This history took place at the time of human origin, and today there is a saying in anthropology that the ancestors of human beings all over the world came out of Africa. At first glance, this may be a bit ridiculous, and we can count with our fingers: there are Zhoukoudian ape people in Beijing, that is, we often call "Beijing people"; there are Hemudu ape people in Zhejiang, and there are Banpo ape people in Shaanxi, which of these civilizations is not full of historical materials, Chinese why can't we recognize Chinese ape people as ancestors?
In fact, the reason why experts think about it is based on an objective fact that is very easy to understand. Take a few simple examples: dogs and wolves, the same canine family, can produce offspring, generation after generation, while foxes that can theoretically do the same can not - even if they give birth to offspring, these cubs will not be able to reproduce the next generation. Similarly, there are lions and tigers, horses and donkeys, horses and donkeys, mules, etc., which shows that even if these animals look similar in appearance, they have a lot of genetic commonalities, and they are subspecies of the same animal, but there are still substantial differences between them, which is "reproductive isolation".
Historically, many scientists have also tried very heavy tastes and tried everything to cultivate "new species". In the 1920s, an academic tycoon named Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov in the Soviet Union was said to have "created" the awkward species of "zebra donkey" by pulling hard and pulling. You know, strictly speaking, the domestic donkey and zebra we are familiar with today are not the same species at all. Even more distraught, ivanov, who had succeeded, actually tried to match chimpanzees and humans, but fortunately, he never succeeded. This proves the fact that monkeys orangutans are indeed quite similar to humans in some ways, but there is not only reproductive isolation between humans and other primates, but this separation is not generally strong.
We return to the main topic, experts put this problem on the human body: there are four major human races in the world, if you want to subdivide, the number of "subspecies" under the major human races is uncountable, even in countries with a slightly larger territory, people in the east, west, south and north can be divided into several kinds, so why does the phenomenon of reproductive isolation between human beings do not exist? Is it just because it is after a long period of development that the human races around the world have truly achieved great integration, and even if there was reproductive isolation before, it has gradually been broken?
It turned out that when the famous "Peking Man Skull" was unearthed in 1929, the history of mankind with conclusive data to follow was suddenly pushed to 700,000 years ago. You know, before that, the mainstream of academic circles believed that human history was less than 10,000 years. However, the German archaeologist Franz Weidenrich, who was in charge of the study of Pekingese at the time, also known as Wei Dunrui, raised a confusing question: normal people have a head, but there are 4 arms and legs; if you want to calculate this, the ratio of skull to limb bone should be about 1:4. However, the proportion of the two bones unearthed by archaeologists is much lower than this number.
Wei Dunrui made some speculations about this problem: either the staff was careless and only brought the skull back, but ignored the arm bones and leg bones; or the longer arm bones and leg bones were washed away by the water, and the round skull was preserved; or some beasts destroyed other bones as food, but the skull that was not very good to mouth survived. In addition to these speculations, Wei Dunrui also had a terrible hypothesis: the unusual number of skulls was artificial, because these dead Peking apes were used as food, and the "enemies" brought back their skulls (possibly along with a part of their torsos) as loot or stored food.
This statement is scary at first glance and chills behind people's backs, but it is not empty. Because archaeologists have found obvious stone tool hit scars on many skull fossils, these marks are extremely deep, some of the skull's brow bone position is directly broken, some are smashed in the back of the head; more exaggerated is that the entire facial part is smashed, resulting in a blur on the face of this part of the skull, and even the basic outline cannot be seen. Not to mention the hundreds of thousands of years ago when Ru Mao drank blood, at present, there are still cannibals in some remote and uncivilized corners of the world. Based on This hypothesis of Wei Dunrui, the Peking Ape Man was probably regarded as a prey; there must be a hunter if there is a prey, and the opponent must be an ape man who can use stone tools like the Beijingers.
Homo sapiens is divided into early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens, and it seems to be more intelligent when you hear the name, and it is true. Scholars have found that in the early Homo sapiens era, brain volume stool has become one of their significant markers. Usually, the size of the brain volume represents the degree of brain development, our modern human brain capacity can reach 1500 ml or more; the brain capacity of primates is usually not more than 500 ml; similar to the Beijing man, the Javan ape man's upright ape man, the brain capacity is between 800 and 1000 ml, as for those beasts that look majestic, not to mention, the adult male tiger with the largest brain capacity in the big cat family is only about 300 ml.
It can be said that from about 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens gradually emerged from the species of the same period. They skillfully made and used tools, hunted in groups in teams, and even formed early human societies. In fact, historical Homo sapiens were also brutal killers, and everywhere they went they could almost be described as "destruction.". Before Homo sapiens arrived in Australia about 45,000 years ago, Australia was full of ancient monitor lizards, thylacines, ancient kangaroos and so on. Soon, Homo sapiens also took Australia and incidentally wiped out 23 of its 24 genera of animals. Similarly, about 12,000 years ago, Homo sapiens crossed the Bering Strait to the Americas, where the continent was still dominated by giant mammals; it wasn't long before the original ecological chains of the Americas were completely destroyed, with 34 of the 47 genera of North American organisms wiped out. It is also said that Homo sapiens has abused almost all species on the earth since its rise, and 90% of all species extinct have been planted in the hands of Homo sapiens. While this claim is not necessarily conclusive, the destructive power of Homo sapiens is evident.
Combining the scarred skulls of Pekingese, the absence of reproductive segregation among all of humanity, and homo sapiens' powerful ability to migrate with terrible destructive power, it's easy to piece together a brutal history that, some 250,000 years ago, Homo sapiens came out of Africa, conquering everything seen with the naked eye as they walked, and eventually filling all corners of the world. Some Homo sapiens came to the north of present-day China and fought a fierce struggle for survival against the local "indigenous" Peking Apes. Apparently, the more evolved Homo sapiens defeated each other, and they regarded the Peking ape man as a prey, which also caused the demise of the Peking man about 200,000 years ago; and the skeleton fossils of this part of the Homo sapiens who "followed the local customs" were also discovered by later archaeologists, and they were called "cave people on the top of the mountain".
Taking this as an example, Homo sapiens have achieved dominance on all continents, as the saying goes, "one side of the water and soil to support the other side", Homo sapiens everywhere multiplied, under the influence of the local environment and evolved continuously, and eventually formed a world of four human races with different appearances; as for why there is no reproductive isolation between humans? The reason is simple: don't look at the different races, the difference is not small, in fact, it is the same species at all; therefore, many scholars believe that Homo sapiens (more specifically homo sapiens Homo sapiens) is the only one of the 17 species under the genus homo sapiens that has survived to this day.
Of course, what happened last year may be forgotten in a year, let alone ancient history that happened hundreds of thousands of years ago and has extremely limited information. Science is still evolving, research is continuing, and the assumption that "humanity originated in Africa together" may be upended at any time by new discoveries. However, judging from the demise history of the Peking Ape Man and various strange clues, the evolution of human beings is by no means "logical" as the textbooks say. Just as the so-called "natural selection, survival of the fittest", the process from ape to man is actually bloody and cruel, even worse than the subsequent war. In a sinister environment, the more fierce the more able to stand firm; from this point of view, the development of human beings to this height is a historical accident, but at the same time it is an inevitability.