Author: Pan Bian, Pan Xiaogang, Fan Ting, Jinshan Fruit Industry Service Department, Tianjiazhuang Town, Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province
Peach borer borer, commonly known as borer heartworm, also known as heart-eating insect, leopard striped borer, peach spot borer, belongs to the scaly order, moth family. It mainly harms the fruits of apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and other fruit trees.
(1) Adult worms. The body is yellow, the body length is 9-14 mm, and the wingspan is 20-25 mm. The forewings have 25–28 black spots and the 4fts have 10–15. The male has a black abdomen.
(2) Eggs. It is milky white at the beginning of birth, turns orange-red after 2-3 days, and is reddish-brown before hatching, oval, about 0.6 mm long, with a rough surface and a reticulated line.
(3) Larvae. The head is dark brown, the back of the body is dark red, the body length is 22-27 mm when mature, and the body segments have coarse brown hairs. There are 4 hairy patches on the back of each segment of the abdomen, the first two are larger and the back two are smaller.
(4) Pupae. Yellow-brown, 13–15 mm long, with 1 row of small spines on the anterior margin of 5–7 segments on the abdomen, 6 slender curved barbs at the end of the abdomen, cocoon gray-brown.
Peach borers feed on the flesh and young kernel fruit of the borer moths. After the fruit is damaged, the outside of the borer hole is piled with yellow-brown transparent colloid and reddish-brown insect dung, and there is insect feces on the side of the flesh, and the two fruits are most susceptible to moths. The young fruits of the victims cannot develop normally, and often change color and fall late or swell.
Peach borer occurs in 2-3 generations a year in Weibei and Guanzhong regions of our province, and the algebra occurs in different places due to the influence of climatic conditions, nutritional status and individual calendar periods. Old mature larvae overwinter in bark cracks, zombie fruit, and fruit dumps, warehouses, etc.
The following year pupates, feathers, and lays eggs. Adults lie dormant on the leaf back during the day and feather, mate, feed and lay eggs at night. There is phototropism, strong chemotaxis, like to lay eggs on the fruit surface of dense branches and leaves, where the two fruits are connected, and the eggs are scattered, and 2-3 eggs are laid on each fruit. The hatching larvae first spit silk at the base of the stem and pedicle to eat the peel, and slightly larger moth from the base of the stem into the flesh.
Larvae can be fruit-turning hazards. Nymphs are 5 years old and mature after about 18 days, and the old mature larvae form cocoons in the gaps of branches and at the junction of the two fruits. Pupae feather into adults over 8 days or so. High temperature, high humidity and rainy periods are more harmful.
(1) Agricultural control. In the spring, the old bark of the fruit tree is thoroughly scraped and burned in a concentrated manner, reducing the pest base and reducing the harm of larvae. Before April, the straw of other parasitic crops such as sunflower, corn, sorghum and castor was treated by hoeing, boiling and burning, etc., so as to eliminate overwintering larvae and lower the population base of insects.
(2) Physical prevention and control. Before fruit harvesting, the trunk of the tree is embroidered, and the adult phototropism is used, and in the initial stage of adult feathering, black light or sweet and sour liquid is set up in the peach orchard to trap the adult insects to reduce the amount of eggs in the orchard.
(3) Protect and utilize natural enemies such as red-eyed bees and yellow-eyed alien bees to control the occurrence of peach borers.
(4) Chemical control. Spray 2-3 times of each adult feathering spawning stage in late May to early June, mid-to-late July, mid-to-late July, and first generation egg stage, respectively, spray 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid or 10% cypermethrin emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid or 4.5% high efficiency cypermethrin emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid or 2.5% kung fu emulsion 2500-3000 times liquid or 20% succine suspension 2000 times liquid or 2000 times of bellicidal suspension, respectively. Spray 2 times in a row, with an interval of about 7-10 days in between. The above alternate use has a significant effect.
(5) Peach fruit is cultivated in a full set of bags.
(6) Artificial removal of insect fruits. Combined with artificial fruit thinning and fruit fixing, the fruit of the ground worm is often picked up and removed, and it is immersed in water to drown the larvae, which can reduce the source of insects.