Tingzhou Guild Hall North Hall, No. 46 and No. 48, Ertiao, Long Lane outside the front gate (Photo by Xu Fei)
Located at No. 46 and No. 48, Ertiao, Changxiang, Qianmenwai, Tingzhou Guild Hall North Hall was jointly donated by Pei Yingzhang, a native of Qingliu, Fujian, and Shen Guanying, a yongding man, and is a test hall for people in Beijing from eight counties of Tingzhou (Changting, Qingliu, Ninghua, Liancheng, Naturalization, Shanghang, Wuping, and Yongding). In 1984, the North Hall of Tingzhou Guild Hall was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Beijing.
From the fourteenth to the fifteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1586-1587), Pei Yingzhang, a native of Qingliu County, who had been a Beijing official for more than twenty years, and Shen Guanying, a native of Yongding County, witnessed that all the counties in Fujian had guild halls in Beijing, but the Tingzhou government did not have a situation, and felt deeply responsible for creating a guild hall to provide a place for many children from Tingzhou to come to Beijing to take the exam. So he took the lead in donating salaries, and invited 40 or 50 people from Jingting Prefecture to donate funds to buy an old house from shi Yiren, a resident of the east of Ertiao Hutong Road in Changxiang, and establish the Tingzhou Guild Hall.
The old house has been renovated and renovated. It contains four buildings, the front building is called "Lu Cui Tang", which is used for the townspeople to gather and stay; the middle building is dedicated to the gods of the city; the west building is used as an official house, which is the residence of the management; and the back building is smaller and used as a kitchen. The re-engraving of the "Tingzhou Guild Hall Stele" says: Wanli Chengjiao, Yu and Bibu Guanying Shen Junmou: I two people were fortunate to be served in the same dynasty, detained in Beijing for twenty years, the lack of the guild hall is also, then the two of us according to their responsibilities, is to donate a number of money, the time is the right time to compare the later plans to choose and the various Cao Si Shi Ju du no less than forty or fifty generations, people Xian Yun Zi Ju ye, but also each of them to help a number of funds, that is, Bu De in The People of Beijing to give a benevolent living room... The inscription also records the history of the Tingzhou Guild Hall occupied by the magnate in the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1644), and li Xuanyan recovered the guild hall in the early Qing Dynasty, and purchased the left and right houses for reconstruction and the reconstruction during the Daoguang years: the old pavilion was created in the former Ming Pei Shangshu Tanquan and Shen Participated in the government guanying two dukes, and was occupied by the magnate during the Ding Revolution. At the beginning of the country, Li Xuanyan's public quality official posthumously recovered, and he continued to buy left and right houses to rebuild the main hall and the east courtyard house, and the scale gradually expanded. Dao Guangnian also remodeled the West Courtyard house...
According to the "Minzhong Guild Hall Zhi Tingzhou Guild Hall", in the third year of the Qing Dynasty (1911), the Tingzhou North Hall was privately pawned by a villager for 800 taels of silver to the Jin family. In the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), the townships discussed raising funds to repair the museum, and in the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), the guild hall was redeemed, and the house in Qingyun Lane was rebuilt in February, and the west courtyard was rebuilt in April.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the Eight Counties of Tingzhou in Fujian Province was established, with the Tingzhou Guild Hall as the venue. In addition to safeguarding the legitimate rights of fellow villagers in Beijing, the township association also exercises democratic management over the guild hall, holds regular meetings twice a year, reports on the affairs of the guild hall, and lists and announces the amount of income and expenditure of rent collected, payment for house repairs, and other expenses. Every two years, five to seven directors are elected, and then one of the directors is elected as the chairman of the board of directors to preside over the daily affairs. As a result, the clan building has been properly maintained. After the 1950s, the Tingzhou Guild Hall (North Hall) was converted into a residential building. In 2002, the former Chongwen District Government and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage invested in the relocation and comprehensive repair project.
The north hall of Tingzhou Guild Hall is exquisite in architecture and unique in shape, and is a rare Type of Minyue style architecture in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty. The building sits northeast to southwest and is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The middle courtyard is the main courtyard, with one door along the street and five upside-down children's rooms. The main room has five rooms, and the roof of the hard hill is clear and clear, and the tile roof was originally the ancestral hall of the guild hall, which is dedicated to the queen of heaven and the ancestors of the guild hall. The ancestral hall architecture is exquisite, the beams and pillars and doors and windows are all made of Jiangnan high-quality fir wood, the roof slope is gentle, the front porch is rear, the corridor is decorated with one-color flower lattice roller shutters carved doors and windows, the roof of the corridor is exposed to tomorrow flowers, the elephant trunk rafters are carved, the pointed beams have double pictographic Shu pillars, and the beam head is carved out of the animal patterns such as pegasus and sacred cow. The overall building is exquisitely carved, slightly painted, the tone is plain, the image is realistic, the longlong is clear, and it is very exquisite. There are three east and west wing rooms, and the tiles cross the ridge. There are two courtyards in the east and west across the courtyard.
Tingzhou Guild Hall South Hall is another hometown test hall established in Beijing by Tingzhou Travelers in Beijing after the Tingzhou North Pavilion in Fujian Province, located at No. 62, Changxiang Toutiao, Qianmen Street, and No. 43, Changxiang Ertiao, Qianmen Street. In 2013, the South Hall of Tingzhou Guild Hall was announced as a census registration project for cultural relics in Dongcheng District.
According to the 1943 "Minzhong Guild Hall Chronicle", the Tingzhou South Pavilion was much inferior to the North Pavilion, and at that time, because the North Pavilion was slightly narrow and not enough to live, it was equivalent to the vassals of the North Pavilion and more dependents of the Beijing officials.
The south hall of the Tingzhou Guild Hall has a main hall, and the plaque in the hall reads "The second year of xuanun in the south of the temple", but because of the rental of the building, the plaque has been relocated and lost. There are many links in the south hall of the Tingzhou Guild Hall, among which there is a yanglian sentence that conceals the four words of "Tingzhou Guild Hall", the upper link is: "Tingpu Youchun, Huiwen Xiuyi"; the lower link: "State Draft, Pavilion Scholar".
The building of the guild hall sits northeast and faces southwest, which is a main courtyard with two spans on both sides, and both front and back enter the courtyard. There is one gate along the street, three in the west and five in the east. There are three main halls in the middle of the main road, with tiles crossing the ridge, and the front eaves are swallow corridors. Suiliang is a double elephant ear Shu pillar, and the head of the beam has a variety of carvings such as pegasus and sacred cows. The original hall enshrined the statue of Wenqu Star carved from hardwood, as well as the "Shadow Tiannan" plaque, stone carvings and other cultural relics, which have been lost today. The rest of the rooms have been remodeled to some extent. The original back door and the face of the inverted house have been renovated, and the original words "Tingzhou Guild Hall" on the front of the door are no longer there.
In modern times, Tingzhou Guild Hall has also been a meeting place for democratic revolutionary activities. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Hakka liu yingkui and Lei Huanyou who were in Beijing lived here and actively participated in the Xinhai Revolutionary Movement. In 1931, in the Tingzhou Guild Hall, underground party members also secretly connected here (according to Wang Kechang's "Recounting the Revolutionary Activities of Xuannan").
Text and some of the image sources:
Chinese The Beijing Municipal Committee of the Political Consultative Conference
Organized and compiled the volume of "Old Beijing Narrative · Beijing Guild Hall"
"Tingzhou Guild Hall with Characteristics of Mindi"
Written in 2019
The author, Liu Wenfeng, is the Beijing Institute of Ancient Architecture
Associate Research Librarian
Some of the image sources:
Searching for the Ancient Visit YouChat Public Account (Invasion and Deletion)
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