On September 17, 1886, Lu Feikui, a famous educator and publisher in modern China, was born

Literature and history are known: Lu Fei, mingkui, a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang; devoted his life to Chinese education and publishing, the founder of the Century-old Bookstore - Zhonghua Bookstore, who worked hard and presided over the business for thirty years; as far as the contribution of the entire modern publishing industry to modern cultural thought and education is concerned, the Zhonghua Bookstore and the Commercial Press are on a par with each other, and the two major book industries are like two dazzling stars; "the father of "Cihai", who has successively published "Zhonghua Da Zidian" and "Cihai", reprinted "Four Preparations", "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" and so on He first published Chinese primary and secondary school textbooks; he founded and presided over the journal Education Magazine, which was one of the earliest professional education publications in China.

In the article "My Youth", Lu Feikui once commented on his self-learning spirit: "When I was a child, my mother taught for five years, my father taught for one year, and the teacher taught for one and a half years, and I only paid twelve yuan in tuition in my life. By the age of thirteen, he had read six books, namely the Four Books, the Book of Poetry, the Book of Books, the Book of Changes, the Zuo Zhuan, and the Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty, and had not created a sentence or written a text. Because the mother advocated reading more and reading more, opposed hollowing out the mind to make eight strands, and opposed the theory of emptying; but she had studied abacus and read the "Outline".

When I was thirteen years old, in the year of Peng shu, I was barely able to read the daily newspaper and the current affairs newspaper, and I had a little new thinking, and I could not avoid conflicting with my father's ideas; my mother agreed with my ideas, so she did not read according to the old style, studied ancient chinese and geography by myself, and later actually studied arithmetic by myself, and read gezhi books. At that time, I was in Nanchang with the attendant, and there was a reading newspaper newspaper, and I went once every other day, at nine o'clock in the afternoon and out at five o'clock in the afternoon. Bring a little flatbread steamed bun for lunch. At first, there were twenty or thirty readers, but later I was often the only one left, and the administrator was also familiar. He handed me the key, the five large collections of books, as if it were mine...

After doing so for three years, the learning gradually improved, the liberal arts gradually became smooth, and the common sense gradually enriched. At the age of seventeen—not yet sixteen—he taught. From the age of seventeen to twenty-six, from 6:00 to 8:00 a.m. every day, they must study by themselves, and they almost always study or write at night. ”

Lu Feikui was born in 1886 in Hanzhong, Shaanxi. A native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang. During the Qianlong period, the ancestor Lu Feiqi served as the chief official of the Siku Quanshu. Her mother was Li Hongzhang's niece, who was familiar with poetry and open-minded.

From the age of five, he was taught reading by his mother Wu. When he was six years old, he moved to Nanchang with his family and was still taught to read by his mother. There is a reading newspaper in Nanchang.

He went to read it every other day and brought a little flatbread for lunch.

At the age of 13, Lu Feikui had already read the Four Books, the Five Classics, and the Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty.

During the Penghu Restoration, the 13-year-old Lu Feikui was influenced by the idea of changing the law and trying to strengthen the law, and taught himself a new book and the "Times". Often conflicts with their parents. Fortunately, with the support of his mother, he began to teach himself ancient chinese, history and arithmetic.

In the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), he went to Jiangcheng at the invitation of Lü Liehuang, a Japanese teacher in Nanchang and later taught in Wuchang. In the following year, a new academic bookstore was opened to sell books such as "Alarm Clock" and "Turning Back".

In the spring of the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), he participated in the initiation of the organization of the Rizhi Association, served as a member of the Council, and began to engage in revolutionary activities. In the same year, he resigned as a bookstore manager and served as a reporter and chief writer of Hankou's Chu Bao, because of the article exposing the secret loan contract of the Guangdong-Han Railway, the Chu Bao was sealed, the chief writer Zhang Hanjie was arrested, Lu Feikui was wanted, Lu Feikui fled to Shanghai, and was hired as the manager and editor of the Shanghai branch (bookstore) of Changming Company.

In the winter of the 32nd year of Qing Guangxu (1906 AD), Lu Feikui served as an employee of the Shanghai Civilization Bookstore and the principal of the Civilization Primary School. After that, Lu Feikui began to show his talent in the publishing industry. He entered The Shanghai Bookstore and The Civilization Bookstore as the manager, Xiangli and editor.

In the spring of the thirty-third year (1907), Lu Feikui published an article in the Southern Daily criticizing the textbooks compiled and printed by the Qing Government's Library Bureau for the initial chinese language and self-cultivation that were not in line with children's psychology, so he made up his mind to compile his own primary school textbooks. This set of newly compiled textbooks, including Chinese language, arithmetic, and self-cultivation courses, was published by the Civilization Bookstore the following year and was very influential in the educational circles.

In the autumn of the thirty-fourth year of the Qing Dynasty (the first year of the Qing Dynasty, 1908 AD), Lu Feikui entered the Commercial Press as the editor of the Ministry of Culture and Culture, and in the spring of the following year, he was promoted to the director of the Publication Department and the editor-in-chief of the "Education Magazine" and the director of the Lecture Department. His discussion ideas are novel and full of new spirit, and they are in full swing in Shanghai.

In January 1909, Lu Feikui published an article entitled "Shortening the Number of Years of Study" in the inaugural issue of the Journal of Education, advocating that students shorten their years of study, reduce class hours and pay attention to practical education, which was the beginning of China's proposal for a new academic system, and at the same time, he also published "Ordinary Education Should Adopt Vulgar Characters", which was the first time in history that the use of simplified characters was openly advocated.

The Wuchang Uprising broke out in 1911. He expected the revolution to succeed and the textbook to be reformed. Therefore, he and his friends Dai Kedun, Chen Yin, Shen Yi, Shen Jifang and others decided to set up a new bookstore and step up the compilation of textbooks. After some intense preparations, on January 1, 1912, the Zhonghua Bookstore was officially established in Shanghai.

Lu Feikui drafted and published the "Manifesto of the Zhonghua Bookstore" and published it in the "Declaration", which explained the purpose of the bureau: "The national foundation cares about education, the fundamentals of education, and the reality of textbooks; education is not revolutionary, and the national foundation will never be consolidated; textbooks are not revolutionary, and the purpose of education cannot be achieved in the end." ”

Soon, Lu Feikui "obeyed the order of the Ministry of Education" and published the "New Chinese Textbook", a set of books with five color flags on the cover under the banner of "Textbook Revolution", clearly stating that "Sun Yat-sen is the first great man in China today" and clearly stating that "Sun Yat-sen is the first great man in China today."

"Chinese Textbook" is novel and popular. In the early years of the Republic of China, the "Chinese Textbook" almost monopolized the market, reaching the point where it was displayed during the day, sold out before it was too late, and there was no book on the shelf. Lu Feikui's newly compiled "Chinese Textbook" not only met the needs of educational reform at that time, but also laid the foundation for the future development of Zhonghua Bookstore.

In January 1912, Lu Feikui published an article in the "Education Magazine" entitled "Tribute to the Chief of Education of the Republic of China", which contributed to the development of education in China at that time, and was adopted by Cai Yuanpei, the minister of education, and implemented successively.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915 AD), the bookstore was reorganized into a joint-stock company, and Lu Feikui served as the director. During this period, he successively published publications such as "Chinese Novel Circle", "Chinese Practical Industry", "Chinese Women's Circle", "Greater China" and so on, and became the second Chinese businessmen's large bookstore in China.

In 1918, Lu was commissioned by the Ministry of Education to promote the Chinese movement in Shanghai.

Around 1921, he participated in the Chinese Promotion Conference, founded the Chinese Specialized School, printed Chinese language textbooks, produced Chinese sound films, etc., and enthusiastically advocated vernacular language.

In 1922, Lu Feikui also published a paper "Opinions on Sorting Out Chinese Characters", proposing to use simplified characters that were already popular in the folk, and simplifying other characters with many strokes.

After the establishment of the National Power in Nanjing in the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927 AD), Lu Feikui elected Kong Xiangxi as a director of the Zhonghua Bookstore.

With the increasing development of the book company, Lu Feikui's reputation was beneficial, and he became a giant in the national publishing industry, so he was elected as the chairman of the Shanghai Book Industry Association and a member of the China Federation of Industry.

In 1934, a new equipment printing plant was built in Kowloon, which was known as the first in the Far East, mainly to print Nanjing government banknotes and bonds.

In 1936, Zhonghua Bookstore founded Baoan Industrial Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, specializing in the production of rubber boats for national defense, gas masks and mast lamps. In the same year, Lu Feikui served as the chairman of Zhonghua Bookstore.

By 1937, zhonghua bookstore had successively edited and published "Juzhen Imitation Song Edition Twenty-Four Histories", "Zhonghua Da Zidian", "Cihai", reprinted "Four Preparations" and "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" and other tomes, publishing a total of nearly 20,000 kinds of books.

For example, the 200 million-word "Four Preparations", he checked it again, found only a dozen typos, and after correcting it, there was not a single typo. He also advertised in particular in the newspapers that whoever could find a typo in the Four Books would be rewarded with ten oceans. No one responded, so the ten oceans were not spent. ”

It took four years to compile the Zhonghua Da Zidian, which received more notes than the Kangxi Dictionary.

He spent 20 years compiling Ci Hai. In 1928, Fang Asked Lu Feikui to invite the well-known scholar Shu Xincheng to preside over the compilation of the Cihai. Published in 1936, "Ci Hai" has become a large-scale ancient and modern Chinese dictionary in Modern China, and in the past forty years since its release, it has spread all over the world, and scholars call it convenient. All this is due to lu Feikui's good management.

By the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the capital of Zhonghua Bookstore had reached 4 million yuan, the annual turnover was about 10 million yuan, and there were more than 40 sub-bureaus throughout the country. The staff of shanghai and Hong Kong factories alone has reached more than 3,000. The color printing business of the bookstore was the first in the country, and the printing design was new, and it was known as the first in the Far East at that time.

In November 1937, when Japan invaded Shanghai, he left Shanghai for Hong Kong. He presided over the Hong Kong branch of the Zhonghua Book Company in Hong Kong for many years, actively printing books and supplying the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was re-elected to the First and Second Suffragette Bureaus of the National Council of Political Participation.

During the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941 AD), during the difficult War of Resistance, on July 9, Lu Feikui, who was living in his apartment in Kowloon, suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and died at the age of 56 as the general manager of the Zhonghua Bookstore in Hong Kong.

He is the author of "Educational Literature", "Miscellaneous Talks on Youth Cultivation", "Miscellaneous Talks on Women's Issues" and various textbooks.

Lu Feikui (17 September 1886 – 9 July 1941), surnamed Lu Fei (陸費), courtesy name Kui (逵), the character Bohong (伯洪), the number Shaocang (少沧), the young name Cangsheng (沧生), and his pen names were Fei (飛), 繟飞, 陳飞, bai and so on. A native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, he was born in Hanzhong, Shaanxi. He is a famous educator and publisher in modern China, and the founder of Zhonghua Bookstore. Grandson of Lu Feiqi IV.