc.
12. Korean Ethnicity - Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province is the main concentration area of Korean ethnic group in China, and the Spring Festival is also a traditional and important festival of Korean ethnicity.
On Chinese New Year's Eve day, Korean women wear beautiful ethnic costumes. Most families start making cakes early in the morning.
Chinese New Year's Eve night, the family gathered around a dozen people to eat Chinese New Year's Eve meal, which was a very happy moment. The whole family stays up all night. Unlike the Han Chinese, the Korean Chinese New Year's Eve this meal will be sung and danced, accompanied by the ancient Korean Gaya and drum music to welcome the arrival of the New Year.
13. Tibetans - On the third day of the first lunar month, Lhasa people walked out of the noisy and lively street market in droves to the Aquarius Mountain in the eastern suburbs and the Yaowang Mountain in the western suburbs, planting prayer flags, hanging colorful flags, and worshipping mountain gods and water gods.
On the fifth day of the first lunar month in the Tibetan calendar, farmers on the outskirts of Lhasa hold a grand ploughing ceremony. The peasants dressed up in festive costumes, the strong calves dressed more beautifully, the forehead was pasted with a ghee pattern, the horns were covered with red flags and colorful feathers, the shoulders were draped with colored satin, the satin was decorated with shells and turquoise, and the tail was tied with colorful silk ribbons, which was described as "flowers and branches".
14. She--She's people should celebrate the Spring Festival to scoop the rice dumplings, take their harmonic sounds, and wish that in the new year there will be good fin (time) luck, sticky (yearly) sweet every day. On the first day of the Chinese New Year, the whole family prostrates to the "Pangu Zutu" (a portrait painted according to the legend of Pangu) to tell the hardships of the ancestors' entrepreneurship.
15. Hezhe people - The Spring Festival of the Hezhe people is the happiest program of the year. Chinese New Year's Eve the night family to cook New Year's dinner, cut window flowers, paste lanterns. On the first day of the Chinese New Year, girls, women and children all put on new clothes embroidered with clouds and went to the homes of relatives and friends to pay respects to the New Year. The fish feast is a delicacy for the Hezhe people to entertain guests, including the sour and spicy flavor of "ta long" (raw fish), the crispy "fried fish feathers" and the transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting grass targets, fork grass balls are the entertainment activities that hezhe teenagers are obsessed with.
16. Yi - The Yi people select the annual festival according to the Yi calendar. Some spend the Spring Festival with the local Han Chinese. In some areas, Yi compatriots erected green pines in front of their doors and paved the ground with pine needles, indicating that disasters were avoided and disasters were eliminated. In other areas, pigs and sheep are slaughtered and eaten at festivals, and people visit each other and give each other meat and steamed buns.
On the morning of the first day of the Chinese New Year, the first thing to do when I wake up is to carry water home. They compare a bowl of water to yesterday's water, and if the water of the New Year is heavier, it means that there will be enough rain in the year to come.
Brush question consolidation
01 Which ethnic minority below does not spend the Spring Festival with the Han nationality ( )
a． manchu
b． Dai
c． Mongolian
d． She
Answer: b
【Analysis】April 13 to 16 every year is the most grand traditional festival of the Dai and Deang ethnic groups - Songkran Festival. As the New Year of the Dai people, Songkran Festival, also known as songgan festival, has a history of 700 years and is the most grand and grand festival of the Dai people.
02The following options are correct ( )
a. Li compatriots say: "We hold a grand jockey club every year"
b. Korean compatriots said: "The lotus mist we planted has been harvested again"
c. Dai compatriots say: "Songkran is our traditional grand festival"
d. The compatriots of the Mountain Tribe said: "We entertain visitors from afar with barley wine"
Answer: c
【Analysis】Songkran festival is a traditional festival of the Dai people. So, select the c option.
Extension a: The jockey club is a traditional Tibetan custom not a Li ethnic group, and is held every year in June of the Tibetan calendar for a period of 5-15 days. Item b: Lotus mist is a fruit that grows mainly in the tropics. It is cultivated in Guangdong, Taiwan and Guangxi, China. The Koreans are mainly distributed in the three provinces of Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang in northeast China, which belong to the temperate monsoon climate, so the lotus mist cannot be a fruit abundant in the Koreans. Item d: Drinking barley wine is a traditional Custom of the Tibetan people not the Alpine people, and is made of Barley, a major grain produced on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.