The Chinese nation is one of the earliest nations in the world's civilization, creating a brilliant and splendid culture, Chinese martial arts is a brilliant pearl, with a long history, with routines and fighting as the form of movement, pay attention to both internal and external cultivation, get rid of diseases and strengthen the body, self-defense, stop invasion, stop fighting technology. Chinese martial arts, Peking Opera, calligraphy and medicine are known as China's "Four Great National Essences".
In ancient times, the territory of Dazhou was a primeval forest, with many animals and few people, and the environment was dangerous. In order to survive, the indigenous ancestors used instinctive activities such as fists, feet, running, and jumping to achieve "animals living in groups and enlisting forces" to obtain food. The use of "fighting" and "striking", and later the production of production tools and self-defense weapons, are the basis of the origin of martial arts.
The indigenous ancestors and the Ba people in the eastern Sichuan area belonged to the Bazi state and were collectively known as the Ba people. In the middle of the eleventh century BC, the Ba people assisted the King of Wu to cut down the forest, "Ba shi brave, singing and dancing to Ling Yin people" and "good at crossbow shooting, just brave and good dance", which became a major feature of the Ba people. In particular, the "Bayu Dance" of the ancestors mostly contains military offensive and defensive actions, which has a greater impact on the development of martial arts in China.
The "Huayang Guozhi" records: "The Brazilian people are good at martial arts, good at making iron rods" and "can make a white bamboo crossbow". During the Three Kingdoms period, Wang Ping, a man who practiced martial arts in Tangqu, followed Liu Bei and made many military achievements. During the Western Jin Dynasty, li te and li xiong, the father and son of the Tangqu people, were skilled in martial arts, led the revolt of displaced people, and established the Chenghan regime in Chengdu. Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the culture and martial arts have been divided, and martial arts have been incorporated into the education and examination system and widely spread among the people. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the practice of martial arts in the territory was becoming more and more popular, and some people invited boxers to come to their homes to teach their children to learn martial arts. There are relics of martial arts training places in Dacheng: during the Qing Jiaqing period, the Qing Dynasty's barracks were stationed in the west of the city to practice martial arts, and later became a street (Xisheng Street) due to the increase in military quarters and civilian houses. The school yard of Chunniujing (Da High School) outside the East Gate is a place for academic examinations, martial arts riding and shooting, and martial arts. Jianting Street was originally a place where martial arts archery was practiced. In the first year of Qing Jiaqing (1796), many martial arts masters in Daxian participated in the largest peasant war in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the practice of martial arts was banned and boxing skills prevailed. Local regiments practiced arming and martial arts. Under the influence of the cultural ideology of the "May Fourth" movement, the martial arts circles proposed to "save the country by force." In the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), Wang Weizhou of the Jingguo Army served as the commander of the Suiding Prefecture Garrison, encouraged civilian martial arts training, and used the North Gate Dagong Dam as a playground for military training.
In the twelfth year of the Republic of China (1923), the Beiyang government appointed Liu Cunhou as the inspector of border defense in Sichuan and Shaanxi, occupied Daxian County, hired martial arts masters as division and regimental chief instructors, trained officers and soldiers, and often made friends with local boxers. At the same time, each county has successively established a national art museum. Zhang Duofu (Zhang Laodao) and other boxers set up tents to teach apprentices in places such as the City God Temple, the Yellow Dragon Temple, and the Wufu Temple. Some towns have branch offices, and county middle schools also open national art classes, hiring martial artists to teach boxing and martial arts. Local martial arts masters also often compete with garrison boxers.
In the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), the martial arts were changed to "national arts". Martial arts rings are held in Daxian, Xuanhan and Bazhong. Civilian boxers were afraid to fight with the army and were reluctant to participate, and the medals were won by the garrison.
In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), Liu Cunhou held a military martial arts observation meeting in the North Gate Playground, and the instructors of the division and regiment took the stage to perform.
In the 1930s, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army entered Sichuan to establish the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet District, mobilized the county, district, and township peasants, the Red Guards, the Young Pioneers, and the masses to practice martial arts in the Beimen Grand Playground every day, and organized boxers to teach martial arts classes in schools. New developments in the martial arts in the territory.
In the 1940s, Wu Zhenggang of Shiqiao Town, Li Xiushan of Daxian County, Wu Zhangzhao and other boxers set up martial arts tents in Daxian City God Temple, Huanglong Temple and other places, and many people practiced martial arts.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, martial arts competitions were conducted in the form of a pendulum ring, regardless of level, without wearing protective gear, and there was a referee to carry out fighting, wrestling and fencing on the four-square high platform. The master or the master of the selection sits on the throne, free to participate, and the step down, the fall, and the bleeding are lost. Some have also concluded life-and-death contracts that "kill without legal responsibility."
After the founding of New China, martial arts were included in national sports, and the State Sports Commission issued a martial arts training outline and the Rules for Martial Arts Competitions, and banned life and death contracts. The martial arts competition is divided into groups of people and children and is conducted on carpeted grounds and is scored by several referees.
In 1953, Daxian established the National Sports Research Association to study and exchange martial arts. In July of the same year, Gao Tengsheng, a teacher at Da High School, represented Sichuan Province in the National Boxing Competition (Western Boxing) held in Tianjin and won the second place in the 52 kg category.
In 1973, the regional amateur sports school set up a martial arts class, which was enrolled once every two years. In May 1975, Chengdu Institute of Physical Education opened its doors and trained more than 200 students in Dazhu and Kaijiang, and some of them became the backbone of martial arts in the region. In May 1977, the Sichuan Provincial Youth Wushu Competition was held in Daxian County.
In 1978, Tao Guangming participated in the provincial martial arts competition held in Zigong and won the first place in Southern Quan. In 1979, Wan Lei participated in the Wushu Competition of the Fourth Sichuan Provincial Games held in Beibei, Chongqing, and won the first place in traditional boxing (chasing the wind).
Due to the influence of the movie "Shaolin Temple", in 1983, the "martial arts fever" arose, and various counties (cities) set up martial arts counseling stations. The amateur martial arts coaching station of Bashan Stadium has held training classes and trained more than 16,000 trainees. Li Bin, Zou Zhi and Xiong Yong, three sanda players trained at the Quxian Wushu Coaching Station, won the championship in the Sichuan Provincial Sanda Ring.
In 1983, the Daxian District Sports Committee set up a martial arts census, excavation and collation and sports literature and history office, visiting more than 180 folk boxers, excavating 26 types of boxing, 247 routines, and 6 kinds of qigong.
In December 1984, the Daxian District Wushu Association was established to organize urban taijiquan, martial arts, qigong enthusiasts to teach and learn from each other in the riverside garden, people's park, Bashan Stadium and other places.
In July 1985, the Regional Armed Forces Association held a training class and used training as a substitute competition. 88 members of 9 teams, including Daxian City, Dagang Steel Mill, Kaijiang County, Xuanhan County, O64 Base, and Baisha District, participated in the training and competition.
In 1986, Daxian District hosted the first Youth Games of Sichuan Province, and martial arts were listed as competitions, and regional teams participated in the competition, and won the fourth place.
In February 1992, the Sichuan Wushu Association awarded Xuanhan County as the "Hometown of Martial Arts" in Sichuan Province, and in December, Xuanhan County was selected as the first batch of "Wushu Towns" in China.
Since then, most of the martial arts activities and classes and schools in the district have been organized by the society and the people. In the late 1980s, tai chi became the main fitness activity for the elderly.
In September 1993, the Daxian District Wushu Sanda Tournament was held at the Daxian District Gymnasium. In the same year, Li Bing, a sanda player trained by Daxian County, won the second place in the Sanda Competition of the Seventh National Games, and was later hired as a professional teacher by the People's Liberation Army Sports College.
In 1996, Wei Youhua, who was sent to the Sichuan Provincial Boxing Team from Daxian District, participated in the national boxing competition held in Shanghai and won the 75 kg championship and the "golden belt" of this level.
After the new century, martial arts enthusiasts in Dazhou City participated in various competitions and won numerous awards, not to mention them.
Dazhou martial arts genre (fist type): There are many popular fist types, some of which are created, gradually enriched, developed and inherited by local ancestors, and more are imported from other places and continuously improved. Integrate the characteristics of the south's strong short hands, strong and powerful, the north's big opening and closing, jumping vertical jump, stretching generously and so on. Rarely spends shelves, strong applicability.
Yumen Fist: Mainly distributed in Daxian County, Xuanhan and Kaijiang and other places, there are many practitioners. According to legend, Yumen Quan evolved from the "Five Birds Play" created by the medical scientist Hua Tuo at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Passed down from generation to generation, by the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it gradually became a unique hereditary boxing technique of the Yu family in Dongxiang County. In the 40th year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1775), Yu Youfu, the eighth generation of Yu men quan, set up a church in the Paulownia tree (now Nankun Bridge Head) in Nanba Town, Dongxiang. The hereditary martial arts of the Yu clan began to pass on a foreign surname, known as "Yu men fist". Yu Youfu is also proficient in medical skills, with many disciples, and Xiong Xue can achieve the most profound achievements. Xiong Xueneng returned to Kaijiang County in his later years to teach apprentices, and his apprentices usually hit stones with their bare hands by the river, kicked pebbles, practiced hard for 19 years, shoveled their toes, and had no nails, known as the "nine-headed lion iron footboard". At the age of 12, the modern Yumen Fist disciple Ding Jugao learned martial arts with his uncle Ding's charter, obtained his true transmission, integrated the essence of the various routines in the "Yumen Fist", and created three routines: "Mabu Double Split Fist", "Zhizi" and "Hanging Seal Throat". In the 1950s, Ding Jugao passed on the "Yumen Fist" to his son Ding Shiyu and his nephew Ding Changfu. After the 1970s, he carefully passed it on to his great-grandson Ding Yaoting.
Zimen Fist: Mainly distributed in Daxian County, Quxian County and other places, most of the practitioners of boxing are boatmen. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the Henan martial artist Chen Yu avoided disasters and entered the river, and spent his life in Sanhui, Quxian County, to teach Zimen Fist, and Yuan De of Shiqiao in Daxian County learned profoundly. Feng Xingbi, Li Youshan, Wu Zhangshao, Wu Zhenggang of Houda County, Sun Fuchen and Zeng Buyun of Quxian County, who inherited their skills, all became well-known martial arts masters in the district in the 1930s. In the 1940s, Feng Xingbi of Daxian and Li Dehou of Quxian continued to teach apprentices, so that zimen fist has been passed down to this day.
Hongmen Fist: Mainly distributed in Daxian County, Quxian County and other places. In the early years of the Republic of China, Huang Zhengtang of Hanyin County, Shaanxi Province, entered Sichuan zhida County to avoid disasters, and set up a tent in the flint beam of Beiwai Town, present-day Tongchuan District, and spread the Fist of Hongmen to Wang Dingsheng, Wang Dingmao, Li Tianshu and others.
Monk's Fist: Mainly distributed in Tongchuan District, Daxian and other places. This fist was passed down by monks, so it was called "Monk's Fist". In the late Qing Dynasty, a senior monk in Shaanxi Province taught the monk's fist to Xiong Fangcai at the Rhino Mountain at luojiangkou in Daxian County. The bear obtained its true transmission and obeyed the master's orders not to pass on to outsiders. His sons Xiong Zhongcai, Sun Xiong Zhengxun, and great-grandson Xiong Xiaogui were all proficient in this fist. In the late 1970s, Xiong Xiaogui widely taught monks.
Zhao Men Quan: Mainly distributed in Tongchuan District, Daxian County, Dazhu, Quxian and other places. It is named after the family heirloom of the Zhao surname of the Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, some martial arts instructors stationed in the Sichuan Army were introduced into the region. In the 1930s, Guiyang Wanyun Penglaida County taught apprentices, and there were many disciples, which enabled Zhao Menquan to develop in the area. Among them, Wang Honglian of Qu County and Tan Yunchen of Da County are all descendants of Zhao Men Quan. Tan Yunchen was proficient in bone fighting tenons, and later became a famous doctor in Dacheng.
Eight Pole Quan: Also known as "Eight Taboo Fists" and "Eight Skill Fists". It was founded by Wu Zhong, a native of Cangzhou, Hebei, so it is called "Wu's Eight Poles". In the 1940s, Yang Weilong, a native of Baocheng, Quxian County, learned this fist in Tianjin and taught it widely after returning to his hometown, and it is still circulated in Quxian and Dazhu counties.
Baguamen: Mainly distributed in Kaijiang County, Tongchuan District and other places. Bagua Gate, commonly known as Bagua Palm, belongs to the Emei Fist Sect, and was spread in the district by Zhang Weilin of Kaijiang County after returning to his hometown to teach apprentices after completing his studies in other places.
Taijiquan: It is an ancient style of boxing, which is divided into Yang style, Chen style, Wu style, Sun style and other schools. In 1941, Jiang Jie, a native of Daxian County, returned to his hometown to learn Taijiquan in Chongqing Guoshuguan and opened an apprenticeship, which made Taijiquan widely spread in the region. It is now divided into competition routines, traditional tai chi and tai chi pushers. Since the beginning of the new century, the Routine of Dacheng Taijiquan Competition has developed unprecedentedly. The sixth generation of Yang-style Taijiquan, Bai Dailin, was the president of the Daxian District Wushu Association, the head coach of Sanda, and won the national sanda championship and the national long boxing championship. Shan Quanzhong was the first in the Dazhou Taijiquan Competition, winning the Sichuan Provincial 48 Style Taijiquan Championship in 1985 and the gold medal in the National Taijiquan Competition in 1989.
In addition, there are Yuemen Fist, Shaolin Fist, Natural Gate, Southern Fist, Eight Tiger Fist, Huamen Fist, Mantis Fist, Ba men Fist, Night Knife and various types of Qigong in Dazhou District.
Shangwu is the way to level the world, Zhongwu enters Zhe'an's body and mind, and Xiawu is strong in physical strength. Dazhou martial arts are in the ascendant!
(This article is mainly based on the "Dazhou Municipal Sports Chronicle")