Source: Longyan Municipal People's Government Network
Peitian Ancient Village is located in Xuanhe Township, Liancheng, and its building complex consists of 30 high-hall Chinese houses, 21 ancient ancestral halls and 6 academies, which are national key cultural relics protection units. In 2005, it was rated as "China's Famous Historical and Cultural Village", known as "Folk Forbidden City" and "Hakka Manor". Its profound cultural heritage and the Hakka spirit of "farming and reading", have achieved the glory of Peitian for 800 years. Composed of 30 high-hall Chinese houses, 21 ancient ancestral halls, six academies, two cross-street archways and a thousand-meter ancient street, it constitutes a close and orderly, staggered, scientific and rational layout of peitian ancient residential buildings, with distinct Ming and Qing architectural characteristics. The "Nine Halls and Eighteen Wells Structure", together with the Yongding Tulou and meixian waiya, is called the three major architectural wonders of Hakka.
Chinese the ancient village of Peitian
The scenic area of Wanyuan is 13.4 square kilometers
Honors China Historical and Cultural Village, National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit, China's Top Ten Most Beautiful Villages and Towns, National Aaaa-level Tourist Area, National Special Landscape Tourism Village
Open all day
Tickets cost 50 yuan
It is recommended to play for half a day - 1 day
Suitable for all seasons
Brief introduction
landscape
Peitian is located in xuanhe township, guanzhi mountain, beacon mountain, Wuyi mountain yumai three green mountains from north to south straight down here, like the embrace of three dragons; the five hills outside the village, like five tigers. The crystal clear heyuan stream surrounds the ancient architectural complex represented by the "Nine Halls and Eighteen Wells". The chic landscape and the layout of the ancient buildings make visitors feel that this is a beautiful manor without walls.
As early as the Ming and Qing dynasties, Peitian was a post station on the official road of Changting Liancheng County, and at the same time it was also a water and land transit station for daily necessities such as bamboo, wood, earth paper, salt and oil in TingzhouFu and Zhanglong Road. Xiang Chaoxing, an official of the Ministry of Posts and Communications of the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the title of "Zhi De Ju": "Lan Hui Xiu in the Court, Dust in the Outdoor City", which truthfully described the elegance in the peitian village court and the prosperity of the street market at that time. It is the environment and important geographical location of Peitian Zhong Lingyuxiu, as well as the long-term cultivation and diligence of the Hakka ancestors, that have enabled them to create Peitian's profound history and culture and unprecedented prosperity economy after hundreds of years of wind and rain, leaving a valuable ming and qing Dynasty hakka hometown architectural complex for future generations.
The Peitian Ancient Residential Complex consists of more than 30 high-hall Chinese houses, 2 l ancient ancestral halls, 6 ancient academies, 2 cross-street ancient archways and a kilometer ancient street. The "Enrong" archway at the mouth of the village stands majestically, which is the glory of Wu Bazhen, a peitian man who was specially given by the Guangxu Emperor to guard the imperial palace. It is in contrast to the "Le Charity and Charity" workshop set up by Wu Chang at the end of the village, showing the historical glory of Peitian's past in which wen and martial arts competed and accumulated good deeds and Yu Qing, and the military attaches of the village dismounted and the civilian officials got off the car. The slowly rotating water wheel on the side of the archway and the frequent hit of the water pillar are like an old man who has experienced vicissitudes, telling tourists about the hardships of the Peitian Hakka ancestors' entrepreneurship.
After passing the "Enrong" archway, you can see ancient buildings such as The Wenwu Temple, Yunxiao Nunnery, and Wenchang Pavilion with flying eaves. They are hidden in the ancient hibiscus maple, in front of the spring in front of the door there are purple magnolia, summer blooming bauhinia flowers, autumn chrysanthemums, winter to see the cold plum, the four seasons of the valley orchid fragrance, camphor white nan shade, goats, white orioles as companions, let people linger. Wenwu Temple on the Ancestors of Confucius, Lower Ancestral Martial Saints Guan Yu, Wenwu Tongmiao, known as the Hakka and famous at home and abroad. An iron bell of Yunxiao'an was cast by wu, zhong, lei and other five ancestors in the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli dynasty, and struck with wood and sounded for ten miles. Dr. Laugwen of the French Institute of Far Eastern Studies regards this as a study of the historical relics of the She-Han settlement. Climbing wenchang Pavilion, the breeze is refreshing, the stream is like practice, the yellow sand grains at the bottom of the creek can be counted, the fish in the water chase and play, and the smoke, rice, potatoes and vegetables on both sides of the strait are green and oily, so that tourists can walk into the glorious ancient village in the center of the beautiful scenery.
The residential group is represented by Dafudi, Yanqingtang, Guandian, etc., covering an area of more than 6,000 square meters, and is the famous "Nine Halls and Eighteen Wells". The "DafuDi" was named after the master Wu Changtong who was honored with the positions of Fengzhi Dafu and Zhaowu Dafu. It also takes the middle way of "good succession to the will of others, good at narrating people's affairs" and called "relay hall". The church was built in 1829, lasted eleven years, covers an area of eleven acres, and was completed in 1840. The hall is high and wide, and the banquet of 120 tables can not leave the house. Its design concept adheres to the traditional concept of "orderly and orderly, different primary and secondary", with vertical and horizontal orders, supporting halls and boxes, and separating the main body and annex. Ventilation, ventilation, drainage, sanitation, and the development of future generations are all included in the planning. Carving craftsmen, passed down from three generations, picking tea, selling fish, borrowing umbrellas, crossing sandalwood creek and other beam flowers, foliage flowers are allusions and auspicious. The beam-picking beam structure is called a world-class earthquake-proof building by Chinese and foreign experts for its characteristics of "wall falling down and not collapsing". Scientific layout planning, comfortable and comfortable functions, exquisite craftsmanship, so that a French architecture doctor three pro inspection, praised it is "the perfect combination of architectural technology and technology."
"Yanqing Hall" is a Ming Dynasty building. Its architectural structure is roughly the same as that of "Dafudi", but the lotus pond outside the door is winding, and the town of Shishiwei is in front of the door. A pair of doors and households, which is no different from the front of the Beijing Courtyard, reflects the inheritance of the Central Plains culture. "Door to door pair" contains yin and yang to compose Qiankun, and men and women compose humanities. Women are auspicious, Tian Ding watch is prosperous, men and women are harmonious, family business is prosperous, and Bandai is prosperous. Its concept is a metaphor for the central plains immigrants living in different places, and the prospect and pursuit of the clan melon in the middle of the group.
The "official hall" was originally called "big house", which was called "official hall" for Wu to receive past officials, and was said to have been built for Wu Chunxi to dig eight nests of gold cellars. It is a high wall, enclosed on all sides, and the wall is specially opened to a water zhen about three feet wide, which is dedicated to women to wash. The "official hall" belongs to the structure of "nine halls and eighteen wells", but the layout is a five-entry hall in the style of front pond and back pavilion. In the former, there was a moon pond, one took the meaning of water and fire; the second took the edge of "nine halls and eighteen wells, and the well water returned to the pond", which was similar to the Huipai building "Four Waters Returning to the Hall"; the three yu fat water did not flow to the outsiders' fields, and "the endless source of wealth rolled in". The inner and outer Yuping is particularly wide, and is set up for military attaches to dismount and civilian officials to stop. The outer door and the hall door cross-criticized "Karma Ji Zhiping" and "Doosan And Stand Together", expressing that the master not only has the ambition to inherit the previous generation's rule of the country and the world, but also has the wish to open the situation of humanistic martial arts competition after the opening. A pair of bluestone carved chisel tables were erected on the outer and inner sides, which were erected by Wu Yong and Wu Jian, who were nine years old in Qianlong. In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong, Ji Xiaolan, the general secretary of the Siku Quanshu, inspected the Tingzhou capital, heard that Xuanhe Peitian Village was known as the "hometown of Literature and Ink", and doubted whether the small mountain village had a vain name, so he secretly visited Peitian in the guise of a county teaching edict. After several twists and turns, he was finally struck by the plaques of the official halls such as "Ye Ji Zhi Ping", "Doosan And Zhi", "Jiao Teng Fengqi" and other plaques that ran through Changhong, as well as the solid cultural cultivation of the Peitian Hakka family. The "official hall" has a unique layout and exquisite design. The main hall sets up "Tai ranks", which have different constraints and regulations on officials of different levels, and unabashedly embody the strict feudal hierarchy. The partitions of the middle hall, "Danfeng Chaoyang", "Dragon Leaping Tiger Leap", "Prince Fulu" and "Peacock Opening Screen" are all nine-fold gilded through-carvings. The "Eight Treasures" and "Carp Jumping Dragon Gate" are gilded reliefs. The carvings between beams and columns and between the figurines are all double-sided hollow carvings. The craftsmanship is breathtaking. The back hall is the clan council chamber. The left and right flower halls are dedicated to the host's leisure meetings. The downstairs hall is the academy, and the upstairs hall is the library cabinet, which once contained more than 10,000 ancient books, but unfortunately it was burned during the Cultural Revolution. In the Battles of Wenfang and Songmaoling, where the Central Red Army advanced northward, the "Official Hall" became the headquarters of the Red Army, and Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Tan Zhenlin, Lin Biao, Luo Binghui, and others attended important military meetings here. The battle was over, and the Red Ninth Army set out. Peitian became a starting point on the eve of the Long March of the Red Army.
Bounded by that thousand-meter-old street, most of the ancestral shrines distributed on the inside are ancestral shrines. There are more than 30 ancestral shrines at the mouth of the village, including Tianyigong, Yinnangong, Guolonggong, Yueyanggong, Henggong, Jiugong, Zaichong, Weiyan, Le'an, Jinjiang, Nancun, Wengui, etc., and 21 are now relatively well preserved. The important architectural feature of the Peitian Ancestral Hall is that it attaches great importance to the structure of the gatehouse, which is said to be "three points hall and seven points of the door room". Bucket arches support stone pillar carved beams, flying cornices, An Hongmen painted colorful buildings, hanging gold character plaques, painted wooden wall paint paintings, extremely magnificent. For example, the "Henggong" Ancestral Hall and the "Jiugong" Ancestral Hall inheriting the French style of Beijing's Noonday Gate, its gongbi paintings of "Three Niangs Teaching Sons" and "Zhuangyuan Youjie" drawings, the lines are clear, the characters are vivid, and the tones are enduring, which can be called rare treasures. The sill outside the gate, the left side of the corridor is painted with a badger, and the right is painted with a unicorn, which means justice, auspiciousness and wealth. It reflects a spiritual pursuit of the Hakka.
In the peitian ancient architectural system, the college community is an important part. This is inseparable from the Peitian Hakka ancestors' emphasis on the two right paths of only cultivation and only reading, advocating the concept of "transferring articles and creating, and filial piety as a good map", embracing the ideal of transforming themselves with science and knowledge, transforming nature, being loyal to the country, and filial piety to maintain the family. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, in the small village of Peitian, the seventh ancestor Wu Zukuan cut wood and cut grass, founded the "Stone Hill Grass Hall", hired Xie Taoxi, who was born into a scholar, to "teach two or three disciples to read poetry books", and although the campus was small, it was "the ancestor of the thirteen fangs of Kaiheyuan". Due to the loyal and loyal ancestors of Peitian, the educational ideals and the spirit of perseverance in the succession of poems and books, the "Stone Hill Caotang" gradually expanded its building area and absorbed more students, coupled with its extensive and in-depth curriculum, making it eventually become the famous "Nanshan Academy". From the seventh year of Shunzhi to the thirty years of Qianlong, this academy has trained 191 talents, of which 19 have entered the shi, 7 have been officials to wupin, and the highest has reached sanpin. After inspecting the Ming Dynasty Military Department Shangshu Pei Yingzhang, he sighed with emotion and waved his pen to give the union: "Although it is a hundred miles away from Tingcheng Guo, it is the first to enter the hole gate wall." Zeng Ruichun, a Shuji of the Hanlin Academy, praised the Nanshan Academy and said: The Deer Cave Goose Lake where Zhu Xi taught is nothing more than that! At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Peitian Village, as the "Six Figures and Three Grades in Xuanheli", added the "Ten Times Mountain Academy", "Yunjiang Academy", "Ziyang Academy", "and other Heavenly Schools"; by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it developed into an educational situation represented by the "Nanshan Academy" and the "Ban ruotang" of Wu. In addition, the ancestors of Peitian did not neglect the inheritance of women's cultural education and folk practical skills. They also built the "Rong Knee Residence" and the "Bamboo Building". "Rong Knee Residence" became a three-dynasty clan women's school. In the rong knee dwelling, not only learn culture, but also "talk about the wind and the moon". The "Xiuzhu Lou" is mainly based on communication skills, and most of the exquisite clay, wood, carving, sculpture and shearing skills of Peitian ancestors originate here. Ji Xiaolan visited these academies accompanied by peitian literati Xiushi, and the central plains legacy of cultivating and reading heirlooms made him brush aside the heavy mountains in front of him, connect Peitian with the Forbidden City, and brandish the inscription "Boshui Feiying" plaque, becoming one of the thousand famous plaques in Peitian. It can be said that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many Peitian schools, complete functions, and strict systems, which were rare in the country. Famous teachers such as Xie Taoxi, Qiu Zhenfang, and Zeng Ruichun have cultivated hundreds of talents such as Wu Changtong, Wu Bazhen, and Wu Tun here.
Most of the ancient buildings in Peitian are located in the northwest and southeast, facing the pen frame in front and crouching tiger in the back, and are closely related to the political, economic, natural environment and mathematical concepts at that time. It not only adheres to the French style of the Ming Dynasty, but also compatible with the characteristics of the Central Plains, emblem style, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, open room, deeper depth, workmanship to pursue art and shape beauty, layout pays attention to comfort, comfort, and considers official and commercial uses. Interior decoration, while setting up open walls, leaky windows, flower beds, and fish ponds, pays attention to artistic beauty, and is also equipped with calligraphy and paintings that publicize Confucian culture and morality, creating a good environment for educating people, highlighting the four dimensions and eight virtues, emphasizing the rule of the village with virtue, and the maintenance of the family with virtue. Because of the scientific layout, exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship, the Peitian Ancient Building Complex has been praised by experts as "Folk Forbidden City" and "Chinese Hakka Architecture Wonder". It is the spiritual homeland of the Hakka ancestors in the travel of the hakka, it is the living library of China's humanities in recent hundreds of years, and it is the precious historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.