Mussolini did not have a clear goal at first. Later, when he tried to find his ideal job, he was rejected everywhere and had to work part-time to survive.
Life in Switzerland is tough. Mussolini worked as a mason, porter, seafarer, cook, and he could do whatever he could, but it didn't last long. Sometimes he couldn't find a job and would starve. Mussolini is said to have made a living begging and looting food. Mussolini later recalled: "I knew what it was like to be hungry, but I neither borrowed nor begged, but relied on my own labor to maintain a minimum standard of living." Influenced by my father, I focused on the social sciences." In his spare time, he often took courses in political economy and philosophy at the University of Lausanne to improve his analytical and judgmental skills.
Mussolini, however, often attended local mass gatherings and once spoke in public. A careless remark offended the Swiss authorities and led to his deportation. Shortly after his return to Italy, Mussolini, with the help of his friends, got a job at the Italian Socialist-run Future in Lausanne, became a reporter for the newspaper, and began his career as a journalist. In addition to writing articles for the newspaper, he helped the newspaper with some organizational work.
After two years in the army, he returned to Switzerland and lived a wandering life. He sometimes wrote articles for Italian and Swiss newspapers and from time to time spoke openly about socialism and international politics, which was supported by many. Later, he was expelled from Switzerland for a second time because of his public attacks on church forces.
Mussolini was forced to move to Austria after being deported from Switzerland, where he met the famous Italian nationalist Battisti. He worked as an assistant editor at the People's Daily, founded by Battisti, and published an article advocating the secession of the Trento region from Austria and its return to Italy. As a result, he was arrested and imprisoned by the Austrian authorities and eventually deported.
Mussolini returned to Italy and lived in his father's blacksmith shop, reading and entertaining every day. The outside of the house is narrow and noisy. He is still reading political economy and social sciences. Under the guidance and influence of his father, Mussolini officially joined the Italian Socialist Party in 1908 and was soon elected secretary of the Frei Provincial Party by the Socialist Party.
When Mussolini was elected secretary of the Frei Provincial Party Committee, he realized that in order to "revolution", he had to create public opinion, and in order to achieve a cause, he had to mobilize the masses. Without the support of the masses, he achieved nothing. He was determined to run a newspaper in preparation for public opinion. Thus, Mussolini used his power and through his own efforts to establish a newspaper called Class Struggle, the weekly magazine Class Struggle, which has become one of the most dynamic and influential publications in the Party. But soon after, Mussolini was arrested and sentenced to five months in prison for publishing articles and encouraging demonstrations in a weekly class struggle against the government's invasion of Libya. But in this way, Mussolini's prestige was greatly enhanced.
In 1912, the Italian Socialist Party held a national congress in Lesomilia. Mussolini was the focal point of the meeting. Many consider him an Italian hero. The once-repressed right wing lost its strength and was replaced by the left wing. Mussolini was elected editor-in-chief of the Forward newspaper in November because of his eloquence, thus grasping the power of public opinion in the Socialist Central Party newspaper.
Mussolini, 29, became more ambitious after taking control of The Forward and began a new personal struggle. Under his leadership, the Forward Daily soon underwent major changes. The circulation of newspapers suddenly increased to more than 100,000 copies, and the economic situation changed dramatically. The number of party members also increased from 50,000 to 150,000, making Mussolini famous. He greatly admired the French revolutionary Denton, especially his famous speech "In order to defeat the enemy, we must be brave, brave again!" ”。 Therefore, he always spoke at rallies in memory of the revolutionary. At one rally, attendance decreased, most of them by radicals. After waiting for half an hour, he stepped up to the stage with an angry expression and said: "Unlike the Italian Socialist Party, Denton's party members only talk about revolution and refuse to be pragmatic. Some conservative members of the Italian Socialist Party founded the Communist Party under the influence of the bourgeois pursuit of fame and fortune. Mussolini was very angry about this. Thus, at the Socialist Congress in Ancona, Mussolini's proposal that the Socialist Party and the Freemasons could not be merged was adopted.
In 1914, we saw the haze of the First World War. But Mussolini's small family still lived a relatively quiet life. His wife, Raquel, was a virtuous lady. She patiently and sincerely shared the happiness and hardships with her husband. Daughter Ida Ciano is the "seed of happiness" for their family. Mussolini said: "I don't need anything. My life was just a terrible struggle. My home is my only sweet and quiet comforter, like an oasis in the desert. ”
Before the war in Europe, there were political disputes everywhere. Italy was in rapid chaos. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Italy entered the imperialist stage. In the militarily and economically weak Italian imperialism, justice sought to counter imperialism in strength, flexibility between countries and groups and the use of contradictions between them made them aware of their aggressive expansion aims. In 1911, war broke out between Italy and Turkey and occupied Tripoli and Siliniga, as well as the Dolce d'Orcan Islands. The Italian ruling clique fought for several years and wars against labor
The exploitation of the people aroused opposition from the broad masses, and in the face of the brutal repression of the ruling class, riots broke out, uprisings were everywhere, and the anti-reformists in the whole party prevailed. Bissolati and Bonomi were the most outspoken proponents of the plunder war and those who advocated cooperation with the government, which they expelled from the party in 1912. On 8 June 1914, at the call of the Socialist Party and the Confederation of Trade Unions, a general strike was launched to protest the shooting of three workers who had taken part in anti-imperialist demonstrations by the Ancona police.
Mussolini was good at navigating the winds, initially trying to remain neutral in the European war. "Italy's greatest responsibility lies in narrowing the scope of the war. Therefore, it should be absolutely neutral and not a lackey of Germany and Austria. But in November, Mussolini saw the allies grow in strength, and the situation was not favorable to Germany and Austria. Therefore, without consulting with other Socialist leaders, he wrote an article entitled "From Absolute Neutrality to Active Neutrality", advocating that Italy strengthen its war preparations. He told the Socialists: "Not all wars should be opposed, and wars are also good for the revolution." He advocated that Italy join the Allies and fight Germany. "Germany is the root of all rebellion, shame and betrayal," he said. Mussolini's proposition contradicted the attitude of the Socialist Central Committee against war at that time.
Subsequently, the Italian Socialist Party held a meeting in Milan. Mussolini boldly said on the stage: "From now on, I have differences with those who dare not speak and do not advocate war. "Everyone was ready before he said anything. Now after hearing these words, he was even angrier and shouted in despair: "Kill him!" Kill him! Mussolini looked at the hostile crowd and was furious. Then he broke the water bottle on the table as a sign of rest. A few days later, the Central Committee of the Socialist Party announced the expulsion of Mussolini and the dismissal of the editor-in-chief of the Forward Daily. From then on, Mussolini parted ways with the Socialist Party and embarked on the road to the establishment of a fascist party.
Contradictory.
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