Qinqi calligraphy and painting, known as the four arts of the composition room in ancient times, is a well-praised entertainment activity of the literati and inkers, the ancients believed that playing the piano, playing chess, writing, painting, or just listening to the piano, watching chess, appreciating words, reading paintings, understanding poetry and painting, can appreciate the eyes, cultivate sentiments, and benefit health and longevity. The daily necessities, mountains and rivers that appear in the paintings of the Tang Dynasty truly reflect the way of life and scientific and technological level of the people at that time, combined with the records of the background of the ancient paintings, it is even more interesting to appreciate the paintings.
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Datang was in the heyday of feudal society, the country was unified, the society was relatively stable, the economic prosperity and the frequent and active place of foreign economic and cultural exchanges, all of which brought new opportunities to the development of culture and art, so that the art of painting formed a brilliant situation, and a number of famous painters with great influence in history emerged.
The painting genre of the Tang Dynasty is still dominated by figure painting, the court office and temple murals account for a considerable proportion, the portraits of meritorious heroes continue to be praised, and the grottoes and temple murals have a greater development than the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and their scale and skill are unprecedented in history. Buddhist temple murals are popular in large-scale sutra themes, such as "Western Pure Land Disguise", which shows the beautiful picture of the Western paradise world, which is interspersed with a large number of life scenes, the humanized component of the Buddhist image created is significantly enhanced, and even the phenomenon of using gongwa as a model to shape the image of the bodhisattva appears, and the devotees attached to the Buddhist temple murals occupy a larger wall, all of which shows the tendency of Buddhist painting to adapt to the social good and tend to secularize.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, when society had just begun to stabilize, it had not yet entered a period of rapid development. At that time, the painting mainly retained the remnants of the previous dynasty. At that time, landscape painting mainly focused on the use of pens, which were very meticulous and did not have any special charm.
However, with the continuous progress of social economy and the increasing frequency of exchanges with other countries, the style of painting has gradually increased. With the continuous progress of culture, Buddhism also became popular. With the rise of Buddhism, temples and other buildings began to become popular, so murals became popular at that time.
At that time, the most famous figure was the Yan clan, and the clan members were all famous for their paintings. The most famous is Yan Liben, whose representative works include "Portraits of Emperors of Past Dynasties" and "Step Map". Then there is Wu Daozi, who is very good at flowers and birds, portraits, plants and trees, and the best is the creation of murals. The clothes of the characters he depicted were as real as if they were blown up by the wind, and they were called "Wu Belt Dangfeng".
The paintings of that time, the most famous are the murals in the 220 caves of Dunhuang, which reflect the highest achievements in painting at that time.
Here is an introduction to the paintings of Yan Liben, a representative figure of Tang Dynasty painting.
Appreciation of Yan Liben's paintings during the Tang Dynasty
Yan Liben (601–673), a native of Wannian, Yongzhou (present-day Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi). During the Tang Dynasty, he was the prime minister and painter, and the son of Yan Bi, a minor supervisor in the Sui Dynasty. Born into an aristocratic family, the family was extremely prominent, the grandson of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou Yuwen Yong, his father Yan Bi was a Northern Zhou horse, and his mother was Princess Qingdu, the daughter of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou.
Yan Liben is good at craftsmanship, full of ingenuity, gong seal lishu, good at painting and architecture. His elder brother Yan Lide was good at calligraphy and painting, craftsmanship and architectural engineering. Yan Bi, Yan Lide, Yan Liben father and son are famous for their craftsmanship and painting. Representative works "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu", "Bu Ren Tu", "Portrait of Emperors of Past Dynasties", "Job Offering Map", "Lock Zhi Tu", "Eighteen Bachelors Diagram", "Northern Qi School Book Map", "Painting Confucius Disciple Portrait Volume", "Bamboo Forest Five Juntu", "Ling Yan Pavilion Twenty-four Meritorious Heroes", "Filial Piety Picture Scroll", "Taibai DrunkenNess Map", "Landscape Painting", "Dragon Boat Diagram", "Fine Character Diagram", "Travel Map", "Buddha Diagram", "Guanyin Master Statue" and so on.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" was analyzed
The "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" was originally lost, but the original origin is recorded in He Yanzhi's "Lan Ting Record" of the Tang Dynasty: Tang Taizong Li Shimin was obsessed with Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and three times asked the debater for the "Orchid Pavilion Preface", all of which he repeatedly denied. Tang Taizong had no choice but to follow the plan of the chancellor Fang Xuanling to send the inspector Yushi Xiaoyi to disguise himself as a scribbled scholar, form a friendship with the debater, gain his trust, and then take advantage of the fact that the debate was not prepared, steal the "Orchid Pavilion Order", and return to Chang'an to resume his life. According to legend, the Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben drew the "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Diagram" based on this story. The three surviving Song Dynasty facsimiles are based on the "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" that has been written.
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" Liaoning Collection Appreciation
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" is 158 cm wide and 28 cm high (Liaoning Tibetan Book) The figure is centered on the debater monk and Xiao Yi, and the old man and the young man on the left are boiling tea. A child servant came out from the right with the Lan Ting Ji in his hand.
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting" paints Sencha scenes, and the pen is subtle and rare, especially in the portrayal of details. As the painting of Liaobo is hidden, the picture depicts a "ku lie", a rectangular four-legged low bed, a round vessel on the top, a tea cup with a tray, and the traces of the bamboo weaving in the column are visible.
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" Taipei Collection Appreciation
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting" is 65 cm wide and 28 cm high (Taipei Collection) This picture has no print. Behind the painting are the Song Dynasty Shaoxing Jinshi Shen Yan, the Qing Dynasty Jinnong Guan, and the Ming Dynasty Chenghua Jinshi Shen Han's Baowen. The old monk was about eighty years old, with a beautiful face and a duster in his hand. Leaning forward, sit on a zen bed. The position of the debater monk is directly in front of the picture, and Xiao Yi is talking with Xiao Yi on the other side. Xiao Yi respectfully sat on a rectangular wooden bench with his arm in his hands, as if he were listening intently to the words of the debater monk. A monk stands between the two. In the lower left corner of the picture are the old man and the waiter who cook tea, and the image is significantly smaller than the other three. In the lower right corner there is a square tea table with tea mills, tea pots and other utensils.
There are five people in the Taipei collection, two masters and three subordinates. On the left side of the picture, the person who sits on the zen bed is the monk's debater, the person who wears the head of the head and the debater is Xiao Yi, the monk sits on the side, and the two deacons cook wine in the furnace.
In the picture, Xiao Yi has a beautiful face, thick eyebrows and beautiful beard, wearing a wide robe, is talking, making private visits for micro-services, the other party's defense is long eyebrows drooping, listening to the side, and treating Yan. The monk sat between the two lords, listening to the narration on the one hand and obeying on the other. The two masters and one servant form a triangular composition, and the expressions of the three people in the painting are portrayed vividly, with sound and color, and the spirit is played. There is no set in the picture, only from the sitting posture of the debater, holding the dust, according to the Zen bed and a long bamboo, I know that it is in the deep temple, sitting on the bomb bed of the debater is already old and weak, when he heard that Emperor Taizong wanted to roll, he agreed with his mouth and frequently nodded. The author uses thin lines to shape the character image, with the characteristics of portrait painting, his picture lines are fluent and expressive, the brush ink technique is high, the use of color and order is calm.
The Taipei Collection depicts the scene of tea being entertained in the Buddhist Gate, reproducing some of the details of cooking and drinking tea more than a thousand years ago. The image is vivid and funny. In the lower left of the painting, there is a bearded elder crouching in front of the wind stove, placing a pot on the stove, the water in the pot seems to have boiled, just put down the tea powder, the elder holds the handle of the pot in his left hand, and the tea clip in his right hand stirs the tea soup. At the side, a boy bent over and held the tea saucer and the tea bowl in both hands to prepare the tea to serve tea to the guests and hosts. The elderly prepare tea intently, and the boy waits carefully, and his expression is expressive and depicted in detail. In addition, on the tea table by the fire, there are tea tray tea bowls, a milling of tea leaves, and a tea pot for tea powder.
"Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" Beijing Collection Appreciation
The picture depicts four people, on the left, a monk sitting upright on a chair with a bamboo cushion and a backrest, a smile on his face, a rolled up sleeve, and the movement of his right hand reaching forward, indicating that he is talking about something with great interest and has a more upright posture. The picture on the right shows a middle-aged scholar and a monk sitting opposite a drum-shaped stool, with a thin face, a focused expression and a forward-leaning body, indicating his strong desire to cater to the monk's conversation. The middle-aged monk and the scholar each have a boy behind them.
Before and after the old silk water across the water "Southern Division Of China India", "Bo Qian Jingjian", "Dragon Appreciation" and other collections of printing five squares, the tail paper is attached to the old Tuotuo "Orchid Pavilion Preface" post, after the post there are Southern Song Dynasty Wang Houzhi, Yuan Wang Meng, Zhang Yi inscription, the three people inscriptions do not talk about the picture, the post has a collection of seals twenty-nine parties.
The Beijing Tibetan Book is relatively close to the Liao Bo Ben in terms of character dynamics and artistic style, but omits the situation of the servants cooking tea behind the monks, and also differs from the Liao Bo Ben in terms of the monk's sitting posture, servants and utensils.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Step Map Scroll" was appreciated
Yan Liben's "Step Scroll"
"Step Map", colored on silk, 38.5 cm in length and 139 cm in width, is collected in the Palace Museum. It depicts the scene of Tang Zhenguan's fifteenth year (641) when Emperor Taizong of Tang received Lu Dongzan, a Tubo emissary who had come to marry Princess Wencheng. In the picture, Li Shimin is majestic and peaceful, sitting on the steps carried by the palace maid, and several other palace women hold umbrellas and fans for Emperor Taizong. On the left side of the picture stands three people: the red-robed bearded person is the courtesy official in the palace, the person wearing Tibetan clothes is Lu Dongzan, the Tibetan emissary, and finally the white-robed person is the internal official. The author not only reproduces this event of great historical significance, but also vividly portrays the different identities, temperaments, manners and interrelationships of the characters, and has the characteristics of portraiture.
The volume of "Step Map" is a rare Song facsimile that reflects the level of Yan Liben's painting. After this scroll, there is an inscription on the seal book of Song Zhangyouzhi (Boyi), and there are also views such as Mi Fu. On the canvas are seals collected by Jin Zhangzong Yan Jing, Ming Guo Qujie, Wu Xinyu, Qingliang Qingbiao, Nalan Chengde, Qingrenzong Yan and others. It has been written in books such as "Xuanhe Painting Notation", "Qinghe Calligraphy and Painting Fang", "Coral Net", "Shigutang Calligraphy and Painting Hui kao", "Peiwenqi Calligraphy and Painting Notation" and so on.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties" was analyzed
"The Emperors of the Past", colored on silk, 51.3 cm in length and 531 cm in width, is in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA.
Thirteen emperors are depicted in total, each with a list next to him, some of which also describe his reign and his attitude towards Buddhism. The painter not only paid attention to portraying the common characteristics and temperament of the feudal rulers, but also successfully created the image of a typical historical figure with outstanding personality according to the political behavior of each emperor and different environmental destinies, reflecting the author's evaluation of these emperors. The whole volume is drawn with iron wire, the clothing pattern, beard, etc. are evenly thin and straight, the color is thick, the blending is remarkable, and it is a superior work of ancient painting achievements, which can be used as a sample of the painting of the early Tang Dynasty.
One of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", liu fuling, the former Han Zhaowen Emperor Liu Fuling, the Han Zhao Emperor Liu Fu (94 BC - 74 BC), the youngest son of Emperor Wu of Han, succeeded to the throne after Emperor Wu collapsed. Liu Fuling was only eight years old when he succeeded to the throne, and in accordance with Emperor Wu's will, huo Guang assisted him, reigned for 13 years, and died of illness at the age of 21.
The second of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Liu Xiu, the Emperor of the Han Guangwu Emperor, the founding emperor of the Later Han Dynasty, the famous lord of Zhongxing in history, Wang Fuzhi said that he was "allowed to crown the hundred kings". In the last year of xinmang, the world was in chaos, and Liu Xiu, who was a cloth cloth but had the royal blood of the former dynasty, took advantage of the situation in his hometown to raise an army. In the first three years (25 years), Liu Xiu openly broke with the gengshi regime and ascended the throne in Hebei as emperor, with the state name "Han" and the historical title "Later Han" or "Eastern Han".
The third of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", The Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pizi, Zi Huan, a famous politician and literary figure during the Three Kingdoms period, the founding emperor of Cao Wei, reigned from 220 to 226 AD. A native of Pei (沛国谯, in modern Bozhou, Anhui), he was the eldest son of Emperor Cao Cao of Wei and Lady Bian. After his death, the temple name Gaozu (Zizhi Tongjian as the ancestor of the world), courtesy name Emperor Wen, was buried in the Shouyang Mausoleum. Because of his literary achievements, he was called "Three Caos" together with his father Cao Cao and his brother Cao Zhi.
The fourth of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Sun Quan, the lord of Wu, was born in Fuchun, Wu County (present-day Fuyang, Zhejiang), and was born in Xia Pi (northwest of present-day Suining, Jiangsu). The founding emperor of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, reigned from 229 to 252 AD. Sun Quan, a descendant of the Chinese martial artist Sun Wu, followed his elder brother Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong in his early years, Sun Ce died young, and Sun Quan succeeded him as the lord of Jiangdong. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Sun Quan and Liu Bei allied themselves, defeating Cao Cao at Chibi, and the situation of three divisions under the heavens was initially formed. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Sun Quan successfully attacked Liu Bei's Jingzhou, which greatly increased the territory of the State of Wu. In the second year of Zhang Wu (222), Sun Quan was proclaimed King of Wu, and in the seventh year of Jianxing (229), he was proclaimed emperor, formally establishing the state of Wu.
The fifth of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", The Shu Lord Liu Bei, zi Xuande, Han, Zhuo County Zhuo County (zhuo county, hebei) people, descendants of Liu Sheng, the king of Jing in Han Zhongshan, the founding emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. He was a humble, courteous corporal, generous to others, ambitious, knowledgeable and good at use, known for his benevolence, and was a famous politician during the Three Kingdoms period, reigning from 221 to 223 AD. Emperor Zhaolie, temple name Liezu.
The sixth of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of the Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Sima Yan, emperor of the Jin Dynasty, was a native of Wen County, Henan (present-day Wen County, Henan). The founding monarch of the Jin Dynasty, reigned from 265 to 290 AD. In 265, he succeeded his father Sima Zhao as King of Jin, and a few months later forced the Wei Emperor Cao Huan to cede the throne to himself, giving him the title of Great Jin and establishing the capital Luoyang.
Seven of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties", Emperor Chen Wenqing
Eight of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Emperor Xuan of Chen
Nine of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Emperor Bozong of Chen, the third emperor of the Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, the eldest son of Emperor Wen of Chen, the zi fengye, the small character medicine king, the wuxing great wall (now Changxing, Zhejiang). Emperor Wu yongding was made crown prince for three years. Emperor Wen died and ascended the throne, and at a young age, his uncle Chen Yan (顼顼) was deposed as the Prince of Linhai Commandery (林海郡王).
"Map of the Emperors of the Past Dynasties" The tenth of the thirteen emperors, The Master Uncle of Chen Hou, the character Xiu, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasty Chen Guo in the Southern and Northern Dynasties era. During his reign from 582 to 589 AD, he built a large palace during his reign, lived in luxury, ignored the government, and feasted with concubines and courtiers day and night, and produced beautiful words. When the Sui army went south, it was proud of the natural dangers of the Yangtze River and did not think so. In the third year of Zhenming (589), the Sui army entered Jiankang, and Chen Shubao was captured. Later, he died of illness in Luoyang City at the age of 52, and was posthumously awarded the title of Grand General and Duke of Great Wall County
The eleventh of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", the Northern Zhou Wu Emperor Zi Wen Yong, the Sinicized Xianbei People, and the small character Miluotu reigned from 560 to 578 AD. A native of Wuchuan (武川, in present-day Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia). Yuwen Tai's fourth son. He used era names: Baoding (561-565), Tianhe (566-572 March), Jiande (March 572 - March 578), Xuanzheng (578). Emperor Wu of the Imperial Household, Gao Zu of the Temple. Mausoleum Filial Piety.
The twelfth of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Yang Jian, the Emperor of the Sui Dynasty, was the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty. Han Chinese, a native of Huayin County, Hongnong County (present-day Huayin County, Shaanxi Province). Grandson of Yang Zhen, the 14th grandson of Han Taiwei. During his reign, he successfully unified China, which had been seriously divided for a hundred years, pioneered an advanced system of electing officials, and developed culture and economy. This makes China a prosperous country.
Thirteen of the thirteen emperors in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Yang Guang, the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, emperor of the Tang Dynasty, his grandson Emperor Tai emperor Yang Dongyu was emperor of Shizuming, and Emperor Xia of Dou Jiande was emperor of Min. An English, small character a?. The second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, was the lone empress dowager. He was made crown prince in November of the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Kai, and succeeded to the throne in July of the 4th year of Renshou (604). After taking the throne, he had grand ambitions for state affairs and worked hard to realize them. During his reign, he built the Grand Canal, built the eastern capital Luoyang City, opened up the territory and smoothed the Silk Road, promoted the great construction, created the imperial examination, personally conquered Tuguhun, and marched on Goguryeo.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Job Offerings Map" was appreciated
Yan Liben's "Job Offerings"
Gong Tu is a silk color painting created by the Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben, which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
The painting depicts the scene of the Kingdom of Boli and the Kingdom of Luocha traveling thousands of miles to pay tribute during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang. There are twenty-seven people in the painting, of whom the white-clad bearded man riding a white horse is an emissary of the Luocha Kingdom, and behind him are servants holding umbrellas and fans, carrying gifts. The man on the left who wears a robe and holds a coral and an umbrella cover in his hand is a messenger of the Kingdom of Boli, and his retinue also carries various gifts. The whole painting is light and elegant, the characters are strangely shaped, and the lines are smooth and natural.
This picture shows the scene of the envoys of the Western Regions meeting the Tang Dynasty during the Tang Dynasty, seeing the teams lined up and marching among the hills in the countryside. In the middle, the man wearing a white robe and riding a high-headed horse was an envoy, and behind him was a guard with an umbrella and a fan. The people in the procession held a variety of different tributes, some holding corals in their hands, some beating ivory on their shoulders, some holding artificial mountain nails, and some carrying boxes and top jars. A sheep-like livestock was also sent as a gift, which was different from the Central Plains sheep, with slender horns and a relatively emaciated shape. The people in the envoys had different images, different postures, or long beards and sideburns, or dark skin, or robes, or shirtless breasts, only short skirts, obviously belonging to different nationalities, some even from the tropics.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "LockEdu Tu" was analyzed
Tang Yan Liben Color on silk Length 36.9 cm Width 207.9 cm Collection of the Freer Museum of Art, USA.
This figure is the old legend of Tang Yan Li's original work, although it is a yuan and Ming facsimile, but it still does not lose its original style. It shows the scene of Chen Yuanda, a lieutenant of the Han court of the Sixteen Kingdoms, risking death to consult with Emperor Liu Cong. Liu Cong, a Xiongnu monarch who was absurd and extravagant and cruel, spent a huge amount of money to build a palace for his favorite concubine, Chen Yuanda risked death to enter the court, and was ordered by the grumpy Liu Cong to behead his entire family, and was later rescued by Liu Guifei. The picture shows Chen Yuanda locking himself in a tree with an iron chain, the atmosphere is tense, and the expressions of the characters are very vivid.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Eighteen Bachelors' Diagram" was appreciated
Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben's "Eighteen Bachelors' Drawings" vertical scroll silk color painting 174.1 cm in length and 103.1 cm in width, now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
When Emperor Taizong of Tang built a literary museum, he recruited talents, and took Du Ruyi, Fang Xuanling, Yu Zhining, Su Shichang, Yao Silian, Xue Shuo, Chu Liang, Lu Deming, Kong Yingda, Li Xuandao, Li Shousu, Yu Shinan, Cai Yungong, Yan Xiangshi, Xu Jingzong, Xue Yuanjing, Gai Wenda, and Su Xun as the eighteenth person as bachelors. Later Xue accepted his death and summoned Liu Xiaosun to make up for it. Order Yan Liben portrait, Chu Liang as a praise, inscribed eighteen people's names, places of origin, called eighteen bachelors, the library of the collection, when people admired, called Dengyingzhou.
When Emperor Xuanzong of Tang opened the yuan, he made Zhang Shuo, Xu Jian, He Zhizhang, Zhao Dongxi, Feng Chaoyin, Kang Ziyuan, Hou Xingguo, Wei Shu, Jing Huizhen, Zhao Xuanmo, Lü Xiang, Xian Shuye, Li Zizhao, Dongfang Hao, Lu Wentai, Yu Qin, and Sun Jiliang the Eighteen Scholars, and ordered Dong Cao's portrait and imperial praise as the grand event of the Qianqiu Hanyuan.
The eighteen bachelor figures on Qing Dynasty porcelain are derived from this. Famous scholars of the Tang Dynasty also included Sima Zhen, Li Yanshou, Sima Caizhang, Ling Hu Dedi and so on.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Northern Qi School Book Map" was appreciated
The painting is 80 cm in length and 240 cm in width. According to the content of the Northern Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian's inscription, the second half of this map is different, the Xi officials and horses on the left side of the figure have been added later, and the original half has been lost as early as the Southern Song Dynasty. From this point of view, the existing facsimile of the Northern Qi School Book Map has been a copy of the work cobbled together by later generations. The picture shows the story of the Seventh Year of Northern Qi Tianbao (556 AD) when Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang ordered people to study the history of the Five Classics.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Painting Confucius Disciple Portrait Scroll" was appreciated
Portrait of Confucius's Disciples on silk, colored, 32.3 cm in length and 870 cm in width, in the collection of the Capital Museum. This painting is the largest, longest and best masterpiece of the outstanding painter Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty, and is one of the six works handed down by the painter, which was later purchased by Japanese arms dealers in modern times and listed as a national treasure. Finally, it was purchased in China Trade Shengjia Auction Company and welcomed back to China, which once caused a sensation. The painting was eventually acquired in advance by the Capital Museum at a super low price.
The whole picture of "Confucius Disciple Portrait" adopts a flat column composition, no background, ink and pen outline, coloring, different character images, and vivid eyebrows. Painting Confucius disciples erected statues of fifty-nine people, nameless. From the physical comparison, the third person is Confucius, and the subsequent people are also similar in form and in the same order, but there are omissions or additions in individual places, such as the lack of Zixia between Zi Chi and Zi Gong, and two more people before Confucius. However, according to the volume of Song Wuqian's "Seventy-Two Sages" in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, the content of the portrait of Confucius and his disciples in this painting is unmistakable.
During the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Five Kings of the Bamboo Forest" was analyzed
"Five Emperors of the Bamboo Forest", Tang Dynasty, full width 137.2x74.3 cm, Shitang 39.8x74.5 cm, now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Yan Liben (c. 7th century AD), a native of Yulin Shengle (present-day Suiyuan and Lingle). He and his father Yan Bi and his older brother Yan Lide were both good at painting. He was ordered to depict images of barbarians of various states, duties, halogen books, eighteen students of the Qin Dynasty, and heroes of Lingyange. The painting contains an inscription by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, who believes that this painting depicts the "Seven Sages of the Jin Bamboo Forest" Ji Kang, Ruan Yuan, Shantao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, and Wang Rong, of which Wang Rong and Shantao are not painted in the picture. The bamboo pole in the lower left corner has the words "Yan Liben Painting" on it, which should be a work of false entrustment for posterity.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Yan Liben's "Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyange" was analyzed
The Twenty-Four Heroes of Lingyange is a portrait of twenty-four heroes in Lingyange that Tang Taizong ordered Yan Liben to paint in Lingyan Pavilion on February 28 (March 23), 28 February (643 AD), in order to commemorate the many heroes who fought together in the world.
Twenty-four heroes of Ling Yan Pavilion, all of whom were life-sized in proportion, and the portraits all stood facing north, and Tang Taizong often went to nostalgia. The cabinet is divided into three floors: the innermost layer is painted as the highest meritorious zaifu minister, the middle layer is painted as the minister of the highest merit, and the outermost layer is painted by other heroes.
The pictorial hero Yu Lingyange did not begin in the Tang Dynasty. Yu Xin's "Zhou Guozhu Grand General Qigan Hong Shinto Monument" has the sentence "Tianzi painted the Pavilion of Ling Yan, and returned to his subjects", which shows that the Northern Zhou regime also did this. The spirit of reverence for meritorious and capable subjects has lasted for more than a century. The Lingyan Pavilion of the Tang Dynasty was built next to the Sanqing Hall in Chang'an City (Taiji Palace). The cabinet is divided into three layers: the innermost layer is painted by the ministers of Gonggao Zaifu; the paintings on the middle floor are all the ministers of the Gonggao Princes; and the paintings on the outermost layer are of other meritorious people. The portraits of these twenty-four heroes all stand facing north as a courtesy to the king.
The twenty-four meritorious men were: Situ, Duke Sun Wuji of Zhao, Sikong, Governor of Liangzhou, Li Xiaogong of Hejian Yuan, Sikong, Duke Du of Laiguocheng, Du Ruqian of Laiguo, Governor of Xiangzhou, Prince Taishi, Duke Wenzhen of Zheng Guowen (魏征), Sikong, Fang Xuanling of liangguo, Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Shangshu Right Servant Shooting, Duke Gao Shilian of Shenguo, Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Duke Of Eguo Chi Jingde, Duke of Eguo, Tejin, Duke Li Jing of Weiguo, Tejin, Duke Xiao of Song, General of Fuguo, Governor of Yangzhou, Duan Zhixuan of Zhongzhuang, General of Fuguo, and Liu Hongji of the Duke of Fuguo , Shangshu Left Servant Shooting, Jiang Zhonggong Qu Tutong, Shaanxi Eastern Province Xingtai Right Servant Shooting, Yun Jie Gong Yin Kaishan, Jingzhou DuDu, Xiang Gong Chai Shao, Jingzhou DuDu, Pi Xiang Duke Sun Shunde, Luozhou DuDu, Yun Guo Gong Zhang Liang, Guanglu Dafu, Bureaucrat Shangshu, Lu Guo Marquis Junji, Zuo Xiaowei Grand General, Huang Xiang Gong Zhang Gongjin, Left Leading General, Lu Guo Gong Cheng ZhiJie, Libu Shangshu, Yongxing Wenyi Gong Yu Shinan, Hubu Shangshu, Yu XiangGong Liu Zhenghui, Guanglu Dafu, Hubu Shangshu, Juguo Gong Tang Jian, Guanglu Dafu, Bingbu Shangshu, Li Ji (李勣), the Governor of Xuzhou, and the Duke of Hu (胡国公) Qin Qiong.
This artistic achievement of the "Picture Scroll of Emperors of Past Dynasties" represents a new level of figure painting in the early Tang Dynasty and has an important position in the development of ancient painting history.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Filial Piety Picture Scroll" was analyzed
Tang Dynasty Southern Song Dynasty, Yan Liben "Filial Piety Picture Scroll", hand scroll, silk color, length 18.6 cm, width 529 cm, Liaoning Provincial Museum collection.
The "Female Filial Piety Classic" depicted in this painting is an important female education classic written by Zheng Shi in the Tang Dynasty. The book is modeled on the form and language of the "Filial Piety Classic", and simulates the questions and answers between the Cao People (Ban Zhao) and the daughters of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to admonish the meaning of filial piety and the etiquette that various women should observe.
Originally divided into eighteen chapters, only the first nine chapters of the Book of Filial Piety currently exist, which deal with the feminine ways that women of different classes should observe, as well as the principles of serving in-laws, husbands, and others. Its content, such as husband as heaven, good deeds uncles and relatives, diligent spinning achievements, etc., are all inherited from Ban Zhao's "Female Commandment".
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Taibai DrunkenNess Map" was analyzed
Yan Liben's "Taibai DrunkenNess"
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Landscape Painting" was analyzed
Yan Liben's Landscape Painting
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Dragon Boat Diagram" was analyzed
Yan Liben's "Dragon Boat Diagram"
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Fine Character Map" was appreciated
Yan Liben's "Fine Character Picture"
The famous painter Yan Liben in the early Tang Dynasty enjoyed the "Travel Map"
Yan Liben's "Travel Map"
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Buddha Map" was analyzed
Yan Liben's "Buddha Diagram"
In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous painter Yan Liben's "Guanyin Dashi Icon" was appreciated
Tang Yan Liben", "Statue of Guanyin Dashi"
"Guanyin Dashi Icon": Hai Zhen Chao Yin said Pumen, the Nine Lotus Huali is now innocent; a drop of new nectar from Yang zhi is scattered as spring in the mountains and rivers.
It is said that the Tang Dynasty Yan Liben Guanyin Statue Tuoben. The original stone carvings are collected by the Guiyuan Zen Temple in Hanyang, Hubei Province. It is named after the Buddhist "LengYan Sutra" in which "Guiyuan has no two ways, convenient and has many doors". (The word "Guiyuan" comes from the I Ching, "Yuan's goodness is also the long.") Dry Yuan Zi Start, Kun Yuan Zi Sheng, and Easy to Do In the Meantime, This Ten Thousand Laws Are One"). In the fifteenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1658), it was founded by zhejiang monks Bai Guang and Zhongfeng. Because it is one of the seven schools of Zen Buddhism, cao dong sect, it is named Yuan Zen Temple.
Most of the temple's nameplates are embedded in the temple lintel, while the Guiyuan Temple is a straight plaque, which is rare in the country and can be called a jungle wonder. Before Qing Daoguang (1821-1850), the Guiyuan Temple name Hengshu, the Daoguang Emperor was pleased to hear of the white light, the main peak of good deeds and virtue, immeasurable merit, personally gave the jade seal side, its Shangyang seal engraved "To give Cao Dongzong thirty-one white light main peak ancestor seal" to praise his deeds. Since then, the status of Guiyuan Temple has been greatly improved in the Buddhist jungle, and the name of the temple has been changed to Naoshu.
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, there was a saying in folklore called "Left Phase Xuanwei Desert, Right Phase Chi Fame Danqing". Both the left and right phases were the chancellors of the Court of Emperor Gaozong and Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty. Jiang Ke, the left phase, was a military general who had made many meritorious achievements on the battlefield; yan Liben, the right phase, was a great painter with outstanding talent and fame.