Under this concept, Chinese painting is also looked down upon by many people, so he believes that it is necessary to make a corresponding comparison in this regard, Lin Qinnan first talked about the overall concept of Western art:
Europeans on the art of the artist, carpenter also, painter also, carved stone also, ancient writer also. Yu Shi was shocked to hear it, saying that the ancients such as Han, Liu, Ou, and Wang, why should they be in the same discipline as the mason? Hearing his arguments, he deeply believed it. The Europeans are called carpenters, who gather all the materials and become a giant chamber, and the people they fight are also the materials. The painting is mixed with five colors to form a picture, and the color it needs is also. The stonemason, on the other hand, becomes a stone elephant, but needs to be chiseled with an axe, and then surrounds the stone with a spirit, and then becomes a human form. The fluttering of the clothes is still easy to do, while the god Yu Yiyi is self-made, which is more difficult than the above two arts. As for the ancient text, it is especially difficult for the stonemason to use it for the purpose of chiseling, but to make it a fictitious image out of thin air, so that the reader can look down and be moved and excited. These four are not attached to each other, and the Westerners are one, and Si Yiqi is also strange. However, I am in the middle of the four, and my heart is addicted to the second, so after the thesis, there is a treatise on painting.
Surrounded by a small area
Lin Shu believes that the West divides the category of fine arts into four categories, the first type is carpenter, of course, the carpenter he said refers to the Architect of the West, because architectural aesthetics is the most important component of Western art, and the painter of course refers to the painter, carved stone is called sculptor today, and ancient literature is what people call writers today. These names of his were apparently translated into various nouns by his friends. Lin said he was surprised when he first heard about them because they were all different from Chinese traditions, and then he explained the differences between the four types of art creation in Western art and made a comparison of ease. But Lin also said that for these four components, he was most concerned about novels and paintings.
So what is the difference between Western painting and Chinese painting, Lin Shu believes: "Western people in painting, there are teachers, there are arithmetic, there is optics, but people say that their pictograms think that they can do things, but they do not know that there are also six laws in it." ”
Small square entrance
Lin Shu's view is quite accurate, he believes that in addition to the transmission of the master, the Western painting technique also applies mathematics and optics to it, so that the shape of the painted object can be accurately expressed, and it can be perfectly presented. But Lin Shu also said that these advantages of Western painting are exactly equivalent to the six methods emphasized by Chinese painting, and he wants to show that although Chinese and Western paintings have different forms of expression, they are not much different in basic concepts. However, the difference in painting techniques makes the imaging effect of Chinese and Western paintings different: "Where painting night mountains, it is the most difficult to achieve." If the Westerners can do this, they will be in the obscurity of the bushes, splitting the clouds and leaking out the bright moon, and the moonlight will shoot water, swinging into a piece of white. It seems to be like an ear, but the viewer is like seeing the photo, which is meaningless. ”
Lin Shu said that Chinese painting is the most difficult to paint night scenes, but Western paintings are easy to express night scenes, but the pictures painted in this way have no artistic rhyme at all, just like looking at photos, it is impossible to see the painter's thoughts. This concept of his is the common understanding of the traditional school, which believes that Western painting rewrites reality and Chinese painting rewrites meaning, which makes the traditional school think that Chinese painting is higher than Western painting, because Chinese painting is more ideological.
The main entrance of Lin Shu's former residence
But as mentioned earlier, Lin Shu has translated many Western novels, after all, he has been exposed to more Western art than others, so although he is selfish in his painting concept, there is also objectivity. For example, he cites the differences between the waterfalls painted by the two techniques:
Westerners write waterfalls, is a real waterfall, can pour down from the flat top of the stone, up wide and sharp, the water flow is very powerful, which? The water is rocky, running wildly and fun, the water falls violently, and the water gradually kills, so the water marks are wide and sharp. In the landscape of my generation, the waterfall is written, then it is narrow and the bottom is relaxed, with jagged rocks on both sides, the waterfall comes out of the stone gap, and as for the big ravine, the tributaries begin to spread. This is different from western painting. Although the land is different, the water state is also slightly different. Westerners write about landscapes, which are extremely meaningless, but writing waterfalls is beyond the reach of the Chinese.
plaque
Lin Shu noticed that most of the waterfalls in Chinese paintings are narrow and wide, and the waterfalls in Western paintings are the opposite - they are wide and narrow, but if you observe the objective real scene, the Western paintings should be more correct, and said that there are many places in Western paintings that are inferior to Chinese paintings, but in the point of painting waterfalls, it is impossible for Chinese to paint better than them. He also compared the differences in perspective between Chinese and Western painting methods: "Westerners paint the realm, extremely far and near. There are those who paint large trees towering in the sky, and the trees outside the trees are like beans and seedlings, that is, the distant mountains are not more than inches, and they are peeping with a distant mirror, which is like a forced portrait. If the Chinese landscape also uses this method, it is not only inconsistent with the six laws, but it has long been thorny. ”
Wen Bao brand
From the above quotations, we can roughly understand some of Lin Shu's painting concepts, and as far as that era is concerned, Lin Shu can also be regarded as able to view the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and Western painting more fairly. Although he is a traditionalist painting method, he can still see the strengths of Western painting. As for the shortcomings of Chinese painting, he also mentioned it in "Chun Jue Zhai on Painting", for example, he made such a criticism of the painting school emphasized by Chinese:
As soon as a sect is established, the portal is divided. Learning is like Zhu and Lu. However, in the words of the painting, those who respect the clouds, those who see the Zhejiang school are bitterly denigrated, and those who are zulou Dong, who slander Wumen, also spare no effort, and the Yang Lake of Judah and the Yuwen of Tongcheng, if the host and the guest fight each other, they will fight for victory and stop, and they will do nothing. Tongcheng, Yanghu, can not rebuke the eight families into the text, Wumen, Lou Dong, can not give up the North Garden to become a painting, the ancestral narrative is the same, the path is slightly different, after learning with its nature of the near learning, can be famous, why be the clamor of the fly maggot!
Incense opposite
Lin Shu talked about the situation in which the Yunjian School, the Zhejiang School, the Loudong School, the Wumen School, and so on rebuked each other, and he compared this with the mutual attacks of the Yanghu School and the Tongcheng School in the article, believing that whether the Yanghu School or the Tongcheng School would be ancestral to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the Wumen School and the Loudong School could not reject Dong Yuan's painting style. For example, in the preface to the "Zhenchuan Collection", he emphasized: "Fu characters are safe and there is a faction? Those who learn from the ancients get their essence, take the right path, and the future generations follow their tracks, and those who do not know will become a sect. However, Cheng And Zhu Xue Confucius will also be called Qufu Paiye? ”
preface
Lin Shu's analogy is quite sophisticated, he said that Ercheng and Zhu Xi both studied Confucius, and they could not be called the Qufu school, so he put forward the idea of "painting nobles without school".
Although there is such a thing, Lin Shu still has a preference for different styles in painting, for example, he once wrote a long poem of "Self-titled Small Painting", which has the following two sentences: "Yushan Shigu changed the family law, and the ink opera was not also an idiot at the beginning; I was born bitterly and late shun Kangyuan, and the yo-yo line returned to Lou Dong." From this, it can be seen that Lin Shu most admired Wang Yi, and he was eager to be born in the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods, so that he could worship Wang Yi as a teacher and become a member of the Loudong faction.
Old stuff
Guo Zengzhong said in the "Preface to the Seventy Birthdays of Mr. Wei Lu": "In the three hundred years of Mr. Gai's academic friendship, he secretly thought that his zhi class Tinglin, the article class Cherish hug, the art class Shi Gu, and the heroic class Han Zhi. Autumn night is more leisurely, hair picking is analogous, the entertainment of history, or there is a taker. Guo Zengzhong gave Lin Shu high praise, believing that Lin Shu could be compared with Gu Yanwu in terms of merit, similar to Yao Nai in terms of articles, and directly chased after Wang Yi in painting. Regarding Lin's preference for Wang Yi, Guo wrote in the Preface:
It is in the stone valley, and the vision is in the heart. Dyeing the clouds of smoke, secretly connecting Qi Zhen, and even pestering teachers and friends, then the years of cultivating tobacco are established; their feelings are chaotic, and the life of cultivating tobacco is Ding Dingge. As well as Fu Dongmen's sleeves, resigning to the micro-official of the Dou Dou; the temple opened the screen, borrowing the true handwriting of the sac. The standard grid is closed, and it is slightly the same. This is also the same as the art of Mr. Ishitani. ......
Praise
It can be seen that in the eyes of friends, Lin Shu's paintings are similar to Wang Yi's, and Lin Shu's original people also classified themselves as the Lou Dong Sect. However, Lin Shu, who opposed the theory of painting school, also said in the "Spring Juezhai on Painting" that:
There are factions in the literature, but they are even lingling and public security. There are also factions in the painting. Yu has been quite unhappy with Wu Menye recently. Guo Mianting, my hometown, takes the title of the book, but one of the paintings is all Wumen, and it is very unpleasant to learn. In the past, when the Seven Sons were in their prime, Qian Yushan taught Yuyang to urgently seek ancient learning, and Yuyang became everyone. Shi Gu was also confined to Lou Dong at the beginning, since the Boguan famous relics dozens of hundreds, began to suddenly realize the subtlety of painting theory, the vastness of painting, not a small family can do, so Shi Gu painting became the first in the former Qing Dynasty, Yu Hengpi's fishing ocean. Whoops, like the Stone Valley, can really be described as a big person, not bound to the sect.
Long, narrow courtyard
In this passage, Lin Shu admitted that there was a literary school and a painting school, and he claimed that he did not like the Wumen school of painting, and at the same time, he pointed out that Wang Yi was also shrouded in the concept of the Loudong school in his early years, and later his vision gradually broadened, and he finally realized the theory of painting and became a big person. In Lin Shu's words, Wang Shigu's painting achievements can be called the first in the Qing Dynasty, and he compares Wang Yi to Wang Shichen, a great poet of the Qing Dynasty Shen Yun School, and believes that Wang Yi can have such achievements because he is not limited to the painting concept of a certain school. But why do anyone still question the "Four Kings"? Lin Shu believes that:
The literati are light, the painters are also light, the pen and ink of Ishigaya, the clouds are extraordinary, and the foothills are in line. Yifeng old man painting, everyone has no gossip, and Ni Yunlin knows that 'Huang Weng Zijiu, although he can't dream of Fangshan and Oubo, it is not within the reach of modern paintings. Yu said that Fang shan and Ou Bo were gulls and fierce enemies, and Yunlin said that they could not dream, and it was not worth a penny to destroy them directly. Cheung Chau Zhang Ren is the word of explanation, which is 'for the sake of Antivan, I want to do my best.' 'This straight force and things old also. To be fair, Gull Bomi, Fang Shan Gao, Idiot Weng Qi, the three families are not inferior, and they will want to be in the middle, and they are false.
Main hall
The statement that the literati are light first appeared in Cao Pi's "Classic Treatises": "Literati are light, and have been true since ancient times. And Lin Yu further proposed that "the painter is also light", he still takes Wang Yi as an example, saying that Wang Yi's paintings have reached extraordinary achievements, Wang Yuanqi still has a slight remark about it, Huang Gongwang's painting achievements are known to the world, but Ni Zhan also accuses him of inadequacy. Lin Shu's implication is that no matter what kind of achievements a painter has, there will always be people who will find all kinds of faults. Therefore, lin shu opposed the view of the portal on the one hand, and at the same time privately admired one of the painting schools, especially wang Yi. For example, he praised Wang Yi and said: "Wang Shigu is called the green method, and it has been a wonderful thing for thirty years of meditation." However, if you can enter the Southern Sect with the green and green method of the Northern Sect, Then Shi Gu is really the first ancestor, and he can be said to be good at giving color. ”
bedchamber
Lin Shu spent thirty years to carefully appreciate Wang Yi's green landscape painting method, which shows the depth of his efforts, he believes that Wang Yi's green landscape is the leader of the North and South Sects, and Wang Yi's method is also the leader of the family: "The law can always be the head of all the families, And Shi Gu is also." For Hui Chong is Hui Chong, for Yan Wen Gui is Yan Wen Gui. As for its original appearance, it is still a mountain tree. Only it can be a mountain tree, so it can imitate each family, and there is no obstruction. If the beginner learns the new, the family does not succeed, and the movement is migrated, and eventually it cannot stand on its own and then stop. Yu had been in Xu Xiang's country, and saw Cha Yunyuan copying the major parents' scrolls. The volume is three long, and it is known that so-and-so learns. According to this, it is still the original face of the cloud valley. Stone valleys can change, but clouds cannot change ears. Husbands work to the clouds and are still like this, and the children born later can be more reserved and pragmatic Boye! ”
There was a shelf of books
Lin Shu claimed that the reason why he admired Wang Yi so much was because Shi Gu was able to enter and exit the painting theories of major families, and then gathered the strengths of all the families to create his own unique painting face. The same is true of his own painting philosophy, he believes: "All painters, it is easy to get the shape of the ancients, it is not easy to get the heavenly opportunities of the ancients; it is easy to get the rules of the ancients, and it is not easy to get the charm of the ancients." For example, so-and-so, exhausted and exhausted to learn the stone valley, the location of the water stone trees, there is no stone valley, and the spirit of the stone valley has nothing. The stone valley in the chest of this special craftsman's eyes has been tens of millions of miles to the stone valley. Whoever has the charm of heavenly chances purely depends on the learning of others to cultivate the chest. For example, Ou and Zeng learned Changli, and ask which one is Changli? Ni Gaoshi learned Beiyuan, and asked which one is Beiyuan? If you can't change, blindly seeking portraits is a carving puppet worker, not a painter. ”
Shelf bed
It seems easy to look like a god is difficult, Lin Shu said that a painter has been imitating Wang Yu's paintings all his life, and the way of imitation is not inferior to the original paintings, but Lin Shu believes that this kind of imitation does not have Wang Yi's charm at all, and then he gives an example that Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong learn Han Yu's brushwork on the article, but the reason why they became masters is because in Ou and Zeng's works, there is no Han Yu's poetry at all, and Ni Zhan learns Dong Yuan, and there is also no Dong Yuan brushwork, so to learn from the ancients, you must understand change, if you blindly pay attention to the shape, It loses the true meaning and interest of painting.
Ascend the stairs
Lin Shu himself did exactly this, he admired learning from Wang Shigu, but there was no trace of Shi Gu's painting style in his painting face, and Song Bolu had a poem praising Lin Shu: "Don't be alone with Ni Wang Cheng." Then Song said in a small note in this sentence: "Mr. Painting does not rely on the portal, but has the strength of the Southern and Northern Sects, Xiu Wei Tiancheng, for a while." In this way, Lin Shu's paintings really learned the essence of Wang Yi.
Presentation of the exhibition board
Lin Shu took Wang Yi as the object of pursuit, but also took nature as a teacher, for example, he said: "Lu Bao Mountain is steep and strong, the stone bones are exposed, and the people who come and go alone cannot be scholars." The painting method is more stone and less soil, high rock overlap, up to the sky and half, not reflected by clouds, it is a place where the power is superior. Unknown life has traveled to Wuyi or not? If it comes to Wuyi, then the stone is beautiful and beautiful, and there is no viciousness. By wuyi rocks more than the water, soaked in the color of forest light water, there are painters can not dream of people. Therefore, the ancient masters are not as good as the teachers, the learning power is reached, the luck is with the aura, and the self-improvement is in the divine product. ”
Images of Hayashi
Lin Shu took Lu Zhi as an example, he said that the mountain stones painted by Lu Zhi had a unique taste, and believed that Lu Zhi must not have been to Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, because the mountain stones here were definitely not the same as those painted by Lu Zhi, so he came to the concept that "the ancient masters are not as good as the teachers". It can also be seen that the main reason why the "Four Kings" houxue has been criticized by society is that these people only blindly imitate the works of the "Four Kings", and can neither taste the charm of the "Four Kings" paintings, nor take nature as a teacher, and cannot create more vivid paintings. However, Lin Shu can combine copying paintings with observing nature, so his paintings have their own facial charm. Unfortunately, in his time, people preferred his translations of foreign novels, and the fame of the text overshadowed his style in painting, as Zheng Xiaoxu said in the poem "Gifting Lin Qinnan in the Same Year":
The text is like BaoDan, and the pen is like ginger mortar. Every time an article is written, the whole world bows down.
Unyielding in life, liver and gallbladder cup of wine. Flocks of wild foxes, suddenly the lions roared.
Kyoshi runs to the competition, twilight cloud ugly? Fearful and fearful, axe book in the mouth.
Seclusion is more famous, and the party makes it thin and vulgar. If you push a barnyard official, you should not desecrate it.
Shu cai occasionally paints, and Ishitani resists. Also known as a painter, it is not advisable to hide his name.
Talked about his theory of painting
"Chun Jue Zhai on Painting"
On April 6, 2019, under the leadership of two teachers, Lin Yi and Lin Xing, we went to Lianzhai Community, Shuidu Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City to visit Lin Shu's former residence. Lin Shu's former residence is located in a residential building with a small square in the middle of these buildings, and there is a small pavilion in the square, and the banner "Celebrate the Spring Festival" hangs in front of the pavilion. There were several women in the small pavilion busy playing cards, and when I, the melon-eating masses, walked into the pavilion, they did not feel disturbed, and they were still immersed in the joy of playing cards. Lin Yi called the management of the former residence here, and soon a lady came up, and she warmly welcomed us into the courtyard of the former residence. When I entered the door, I noticed that there was a simple shed in front of the house, and the entrance here was engraved with the words "Ancient Temple Park". There is still a strong smell of incense here, and the staff explained to me how the area has changed.
A shadow wall was made in front of the main entrance of the former residence, and the middle of the shadow wall was printed with a "preface", on which was a brief biography of Lin Shu, who said that he was a "literary translator who did not understand foreign languages." ...... Open China's literary window to the world, spread the excellent culture of the West, and become the founder of China's literary translation. For his painting talent, there is only one sentence in the preface, "and Shan Danqing". It seems that his achievements in this regard still do not receive enough attention.
Painting rubbings
The other side of the exhibition hall
Lin translated the novel
The area of Lin Shu's former residence is very small, only once you enter the courtyard, the middle hall is placed with some green plants, which shows the crampedness of the discharge, but the main hall is quite tall, the boxes on both sides are placed with some old furniture, and in the corner of the bedroom there is a bookcase, which randomly places several new publications of Lin Shu's works. I noticed that the bookcase was sealed with plastic tape, thinking that I was afraid of the dampness of the book, and the staff explained to us the important position of Lin Shu in the history of novels as they walked.
Can you guess the later translation?
The Collected Works of Lin Shu
We ascended to the second floor, where lin shu's life was detailed in the form of a panel. It also mentions his "Chun Jue Zhai On Paintings", but mainly introduces Lin Shu's achievements in the translation of novels.
Panoramic view of the courtyard
Poor cat
The battle was fierce
Descending from the other side, it turned into a small backyard, which is now turned into a kitchen. There was a cat on a leash in the yard, and I asked the staff why she was tethering it here, and she said she was afraid that the cat would run away and there were rats, so she tied it up here to stick to her duties. Because we didn't bring any food with us when we entered the hospital, I couldn't soothe its hostile eyes.