The story of "Water Margin" begins in March of the third year of Song Renzong Jiayou, when the epidemic of Jingshi was epidemic, there was no good medicine to cure, and many soldiers and civilians died. The historical Jiayou Three Years (1058 AD) was really as the plague was rampant as written by the Water Margin. In fact, in the history of Jiayou three years, there is no record of plague at all, Guotai Min'an. That is to say, the great plague of Jiayou's three years is the great plague that the author of "Water Margin" experienced, transferred flowers and trees, to the Song Dynasty, as the wedge of the story of "Water Margin".
It is said that Emperor Renzong followed the advice of zhao zhe and counselor Wen Yanbo, and sent The Former Emperor Hongxin as an angel to longhu mountain in Xinzhou, Jiangxi, and asked Zhang Zhenren, the heavenly master of the Han Dynasty, to quickly enter the capital and cast a spell to eliminate disasters and protect the people. On the Dragon Tiger Mountain, Hong Xin, out of curiosity, used his power to open the "Voldemort Hall" and released 108 demon kings.
Hongxin released the Demon King in the third year of Emperor Renzong of Song (1058) and rebelled against Song Jiang in the first year of Emperor Huizong of Song (1119), a difference of 61 years. If the demon king immediately reincarnates, to be able to rebel, has been fifty or sixty years old, so contradicts the character design in the Water Margin at the age of twenty or thirty, so the author inserts two characters Zhao Zhe and the political participation Wen Yanbo, there is no zai zhao zhe in history, but there is zai xiang Wen Yanbo, then who is Zhao Zhe, in fact, Zhao Zhe is Song Zhezong, the emperor of the Great Song dynasty is surnamed Zhao, so it is called Zhao Zhe, Song Zhezong is the emperor, Wen Yanbo is the prime minister, and the two are on the team, so wen Yanbo is called participating in politics, so the time is moved back to the Song Zhezong period. The Demon King was released during the Song Zhezong period, and after reincarnation, the Rebellion on Liangshan was almost twenty or thirty years old, and the author arranged this arrangement to take into account Jiayou for three years and solve the age problem of the Demon King's rebellion.
The earliest song rebellion was written into the novel is "The Great Song Xuan and Testament", only nearly 3,000 words, occupying a small space, it can be said that it is only a little bit of talk, indicating that there was a song jiang uprising at that time. "Water Margin" is based on the "Great Song Xuan and Testament", the big story framework is consistent, the cause is from Hua Shi Gang, wisdom to take the birthday gang, Song Jiang killed, all the head privately let Song Jiang escape, the Nine Heavenly Xuan Lady Lady gave Song Jiang three volumes of heavenly books, thirty-six people Liangshan Juyi, Hu Yanzhuo led the official army to conquer Liangshan Po, after the defeat returned to liangshan troops, accepted zhao'an, served the imperial court, Song Jiang and others beat Fang La, some people made meritorious contributions. Therefore, the original "Water Margin" only has seventy times, the story begins with Song Jiang, and the author uses seventy times to vividly describe the story of three thousand words. "Great Song Xuan and Testament" is a work of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the creation of "Water Margin" was pushed to the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Heavenly Master of the Han Dynasty is the title given by Kublai Khan to the thirty-sixth generation of Heavenly Master Zhang Zongyan, which means that Longhu Mountain has been inherited from generation to generation since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Dao vein is long. Since then, the Sihan Tianshifu has become the official name of the Dragon Tiger Mountain Tianshifu. "History of the Yuan" volume 25: 壬午, the thirty-ninth generation of the Han Dynasty Heavenly Master Zhang Sicheng Taixuan auxiliary body Renying Dao Dazhen, the main leader of the Three Mountains Rune, in charge of Jiangnan Daoist affairs. The author of Water Margin also directly put this conventional usage after the Yuan Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. The appearance of the SiHan Tianshi pushed the era of Water Margin writing to the Yuan Dynasty.
Modern research shows that the "Water Margin" was written in the Ming Dynasty, and many institutions were owned by the Ming Dynasty, such as DongchangFu was first established in the first year of the Ming Dynasty Hongwu (1368), YanzhouFu was established in the eighteenth year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1385), Lu'an Fu was founded in the eighth year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1529), and Yuzhou was founded in the third year of the Ming Dynasty Wanli (1575).
Whether "Water Margin" was written in the Ming Dynasty or not needs to be addressed at the critical time of "Jiayou Three Years". Since the author knows that the time arrangement of Jiayou's three years is not appropriate, and forcibly inserts the Song Zhezong period instead of directly writing Shaosheng three years, what does the author mean by setting this up? The Song Dynasty had the Jiayou Nian name, the Ming Dynasty had the Jiajing Nian name, Jiayou and Jiajing were only one word apart, was Jiayou Jiajing? Looking at the history, in the second and third years of Jiajing, there was no plague in Beijing, but there was a great plague in Nanjing. History of The Ming Dynasty. Five Elements. The "Disease Epidemic" records that in July of the second year of Jiajing, the Nanjing epidemic, the military and civilian deaths were very large, which is connected with the description of the great plague at the beginning. Since it happened in the second year of Jiajing, it is written that Jiayou is the second year, how to change it to Jiayou three years, the problem lies in the three years of Jiayou on the Dragon tiger mountain to ask the Han Heavenly Master Zhang Zhenren to pave the way. During the Jiajing period, there was indeed a famous Taoist monk Shao Yuanjie on Longhu Mountain, and the Qing Palace Daguanyuan on Longhu Mountain was a member of the same family. Jiajing was enlisted in Beijing for three years, and shizong Jiana was said to be "the head of the establishment of the sect", and Jiajing was ordered to worship the rain and snow for four years. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing, he was given the title of "Jing Delicate Ji Shou Meditation True Condensation Yuan Yan Fan Zhi Mo Bingcheng Zhi Zhenren", and gave him a crown dress with jade belts, and he also made meritorious contributions to his prayer for the crown prince. Pray to the Rebbe Shangshu and give him a pin of civilian official clothes. Jiayou asked Zhang Tianshi to lead Jiajing to the capital for the three-year conquest of Shao Yuan. That's why it's time to keep Jiayou for three years. Many modern scholars also tend to write "Water Margin" during the Jiajing period, but the opinions are not unified and the evidence is not sufficient.
The book was written in the year of Jiajing is controversial, let's see if it is possible to write a wanli year. This assumption is absurd on the surface, but it is not impossible. Since Yuzhou was established in the third year of the Wanli Calendar, the upper limit of the writing age of the "Water Margin" could not exceed the three years of the Wanli Calendar. Looking at the circulation of "Water Margin", if "Water Margin" was written in the Jiajing period and Guo Xun was published and published, Li Zhuowu could not have asked Jiao Zhu for the newly published "Water Margin" in the eighteenth year of the Wanli Calendar, because Li Zhuowu was an official in Beijing during the Jiajing period, and it was impossible not to know about such a work as water margin, so "Water Margin" could not have been written during the Jiajing period, but could only be written in the Wanli period. How to determine the time when the "Water Margin" was written, in fact, the "Preface" of the Tiandu Foreign Minister clearly told Meng Dong in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar, that is, the Tiandu Foreign Minister wrote the "Water Margin" in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar and wrote a preface for it. Who is the foreign minister of Tiandu, and the Wild Harvest Compilation once said that the "Water Margin" engraved by Xin'an in the Wanli Dynasty was a copy of Guo Xunben. The Xin'an inscription is preceded by a preface written by Wang Taihan (Daokun) in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Dynasty. Why did Wang Taihan write the "Preface" for the "Water Margin", because Wang Taihan and Jiao Hu were teachers and friends, and in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar, he composed the "Tomb Inscription of the Ming Dynasty Wu Yi General Flying Horse Jiao Cemetery", that is, Wang Taihan finished reading the "Water Margin" and wrote the "Preface" for him. Four years later, Wang Taihan died, at this time the "Water Margin" had not yet been printed, and the "Preface" was preserved. If Wang Taihan had not died, this "Preface" would not have been able to sign the name of Tiandu Foreign Minister, let alone print it. "Water Margin" is a rebellious novel, with great fanfare advocating loyalty to a gang of murderous robbers, which is incompatible with the Confucian thought of the time, and Wang Taihan's situation can be imagined. Why is it said that "Water Margin" has been written at this time, because only when it is written, can the preface be written, and an evaluation of the author's writing process and the content of the book is evaluated, if the book is not written, the preface cannot be written.
"Water Margin" was written in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar, so who is the author? The book tells that Hongxin wanted to forcibly open the Voldemort Hall, and the Dao Commander was very anxious and anxious, afraid to let go of the Demon King, but he was jealous of Hongxin's power and was forced to open the door of the Great Hall, but the hall was coincidentally engraved with the four big characters of "Open in the Face of The Flood". Ostensibly, Hong arrived as expected and opened the lid to let go of the Demon King. In fact, there is no such person in the history of Hongxin, and he is a fictional character. Why is it faith, and it is faith as expected, such as the tide of faith. Why is it Hong, because Hong opened the Voldemort Hall, and the Water Margin began, so "Hong" is the author of "Water Margin". During the Jiajing Wanli period, the southern literati related to "Hong" could only write the "Water Margin" by Jiao Zhu, who had the anxiety of the monks before and the letter of Hong (竑) to open the door.
Jiao Zhu (1540-1620), also known as Hou Weak, was born in Jiangning (present-day Nanjing), whose ancestral home was Rizhao, Shandong (present-day Dahuaya Village, Xihu Town, Donggang District, Zhaoshi), and lived in Nanjing. Regarding the relocation to Nanjing, Jiao Hu said in the "Book with the Rizhao Sect": "My ancestor Wuluo Duke stayed in Nanjing as an official since the beginning of the country, and has been in Nanjing for more than two hundred years! Between Virtue and Jing, hunger and epidemic are still in phase, and one door is withered, leaving only my father riding a lieutenant. "Jiao Zhu family hereditary military industry, family conditions should not be bad, and lived in Nanning for one or two hundred years, the population should be quite a lot, in the plague of Jiajing two years, Jiao Zhu's whole family died only Jiao Zhu's father, which shows the severity of this plague." Although Jiao Hu did not experience this plague, through his father's narration, he remembered the plague deeply, and only then did he have the beginning of "Water Margin" to talk about the plague. Jiajing invited Shao Yuanjie, but he was unable to suppress the plague, so Jiao Hu used this to satirize the emperor and Shao Yuanjie, which was very reactionary.
Jiao Hu studied with inspector Yu Shi Geng in Nanjing, and then questioned Luo Rufang for advice. Participated in the Jiajing forty-three years of township examinations and fell off the list. Geng Directing selected fourteen well-known people from the county to study at Chongzheng College and appointed Gong as their head. When Geng Zhi resigned and returned to his hometown, He followed him back to the township. In the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1589), he would try beijing, and he would obtain the title of Zhongzhuangyuan, and be awarded the title of Hanlin Academy, and the eldest son of the Emperor. At this time, Jiao Hu was in Beijing, lecturing to the eldest son of the emperor, and there was a foreign minister of Tiandu who wrote the "Preface" in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar.
In the summer of the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar, monk Wu Nian was entrusted by Li Zhen to go to Beijing to meet with Jiao Hu and make an assessment of the feasibility of Li Zhen's hair going to Beijing to live. After Wu Nian returned to Longhu Lake, he said that he was "not idle physically and mentally", which made Li Zhen dispel the idea of entering Beijing, so he had to "plan and live here, and live on the Dragon Lake with Wu Nian, Fengli, and the near city." ...... I had the idea of being on the lake, and I only owed fifty gold to repair a small tower, and I would move it in the winter. "Fu Jiao Weak Hou". In the above-mentioned letter, Li Zhen did not forget to ask Jiao Hu for the newly published "Water Margin", because he "had no desire for thoughts". Was "Water Margin" published at this time? No, this is just Jiao Zhen finished writing, Li Zhen can't wait to see it. Why is it that "Water Margin" was not published, because until now there is no copy of "Water Margin" from the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar. Some people have verified that Guo Xun published it for the first time, which is also the name of Guo Xun, Guo Xun is Wu Dinghou, he has the courage to produce such a reactionary book, and also wrote his own name, indicating that this version is not published by Wu Dinghou at all, or this version was published later. Monk Wu Nian traveled from Hubei to Beijing in the summer and returned to bring the Water Margin and the Preface he had written to Li Yan.
Wan Li 25 presided over the Shuntianxiang Examination, and the articles of nine people, including Cao Fan, were treacherous and vain, and He was impeached and demoted to The Tongzhi of Funing Prefecture (present-day Xiapu County, Fujian). At the end of the year, the performance appraisal was carried out, and the position was demoted to another level, so he was no longer an official.
Why did Jiao Hu have the courage and ability to write Water Margin and not others? This requires the analysis of the focal stick to see if it is qualified.
First, Jiao Zhu is a champion, and the writing can control the "Water Margin".
Second, Jiao Zhu is a southerner and is not familiar with the north, so every time he writes about the north, regardless of geographical location or climate change, he writes it incorrectly, and it is very accurate to write about the south.
Third, "Water Margin" is seriously rebellious and radical, representing the ideological trend at that time. At that time, the most powerful idea was the Heart School founded by Wang Yangming, and Jiao Gang was a disciple of the Heart School, with strong personal characteristics and anti-traditional colors, and was ridiculed as "Crazy Zen" with the ideological basis for writing "Water Margin".
4. Jiao Hu was closely related to Wang Daohan, Zhang Fengyi, Tang Xianzu, Wang Tingxuan and other opera scholars. Wang Tingzhuan created and adapted "The Lion's Roar" mixed with the legend, inspired by Jiao Zhen. Jiao's ten-year commentary on the Wanli Dynasty "The Tale of the North and West Chambers" pioneered the evaluation of opera. Jiao's father-in-law, Zhu Ding, was a well-known opera composer who wrote the legendary "Jade Mirror Platform", and there is no evidence whether Jiao Zhu wrote opera, but he was very proficient in opera.